جستجوی مقالات مرتبط با کلیدواژه « خوش بینی » در نشریات گروه « علوم تربیتی »

Positive organizational behavior seeks to improve individual and organizational performance by understanding and strengthening the positive characteristics of employees, as well as by identifying, investing and developing the strengths of human resources. In this regard, the aim of the present study is to investigate the relationship between positive organizational behavior and organizational performance among elementary school teachers in Sarein. The present research method is descriptive and correlational. The validity of the questionnaire has been confirmed based on the opinions of experts and university professors. Our statistical population includes all the teachers, managers and principals of Sarein city, numbering 108 people, due to the small number of the population, all people were selected as a sample, and the questionnaire link was sent to the people through Shad virtual space. To collect data, two questionnaires of positive organizational behavior by Luthans et al. (2007) and Hersey and Goldsmith's organizational performance (2003) were used. The reliability of the questionnaires was reported as 0.90 and 0.86 respectively. The results of the analysis show that there is a positive and significant relationship between self-efficacy, resilience and optimism and organizational performance. But there is no significant relationship between hope and organizational performance. The positive behavior of employees is a kind of valuable and useful behavior that people show voluntarily and willingly. Therefore, it seems very important and necessary to study and investigate this kind of behavior in the organization.

The present research has aimed to study the role of optimism and buoyancy in teachers’ innovative behavior with flexibility as an intermediary. A descriptive research method of the correlational kind was used, and the statistical population consisted of 1500 primary school teachers in the city of Birjand in the school year 2018-2019, 306 of whom were selected as the sample by means of stratified sampling (based on gender and privilege) and in accordance with Morgan’s table. The optimism and flexibility questionnaire devised by Luthans (2007), the innovative behavior questionnaire devised by Kanter (1988) and Shirom's questionnaire for buoyancy (2004) were used in order to assess variables. The content validity of the questionnaires was confirmed by experts. Using Cronbach's alpha, the coefficient of reliability was shown to be 0.80 for the optimism questionnaire, 0.88 for the innovative behavior questionnaire and 0.72 for the buoyancy questionnaire. Data analysis has been done at descriptive (frequency, mean, and standard deviation) and inferential (Pearson correlation, regression and structural equation model) levels. The results showed that optimism, with a beta of 0.42, and buoyancy, with a beta of 0.61, and flexibility, with a beta of 0.50, predicted innovative behavior, and optimism with a beta of 0.39 and buoyancy with a beta of 0.42 predicted flexibility. As indicated by the findings, flexibility has the intermediary role here.

The aim of the current research was to investigate the role of self-acceptance and mental vitality in relation to psychological needs on optimism and psychological well-being of Tehran students. This research was descriptive and correlational. The statistical population of the research consisted of students of various degrees in universities in Tehran. Considering that the minimum sample size required in structural equation modeling is 200 people, 430 people were selected as a sample. The sampling method was available electronically due to the restrictions of the coronavirus. Data were analyzed in SPSS24 and LISREL software. The research tools include Chamberlain and Haaga's unconditional acceptance questionnaire, Ryan & Frederick's mental vitality questionnaire, Guardia, Deci & Ryan's basic psychological needs questionnaire, and Scheier & Carver's optimism questionnaire. The findings show that there is a relationship between psychological needs with optimism and psychological well-being with the mediating role of self-acceptance and mental vitality, but the relationship between basic psychological needs and psychological well-being with the mediation of mental vitality was not confirmed. Based on this, if these needs are met, the feeling of self-confidence and self-worth is formed in people, and it causes mental vitality and optimism in people.

The purpose of the present study is to explain the role of psychological assets in religious education. The research method is descriptive-analytic and the results showed that psychological assets and its main components can be the inspiring source to continue religious activity and increases the chance of reaching inner peace, spiritual power to acquire divine attributes. In other words, features of psychological assets facilitate the way of becoming like God -as the goal of religious education- and provide necessary mental power and energy for people at difficulties, limitations, and obstacles to continue their activities. Components of psychological asset and religious education either directly or through a range of component meanings are interrelated; so that 4 components of psychological asset (self-efficiency, hopefulness, optimism, and resilience) can contribute to creating and continuing religious behaviors. As a result, people can prepare themselves to undertake action and achieve perseverance, resilience, and endurance (patience) to reach their goals.

The main objective of this study was to synthesize the findings of different studies on positive psychology and gain a general understanding about the relationships between the elements of positive psychology, including psychological well-being, optimism, happiness, resilience, and hope, and academic achievement. The study was also to identify and resolve possible contradictory findings about the issue. In line with these objectives, a meta-analysis design was used to conduct this study. The educational resources of this study were selected from all the available articles on the relationships between elements of positive psychology and academic achievement. After establishing inclusion and exclusion criteria, 19 studies were selected as the sample and from these studies, 35 r-type effect sizes were extracted and analyzed using CMA2 software. The results revealed a statistically significant combined effect size for both fixed and random effect models; however, the identified relationships were found to be low. Furthermore, the effect size of the relationships between happiness, hope, optimism, psychological capital and academic achievement was small, and the effect size of the relationship between resilience and academic achievement was moderate. Base on the overall results of this study, it can be concluded that improvement of positive psychology elements can make the education process more enjoyable and can increase individuals' ability to respond to educational challenges in their learning environment more effectively.

Birth and child is associated with pressure and difficulty for the mother, but if this child has a physical or mental disability, it will lead to consequences and reactions. Accordingly, the aim of this study was to investigate the structural pattern of resilience, optimism and life expectancy with posttraumatic growth in mothers with autistic children with the mediating role of religious beliefs.

The present research is of the correlation type. The statistical sample included 225 mothers with autistic children who were selected by purposive and available sampling from educational centers and the Autism Spectrum Children Association in 2019. The tools used in this research were Religious Attitudes Questionnaire (Serajzadeh, 1998), resiliency scale (Conner-Davidson,2003), optimism questionnaire (Scheier-Carrer, 1985), life expectancy Scale (Miller, 1988) and post traumatic growth questionnaire (Tedischi & Calhoun, 1996), and Pearson correlation coefficient, path analysis and bootstrap method were used to analyze the data.

The analysis of the findings showed that the structural model has a good fit and all predictor and mediator variables can predict 0.41 of the dependent variable changes. Thus, religious beliefs mediate the relationship between Resilience and hope and post traumatic growth, but do not mediate the relationship between optimism and post traumatic growth.

According to the findings, it can be said that religious beliefs can mediate the relationship between resilience and life expectancy with post-traumatic growth, but in the relationship between optimism and post-traumatic growth, religious beliefs do not play a mediating role.

Hepatitis is a major health problem in the world and is one of the ten leading causes of death in humans. This disease is an important cause of cancer and liver disorders and causes disabilities in people. The aim of this study was to determine the role of optimism in the relationship between social support and treatment adherence of hepatitis patients in Zanjan.

The method of this research was correlational. The statistical population of the study included all patients with hepatitis referred to the Comprehensive Health Center No. 5 in Zanjan in the first half of 2019 were 999 people, who 210 patients was selected by accessible randoming in the study. To collect the required data, McLean (1993) Ambiguity Tolerance Questionnaire, Sherborne & Stewart (1991) Social Support Questionnaire and Moriski et al. (2008) treatment adherence questionnaire were used to collect the required data. Also, Pearson statistical tests and multiple regression in Spss software version 25 were used to analyze the data. Significance level was considered 0.05 for all tests.

The results showed between social support with treatment adherence (P<0.001, r= 0.360), between social support with optimism (P<0.001, r= 0.329) and also between optimism. There was a direct and significant correlation with treatment (P <0.001, r= 0.349). The results also showed that the effect of total social support on optimism was significant (P<0.001, β= 0.442). The partial mediating role of optimism in the relationship between social support and treatment adherence was significant (P<0.05).

In general, the results of this study showed that social support with partial mediation of optimism was significantly associated with treatment adherence of hepatitis patients.

Marriage as the first step in forming a family institution means combining two perspectives and values. This study was conducted to construct and validate an appropriate scale for measuring the attitudes of martyrs' wives to marriage.

This applied research utilized a descriptive-survey of factor analysis method. The statistical population of the study includes all the wives of the martyrs in the police force (about 300 people), 81 of whom were randomly selected as a sample. The tool of this research was a researcher-made questionnaire that has three sections "cognitive, behavioral and emotional". The face and content validity of the questionnaire was evaluated by some professors and psychologists and they were approved by CVR and CVI formulas. Finally, the questionnaire consisted of 33 questions that were administered to 30 people in the target population, its reliability was estimated by internal consistency method and Cronbach's alpha formula, which indicated its appropriate reliability.

Factor analysis and Varimax method were used to analyze the research. The results of the study showed the existence of seven factors: "evaluation, optimism, pessimism, publicity, desire to have a supervisor, negative perception of fate and fear of loneliness."

This scale is a valid and reliable tool for measuring the attitudes of the martyrs' esteemed wives towards remarriage and can use its results to counsel their marriages.

The aim of this study is to investigate the relationship of religious orientation variables and mental health symptoms with the mediation of optimism, regarding the purpose and use and considering the nature and technique, the descriptive research method of a correlation type. This study considers the religious orientation variable which is a predictor of mental health and optimism as a mediating variable of the relationship between these two variables. The statistical population of the study includes all female students studying in public, non-governmental and nonprofit universities, Islamic Azad and Payamnoor academic centers of Qazvin in the academic year 2014-2014, the sample consists of 380 women selected through stratified random sampling. Optimism, general health and religious orientation were investigated by using the Life Orientation Questionnaire (LOT-R), Mental Health Questionnaire (GHQ) and Alport Religious Orientation, respectively. The reliability of the questionnaires was calculated and confirmed by Cronbach's alpha, 0.85, 0.79 and 0.83, respectively. The data were statistically processed by using Pearson correlation coefficient and structural equation modeling (SEM). The results show that there is a significant positive relationship between internal religious orientation and optimism, and there is significant negative relationship between internal religious orientation and mental health components it is also found that the only way to attain religious orientation is by indirect methods only indirectly through optimism that reduces anxiety, depression and somatization. It is worth noticing that religious orientation does not affect mental health decline by direct method, but through raising level of optimism that contributes to reducing anxiety, depression, and somatization.

The purpose of this study was to investigate the role of attachment to God and spiritual health in predicting optimism in male and female students. The descriptive method was correlation. The statistical population consisted of all high school students in Jolfa city in 2014-2015, out of which 200 were selected by multistage cluster random sampling. The instruments included questionnaires of attachment to God, spiritual health and optimism which were analyzed using Pearson correlation coefficient and multiple regression analysis. The results of Pearson correlation coefficient showed that optimism was positively and significantly related to overall spiritual health score, but it is inversely related to avoiding intimacy with God and the fear of being excluded from the attachment to God. The results of regression analysis also showed that 54% of the variance of optimism is explained by spiritual health and avoiding intimacy and anxiety of rejecting attachment to God.

The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between parental personality traits and optimism and communication skills of sixth grade elementary students. The research method was descriptive-correlational and the statistical population of this study included all male students of the sixth grade of elementary school in Qaen (509 people). In this study, multi-stage cluster sampling was used. Among the sixth grade students in the primary school, 200 students were randomly selected using the Karajsi and Morgan tables. Using the Schlein and Jarabak Communication Skills Questionnaire (2004), the personality traits of Neo Costa and McCra (1983) and the optimism of Shearer and Carver (1985), the necessary information was collected and multiple regression was used to analyze the data. The results showed that there was a positive and significant relationship between parents 'personality traits, optimism and students' communication skills. In addition, all the components of parental personality traits are strong predictors of students' optimism and communication skills. Therefore, in order to promote and improve family interactions and parent-child relationships, special educational programs should be organized to prevent pessimism and its side effects in adolescents. The relationship between parental personality traits and optimism and communication skills of sixth grade elementary students

This research aimed to investigate the relationship between Islamic lifestyle and marital satisfaction with the mediation of optimism. The correlation and path analysis was applied with the help of AMOS20 software. The population was the married public employees of the Consumers and Producers Protection Organization in Tehran and 214 employees (94 men and 120 women) were selected by the cluster sampling. They answered the Afrouz's couples' satisfaction questionnaire, Nouri's Islamic optimism questionnaire, and the Heirat et al.'s couples' Islamic lifestyle questionnaire. The findings demonstrated that there is a positive and significant relationship between Islamic lifestyle and marital satisfaction (p<0.01), in which Islamic lifestyle has a direct and meaningful effect on marital satisfaction (p<0.05). In addition, the standard value of the indirect effect of lifestyle with the mediation of optimism on marital satisfaction is significant at the level of 0.05. Therefore, Islamic lifestyle with the mediation of optimism has an indirect effect on marital satisfaction and two variables of optimism and Islamic lifestyle explain marital satisfaction

Positive psychology is the scientific study of human flourishing and a practical approach to optimize the individual’s life. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of positive education on well-being, character strengths and optimism of ninth grade students. Participants included 46 female ninth grade public school students. To select the sample, two schools were randomly selected from among the 1st cycle secondary schools of Tehran. The students selected from one school were considered as experimental group (n=22) and the students selected from the other school were considered as control group (n=24). Participants in both groups completed the questionnaires of well-being, character strengths and optimism. Then, positive education was performed in the experimental group. Data were analyzed using multivariate analysis of variance model. The results showed that the level of well-being in the experimental group was significantly higher than the control group after intervention (Eta=0.32). Besides, the character strengths of students in the experimental group were significantly enhanced in which the most effect was on transcendence virtue (Eta=0.68) and the least effect was on temperance virtue (Eta=0.52). However, this intervention had no significant effect on optimism. It could be concluded that positive education was able to increase significantly the level of well-being and character strengths of students. In addition, findings of this research on positive education showed that teaching the positive psychological skills to students and incorporating these skills into school curriculum will result in mental health and educational improvement of students.

Introduction Whereas the beginning of academic life is favorable for a group of students, for some the entrance to university had been accompanied with stressful experiences (Zajacova and et al, 2005). Research has reported that students suffer from high level of psychological distress in this period (cook, 2006; Andrews, 2004). Psychological distress is an expression synonymous with pressure, stress (Ridner, 2004) and consists of depression and anxiety symptoms (Mirowsky and Ross, 2002) which brings about a lot of negative effects on student's functions (Ruthig and et al, 2008). One of the psychological resources that can protect students against the mental illnesses and one of the most important human mental potencies that has been assigned a specific position in psychology is optimism (Seligman, 2005). Optimism is a propensity in a person, according to which, one hopes that best results will occur in the future (Carver and Scheier, 2002) and gives people more chance to experience a decrease in stress and depression(Brissette and et al, 2002). Another effective factor in psychological health which is one of the adaptive variables with optimism that increases cognitive actions and students, commitment for achieving degrees and accomplishing academic course is perceived academic control (Ruthig and et al, 2009) that refers to a belief in one's capacity that influences or controls academic outcomes. Pery (2001) believes perceived academic control increases students, autonomy and responsibility, as a result it causes academic successes. Optimistic students have high perceived academic control (Stupnisky and et al, 2012) and different levels of which is a good predictor for anxiety and depression (Stupnisky and et al, 2012; You and Kang, 2014). Studies have reported gender differences in anxiety and depression (Mirowsky and Ross, 1995; McDonough and Strohschein, 2003) whereas significant difference in the optimism has not been reported in both sexes (Shokri, 1387, Lavasani, 1392). Considering the existing literature, the purpose of this research was to examine the mediating role of the perceived academic control in the relationship between optimism and psychological distress among university students.
Research questions 1-Is there a negative correlation between optimism with psychological distress? 2-Is there a positive correlation between optimism with perceived academic control? 3-Is there a negative correlation between perceived academic control with psychological distress? 4- Does erceived academic control mediate the relationship between optimism and psychological distress? 5- Dose gender moderate the mediating role of perceived academic control in the relationship between optimism and psychological distress?
Method Current study was descriptive and correlational and has used structural equation modeling for examining the relationship between constructs and measured variables in the suggested conceptual model. Among male and female students of Shahid Beheshti University a sample consisting of 360 students (119 males, 241 females) were asked to fill out the Life Orientation Test- Revised (LOT-R), perceived academic control scale and depression, anxiety and stress scale (Dass-42) as the research instruments.
Results Correlation matrix results in both genders showed that the relationship between optimism with academic control and academic responsibility was positive and significant and the relationship between optimism with depression, anxiety and stress was negative and significant and the relationship between academic control and academic responsibility with depression, anxiety and stress was negative and significant. Finally, the relationship between academic control and academic responsibility was negative and significant.The results of path coefficients comparison for both genders showed that among female students in comparison with male students, the correlation between optimism and perceived academic control was more considerable statistically.
Discussion Review of fitness indices of suggested model showed that the proposed model had a very good fitness with data and according to the findings of previous studies, was explainable. Carver and et al (2010) believed optimism indicates a generalized expectation and according to which, an individual feels favorable results occur when facing the problems. In this course, Scheier and et al (2002) believed that decreasing the optimism against the events is accompanied with pressure, anxiety and depression. Scheier and Carver (1985) and Solberg and Segerstrom (2010) showed optimist people hope to perceive favorable results and insist on achieving their own purposes. Because optimist people can have control over the events, students who have powerful emotions in perceived academic control can manage success and failure. Thus, they have more motivations to achieve the positive outcomes and have autonomy and self-monitoring strategies in life that protect them against the depression, anxiety and stress. Also, sexual equivalence test results for the proposed model was explainable based on structural weighs option, according to priority of orientation, based on self-improvement among female students who intend to improve and modify when facing frustrating events.

Investigating the Relationship between the Components of the Psychological Capital of the Career Adaptability (Case Study: Students of Nowshahr Imam Khomeini Maritime university) Abstract The purpose of this study was to determine the relationship between the path of occupational adaptability and non-profit-making capital in the students of Imam Khomeini University of Marine Sciences. The research method is descriptive survey and correlation analysis. For this purpose, among the310 undergraduate students, according to the Cochran formula, 172students The research was selected by simple cluster sampling method. In order to investigate the pathway lobbying, the standard questionnaire of Savicas and Poorgholi (2012) was used to examine the unpredictable capital from the standard questionnaire of Lutanz and partners (2007). The data were analyzed using simultaneous regression analysis to predict the effect of the components of psychological capital (optimism, self-efficacy, hope, resiliency) on occupational adaptability (concern, control, curiosity, trust). The results of the study showed that this model There is a positive and significant relationship between the percentage of variance in the job matching pathway and the components of optimism, self-efficacy, hopefulness of psychological capital and occupational adaptability. (P <0.01) Key words: Psychological capital, Career Adaptability

The purpose of the present study was to investigate the effect of optimism on academic stress and mental health of the fifth grade male students of elementary school in the city of "Khoramabad" using storytelling. The method applied was pre-test, post-test piloting with a control group. The participants were all the elementary male students from a school in "Khoramabad", from among whom thirty were selected using "random sampling" as members of control and experimental group. Ang – Huan academic stress questionnaire (2006) and GHQ-28 inventory (1979) were used to measure the student's academic stress and mental health. For data analysis, descriptive statistics (mean and standard deviation) and inferential statistics (univariate analysis of covariance) were applied. Results indicate that educating education of optimism through storytelling leads to a decrease in academic stress and an increase in the mental health of the fifth grade students in experimental group compared to control group. Current observations confirm the positive impact of optimism, through storytelling, upon the decrease in student's academic stress and increase in their mental health.(p

Nowadays, despite the rapid advancement of technology and welfare, family ties have faltered. They do not have a correct attitude towards events and others` behaviors and pessimistically explore the events around them. Optimism is one of the factors that can stabilize families. The current study aims at analyzing optimism and its aspects and different components, defining its role in stabilizing the families and analyzing the variants related to optimism by reviewing some of the psychological studies and other Islamic sources. The findings show that optimism is based on; paying attention to the positive aspects of life, presenting correct decisions from others` behaviors and expecting good results and positive interpretations. This kind of ideology from the point of Islam is based on monotheism.

The aim of this study was to investigate the prediction of academic motivation of teacher-students based on optimism and meaning of education. For this purpose, 168 students from Farhangian University of Tehran (105 females and 63 males) were selected by stratified sampling and completed the study questionnaires. The instrument used in this study were Scheier and Carver's Life orientation, Henderson – King and Smith' meaning of education and Vallerend' academic motivation questionnaires. The data were analyzed by Pearson correlation coefficient and stepwise regression analysis. The findings indicated that there were significant positive relationships between optimism and meaning of education with academic motivation. Optimism and meaning of education explained 26 and 27 percent of the variance in academic motivation, respectively. The findings emphasize emotional and cognitive aspects of education such as optimism and meaning of education on improvement of student's academic motivation. It is worth that in learning process considered strategies to improve student's attitude towards education.