جستجوی مقالات مرتبط با کلیدواژه « Exploratory Factor Analysis » در نشریات گروه « علوم تربیتی »

The aim of this study was to validate the student discussion engagement scale among students of the University of Tehran. The student discussion engagement scale, conceptualizes discussion in the form of a group question and answer that requires an understanding of the overall atmosphere of a class and the participation of individuals who enhance/facilitate/boost the engagement of others. The scale assesses students' behavior and experiences in the classroom in four areas, namely their skills, self-confidence, openness to discussion, and perception of the overall atmosphere. The study included 403 students of the University of Tehran from different study areas and stages, who were selected through random sampling. The students were asked to fill out a survey online, which included questions about discussion engagement, academic engagement, general self-efficacy (GSES), and the classroom learning environment (CLC). The data were examined in several steps, including item analysis, exploratory factor analysis, confirmatory factor analysis, convergent validity, divergent validity, and reliability. This was done in order to ensure that the analysis produces accurate and reliable results. The item analysis revealed that all items were adequate in terms of the descriptive criteria. The exploratory factor analysis identified four factors after removing two items. This suggests that there are four underlying factors influencing the students' engagement in classroom discussions. The confirmatory factor analysis also supported the factor structure identified in the exploratory factor analysis. This suggests that the Student Discussion Engagement (SDE) scale has convergent validity, divergent validity, and good reliability. This means that the scale can reliably and accurately measure students' engagement in classroom discussions.

Management and leadership in education as one of the pillars of the educational system is of great importance. However, the old leadership styles are no longer responsive to the chaotic environment ahead, so the purpose of this study is to identify and analyze the factors affecting the intelligent leadership of school principals. This study is a mixed method research (qualitative-quantitative). The statistical population in the qualitative section is made up of university experts in the field of educational management and school principals, 23 people of whom were selected using the snowball sampling method. The statistical population in the quantitative section consists of 192 school principals of Ilam county,128 of whom were selected using simple random sampling method and based on Cochran's formula. The data collection tool in the qualitative part is interview and in the quantitative part, the researcher-made questionnaire on factors affecting the intelligent leadership of school principals with 66 items. The validity of the instrument was confirmed by judgmental method and Cronbach's alpha coefficient equal to 0.87 was obtained, which indicated the appropriate validity of the questionnaire. The findings of qualitative analysis led to the identification of 66 items. In the quantitative part, exploratory factor analysis was used to analyze the data. The results showed that 8 factors of: rational and emotional intelligence, ability to plan and make the right decision, ability to coordinate and communicate effectively, high executive ability, ability to identify revenue sources, ability to allocate resources and control costs, foresight and crisis management ability, and managerial ability are the most important factors affecting the intelligent leadership of school principals. Based on the results, it can be concluded that intelligent leadership in schools requires many skills such as planning and decision making skills, crisis management, and having high-level managerial skills.

Nowadays, the fundamental role of having a purpose for life in physical and mental health has been confirmed. According to victor frankl, presence of a purpose in life gives life a meaning and increases resilience against pains and traumas. The importance of the purpose in life construct reveals the need for a reliable and valid tool to measure it. Crumbaugh and Maholick's purpose in life questionnaire is the first and one of the most applied tools for the assessment of life's purposefulness. The aim of this research is to determine the factor structure of purpose in life questionnaire. The questionnaire was administered on 206 students who were selected through random stratified sampling at Ferdowsi University of Mashhad. Exploratory factor analysis showed that there are two factors "comprehension" and "purpose" and this finding were confirmed by confirmatory factor analysis. Altogether results of this research showed factor validity of the purpose in life questionnaire with a two factor pattern

One of the new models of doing work and activities in today's age is the use of smart remote work, which is known as a new way of doing work. Smart working is a method of achieving a more agile organization and coping with the increasing changes of the market and different crises. One of the main instances of such crises is the current COVID-19 pandemic which has shifted the work of millions of people around the world to homes for social distancing. This pandemic has seriously affected the labor force and the economy of the countries. In such a condition, it cannot be certainly predicted when the economy will flourish again. Flexible working models constitute the majority of the strategies adopted against the faced challenges including COVID-19. In the current study, the effective aspects of intelligent remote working, as a flexible working model, were identified and explained. This research was applied in terms of purpose and descriptive-survey type. The statistical population was all faculty and staffs of Payam Noor University, and the sample size was calculated as 385 people based on Cochran's formula. Data collection was done with a questionnaire. Hypotheses were evaluated through confirmatory factor analysis and Structural Equation Modeling and exploratory factor analysis.  SPSS 22 and Lisrel 8.8 softwares were used to analyze the model. According to the obtained data, smart remote working consisted of eight dimensions including productivity, technology, individual, communication and cooperation, organization, social, management, and family and life. Providing effective smart work solutions, increasing the flexibility of organizations, raising skills and discovering new ways and having an interdisciplinary perspective can play a significant role in helping all organizations to overcome this crisis.

The coaching ability of the student-teachers in the educational environment is a key competence for any teacher. The purpose of this study was to design and validate a coaching model based on the choice theory at the University. It was a sequential mixed-methods study which consisted of a qualitative section with grounded theory approach and a quantitative section with field finding method. In the qualitative section, the University professors were interviewed. They were selected according to the principle of theoretical saturation using purposive sampling method (N= 32). In the quantitative section of the study, the sample size was calculated based on the Cochran's formula and therefore, 360 students and teachers of Farhangiān University were selected through multi-stage cluster sampling method. Document mining and semi-structured interviews were used to collect data in the qualitative section and a researcher-made questionnaire was used in the quantitative section of the study. The method of data analysis in the qualitative section was open, axial and selective coding which was done by MAXqd software with thematic analysis approach. In the quantitative section of the study, exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis were used. The results showed that the coaching model includes two dimensions of personal coaching and educational coaching, 7 main components including (self-discovery, smart Chinese goal, searching and staying at work, relationship building, training and knowledge creation, environment building, effectiveness and influence) and 35 indicators were presented as a coaching model. Finally, the main dimensions and components of the coaching model was identified based on the choice theory. It was found that the proposed model has an acceptable fit and the assumed factor structure was confirmed.

The aim of this study was to identify the components of citizenship education among male high school students in Tehran. The method of conducting field research is with a survey strategy. Data were collected using a questionnaire from 210 teachers in Tehran by multi-stage cluster sampling and simple random sampling. According to the purpose of the research, exploratory factor analysis was used to analyze the data and identify the underlying components. The applicability of exploratory factor analysis for this study was confirmed by kmo test(%p 05%).This indicates that both the matrix homogeneity is rejected and the variables can be reduced to a minimum of factors. Finally, the studied variables were reduced to 6 factors, which in total with a cumulative frequency of 55.54 were able to explain the total variance of the variables. These factors are given priority in the components of trust and responsibility with special value (6.012),religious and organizational commitment with special value(2.072). Active planning with special value(1.500),Critic with special value(1.416) and Strategic educational awareness with special value(1.226)were identified and specified. Therefore, it can be said that students showed the greatest role and learning of their citizenship in the component of trust and responsibility as the first factor with variance (249/04).

 Research ahead with the goal Construct and Validation of the Coronavirus pandemic Multidimensional Anxiety questionnaire done.

The statistical population of the study included all people living in Lorestan province who faced the effects of Coronavirus pandemic in 2020 The sample was 384 people based on the Cochran's formula, which was selected as a sample of men and women in relatively equal proportions. To analyze the data, the factor analysis method based on the structural equation model of the first and second order was used.

In the findings section, the reliability of the questionnaire was calculated based on Cronbach's alpha of 0.88. The correlation between anxiety and coping styles, avoidance, denial, and responsibility was 0.62, -0.37, and -0.57, respectively, indicating validity. The criterion was a questionnaire. Exploratory factor analysis showed that the four dimensions of physical, cognitive, social and emotional respectively. Confirmatory factor analysis confirmed the results of the content validity of this questionnaire, ie the four-factor anxiety structure in facing with Coronavirus epidemic, and showed the significance of the existence of four dimensions in the concept of pandemic anxiety.

The results showed that the Coronavirus pandemic Multidimensional Anxiety questionnaire, measuring four physical, cognitive, social and emotional dimensions, is a suitable tool for determining the level of anxiety in pandemic crises.

The purpose of this study is to investigate the perceived quality of educational services from the perspective of students of entrance exam institutions in Tehran. The present research is developmental-applied in terms of purpose and descriptive and survey type in terms of data collection. The statistical population of the study included Those are the twelfth grade students of District 4 of Tehran who have used the educational services of the entrance exam institutes of Tehran in the academic year of 2018-2019. Comrey and Lee model was used to determine the statistical sample size and the number of 400 samples was determined and 340 completed questionnaires were received. Available cluster sampling method was used to select the members of the statistical sample and data collection was performed using two library methods for reviewing the research literature and field method for distributing and collecting questionnaires. The validity of the questionnaire was assessed by experts and its reliability was confirmed by Cronbach's alpha. In order to analyze the research data and extract the dimensions, exploratory factor analysis and its prioritization of Shannon entropy were used in SPSS and EXCEL statistical software, respectively. Findings of the present study show that the effective dimensions for measuring the perceived quality of educational services include five perceived quality dimensions of teachers' abilities, training programs, support programs, staff behavior and physical equipment; in the view of the respondents, the perceived quality of the support programs is of paramount importance was in the first rank in terms of importance.

The present study examined psychometric properties of a 20-item Spiritual/Religious Perfectionism Scale (SRPS-20) in adult students. The aim of the study was developmental-applied and the method of gathering data was field research. The statistical population of the study 1 consisted of adult students, both under graduated and graduated, from the University of Tehran in the academic year of 2018-2019. The statistical population of the study 2 consisted of adults from general population living in Tehran in the years of 2018 and 2019. Factor structure of the SRPS-20 investigated using exploratory factor analyses in study 1 (368 university students) as well as using confirmatory factor analyses in study 2 (384 community adults). Convergent and discriminant validity of the SRPS-20 were examined through its correlations with measures of ego strength, mental health, and positive/negative affects in the 2 studies based on Ego Strength Scale (Besharat, 2016), Mental Health Inventory (Veit & Ware, 1983), and Positive and Negative Affects Schedule (Watson, Clarke & Tellegen, 1988), respectively. Internal consistency and test-retest reliability of the SRPS-20 were also investigated in the 2 studies. The results of both exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses supported a general factor structure for the SRPS-20. The convergent and discriminant validity of the SRPS-20 were supported by an expected pattern of correlations between the scale and the measures of ego strength, psychological well-being, psychological distress, and positive and negative affects. Based on the preliminary evidence provided by the present study it can be concluded that the SRPS-20 is a reliable and valid scale to measure spiritual/religious perfectionism.

The detrimental effects of peer rejection during childhood have made research in this area a necessity. The main step in each research is to have a valid and reliable questionnaire for the culture of that society. The main purpose of the present study is to examine the psychometric properties (determination of factor structure, validity, and validity) of the rejection scale of Wiesel, Sarid & Sternberg (2013). The research design is correlation. The statistical population is taken from 6th-grade elementary school students of Kermanshah. The total number of the participants is 311 students which were selected by the random cluster sampling method. Exploratory factor analysis extracts 4 components which were confirmed by first-order confirmatory factor analysis. Second order confirmatory factor analysis showed that these four components can be categorized into one concept. In sum, our peer rejection scale after a little modification showed suitable reliability and validity and can be used among Iranian students.

The purpose of this study was to build and make validation of a measurement tool for employees’ sport participation motivations. This study used mixed method. In qualitative section, 30 questions were designed according to theoretical foundation and sport activities experts’ comments. For checking the face validity, the questionnaires were distributed among 15 professional experts, then the questionnaires were reviewed by result of Lawshe formula, as a result 4 questions were omitted. Sampling method was stratified random sampling based on Structural equation among 9451 employees of public universities of Tehran. For getting structural validity, Structural equation and exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis were used. Data were surveyed in SPSS and LISREL programs. With using exploratory factor analysis 26 questions were reduced to 22 questions. Final components were identified after varimax rotation. 4 components’ title and reliability coefficient were physical (0.86), mental (0.80), social and material (0.90), and fun and recreation (0.85). Questionnaire total reliability was calculated equal to (0.92) by Cronbach's alpha. The result of confirmatory factor analysis supported the fitness of 4 components.Eventually, the designed questionnaire can be used in organizations as an appropriate tool for measuring and evaluating employees’ sport participation motivations. Key words: sport participation, exploratory factor analysis, confirmatory factor analysis

Cognition and knowledge is growing rapidly, and the meaning of knowing from the ability to remember and repeat information has changed to the ability to find and use appropriate information. Thus, metacognitive competence has become an important competitive element in the learning process for individuals in general and students and researchers in particular in the present age. It is therefore essential to have an accurate and efficient tool for measuring it. With this approach, the purpose of this study was to validate the Sherraw & Denison (1994) metacognitive awareness questionnaire including 52 items in 8 components. The statistical population of this study consisted of 50 faculty members and lecturers and more than 1750 graduates of the above mentioned centers. By submitting the questionnaire and receiving it, 302 complete and unadapted questionnaires were provided to the researcher. KMO test and Bartlett test were used to determine sampling adequacy. The above tests confirmed the suitability of sample number. In order to validate the above questionnaire, exploratory factor analysis was performed using SPSS 23 software. The results showed that six components of the eight components of the questionnaire including expression knowledge, procedural knowledge, situational knowledge, information management strategies, debugging and evaluation strategies were replicated without any changes as the creators presented. At the same time, the results showed that by combining the two planning variables and the perception checker, one single variable can be obtained that by examining the nature of common questions and concepts as "Planning and monitoring of learning", Named.

In recent years, we have seen an increase in the importance of social responsibility (CSR) and reporting among organizations. In this regard, creativity and innovation are important in determining and prioritizing the components of corporate social responsibility.

The current research, the components and indicators of disclosure, provide and analyze social responsibility by examining expert opinion in a comprehensive framework. After determining the components, the gap between the expected and expected status of the experts was discussed.

The statistical population included university professors, experts and managers working in accounting, auditing and financial management of Iran in 1396. Data were analyzed by exploratory factor analysis and t-test using SPSS software.

The results of exploratory factor analysis showed that 8 dimensions for corporate social responsibility (leadership and in-organization processes, environmental protection, work environment, community and country, employee support, reporting, public assistance and business Standards) can be extracted. Also, the results of t-test showed that there is a significant difference between the present situation (current performance) and the expected level of experts.

The study was conducted with the hope that companies would prioritize transparency in their programs, and that managers would volunteer to disclose social responsibility information.

Testing is one way to learn the fundamentals and general outcomes of science, which can teach a technical student in addition to persuading, discussing, and concluding, technical and practical skills. Laboratory lessons in higher education are an attempt to provide students with the necessary skills to acquire new technology and knowledge. This research was conducted with the aim of identifying and highlighting important factors from the perspective of the future career of students in learning and teaching skill classes in one of the laboratory lessons at the Faculty of Civil Engineering. The purpose of this study is to use applied research and in terms of collecting data from survey and field studies and in terms of research method exploratory studies. The research sample of all graduate students is the pavement laboratory course in the academic year 2016-19. The data were analyzed using Excel and SPSS software. Data descriptive analysis was used from the dispersion index (variation, variance, and standard deviation) and inferential statistics of exploratory factor analysis on determining important factors. In order to understand the causal pattern among the variables, the model of the Higher Accreditation Analysis was used. The results show that having the basic knowledge of entrepreneurship and the skill of implementing education in the industry is the main factor in the success of skill and laboratory training in engineering courses.

Previous studies have shown that Movement Imagery ability is effective in motor performance and learning in sports and rehabilitation. Appropriate inventory for assessment of this ability in adults (e.g. MIQ-3) development and validated in Iran. However, there is currently no standard tool for using children in Iran. To address this gap, we sought to examine the psychometric properties of the Persian version of imagery ability questionnaire for children (MIQ-C). The statistical population included children from 7 to 12 years old (135 boys, 109 girls) who were selected by random cluster sampling. Results replicated that most items had good discrimination and threshold parameters and high item information values and IRT replicated that all questions have an appropriate coefficient of detection (a) and threshold (b). So the Persian version of the current questionnaire is recommended to measure the Movement Imagery ability to children from 7 to 12 years of age in Persian.

The purpose of this study was to explain the components of voluntary disclosure with a social responsibility approach from the point of view of higher education professionals. The present study presented and analyzed the components and indicators of voluntary disclosure by examining the viewpoints of higher education graduates of Iranian universities in a comprehensive framework. To determine the components, voluntary disclosure of their weight was done by 108 faculty members. The statistical population included professors of Iranian universities in accounting, auditing and financial management in 2018. Targeted sampling was based on the field of research. Data were analyzed by exploratory factor analysis using SPSS software. The results of exploratory factor analysis revealed that three dimensions for voluntary disclosure of companies (general information and governance, performance, innovation and future growth) can be achieved. The results of this research can reflect the expectations of higher education professionals and users of financial reporting on voluntary disclosure.

This article is intended to identify the causes of the trainees reduction in private vocational and technical institutes. According to the purpose, exploratory mixed research method was selected as the appropriate method of research. The research method consists of two qualitative and quantitative steps.In the qualitative stage, the data were collected using thematic analysis and conducting targeted and in-depth interviews with 20 experts in technical and vocational education.Then, with the initial coding and the definition of the main and sub- themes,Factors affecting the reduction of trainees in private technical and vocational institutes were identified. In the quantitative stage, a questionnaire was set up based on the results of the first stage interviews. The statistical sample at this stage was 270 managers and founders of private technical and vocational institutes in East Azerbaijan province. Data was collected through a questionnaire categorized using exploratory factor analysis. That way, the effective factors on the reduction of trainees were re-identified. The results of exploratory factor analysis were in line with the results of Thematic Analysis. The results of both qualitative and quantitative methods indicate that institute factors (physical resources, human and finance resources, educational programs and educational marketing), organizational factors (content, policy, support, evaluation) and environmental factors (competitors, labor market, community culture,laws and government policies) are three major factors affecting the reduction of trainees in private technical and vocational institutes.

The purpose of this study is was to develop an Iranian Adolescent Time Attitude Scale. For this reason, two studies have done among Iranian adolescents to develop and validate of a time attitudes scale. In the first study, a qualitative method as well as grounded theory was used to conceptualize time attitude. Participants in the first study included 45 adolescents (23 male and 22 female) aging 15 to 17 years old with the average age of 16.20. Six focus groups were formed in schools for girls and schools for boys. The results of open and axial coding for past, present and future shows that this period of life contains eight categories of positive future, negative future, hedonist present, negative present, futurist present, positive past, negative past, and past acceptance. In the second study based on the codes obtained from interviews develop a scale to measure time attitude was drafted viewing time scale then examined its psychometric properties. Participants in the second study included 938 school students (493 female and 445 male) in the second and third grade of Iranian high school. The findings of exploratory factor analysis indicated that time attitude scale for adolescent Iranian contained 34 items measuring eight dimensions including positive future, negative future, negative present, hedonistic present, futuristic present, negative past, past acceptance and positive past. Fit indices in confirmatory factor analysis model, confirmed validity of this attitude scale. Based on the findings, time attitude scale can be as valid and reliable instrument for assessing attitudes toward adolescents Iranian used.

This research was designed to achieve two a) designing a scale of teacher's instructional strategies and b) Validating the scale. To this end, Delphi method and content analysis were used to design the scale and a within group plan, using descriptive – survey method, was used to validate the scale. This study included two samples: for the first purpose of the study 43 teachers, through convenient sampling, were selected and for the second purpose 354 teachers, through stratified random multistage cluster sampling were chosen. To collect the data, two researcher – made instruments were employed. The first questionnaire included an open-ended question in which the teachers were required to list their instructional strategies in their class. The second questionnaire was a 29 – item scale in which the items were chosen from among the teachers` instructional strategies through content analysis and exploratory factor analysis. The results of the exploratory factor analysis showed that all of the teachers` instructional strategies can be classified in seven categories including strategies of learner – centered (cognitive activation), group – based education, focusing and motivating, providing an optimal environment, direct teaching (teacher – centered), controlling the educational process, and preparation. Teachers can employ various instructional strategies to provide appropriate learning environment for students and directly affect the quality of educational process.