جستجوی مقالات مرتبط با کلیدواژه « ویروس کرونا » در نشریات گروه « تربیت بدنی »

The outbreak of coronavirus has posed a serious threat to sports businesses. The aim of this study was identifying the factors affecting participatory governance of coronavirus crisis management in sports businesses. The study was applied in terms of purpose and qualitative research using unstructured Glaser method. The statistical population consists of experts who have scientific, executive or both expertises in sports management. In the present study, the opinions of 15 experts were collected during a semi-structured interview in a purposeful way until the theoretical saturation was reached. The reliability of the interviews was 0.75 using the intra-subject agreement study method. To analyze the data, continuous comparison method was used during the three stages of open, axial and selective coding by Maxqda2018 software. 60 codes were obtained in the open coding stage and 7 axes in the axial coding stage and finally, the factors of systemic approach, compensatory strategy, NGOs, crisis response policy, media support, e-government and crisis governance were identified as effective factors. As a result, crisis management based on participatory governance can increase its capabilities in dealing with such crises due to these factors and perform better in reviving and keeping sports and sports businesses active.

The aim of the current research is developing and syncing sport-related applications during pandemics, using gamification. The approach of this study focuses on quantitative and qualitative exploratory mix. The data have been collected from experts in both gamification and sports fields. Also, they had sufficient experience in practical advising for sport-related applications development. To sampling for semi-structured interviews, Targeted sampling method with the snowball technique have been used. Besides the documentary study and Delphi method approaches have been applied for data collection. For data presenting, first theoretical studies were analyzed, then data was gathered from semi-structured interviews. During this process, 9 services and 18 options capabilities were detected. Considering the qualitative nature of this study, the data from interviews and valid documents were studied using the content analysis approach. To analyze and prioritize the quantitative data, the Friedman rank test was used. According to results, creating a social atmosphere, Customization, providing challenges for users, and creating groups by users’ leads to a strong motivation for developing the applications with mentioned factors by gamification. Generally, team abilities, cooperation, Customization, challenges social relations are the most important factors in this process.

The purpose of this research was to identify the challenges of teaching physical education lessons in schools after the Coronavirus in the horizon of 2026. This research is descriptive-analytical in terms of practical targeting strategy and descriptive-analytical based on future research methods. The statistical population of this research was made up of experts in the field of physical education and curriculum planning. The selection of these people was purposeful and their number was equal to 20 people. The data collection tool was a questionnaire, and coding and structural analysis methods were used to analyze the data with the help of Micmac software. Based on the findings of the research, there are six factors, namely the increase in inactivity and immobility, the noticeable decrease in the number of student athletes, the decrease in teamwork skills, the tendency of students to electronic sports, the prevalence of height abnormalities, the decrease The interest and desire to do sports activities had the most impact and the most impact, as a result, because they had recorded high importance and uncertainty as the future drivers of the challenges of physical education. They were identified from Corona in the horizon of 2026. Based on this, in developing future plans and scenarios, it is necessary to pay attention to the above drivers, which are likely to appear in the future of teaching physical education after Corona.

The recommendations and solutions provided by researchers in critical situations such as the spread of the corona virus lead us to a solution for holding sports events under special conditions in order to prevent the spread of such diseases while creating opportunities for people to participate in sports events and activities. In case of coronavirus outbreak, Offline events have shifted the public's focus from In-person and live streaming events to the web and cyberspace and it seems that in such a situation, the media and social networks and offline activities can break the spell of stillness and silence in the field of sports and open an opening to the attractive and popular world of sports. However, with many people unable to participate in their normal activities, it is important to take advantage of opportunities for physical activity and exercise in the midst of this global crisis. Therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate the factors affecting participation in offline sport events during coronavirus pandemic. The research method is descriptive and survey type and applied in terms of purpose. The statistical population included all participants in the offline national competitions of the three sports of sumo, petanque and o-sport in 2021, in which 300 participants voluntarily completed the researcher-made questionary. The reliability of the research tool was reported using Cronbach's alpha method of 0.92. SPSS version 24 software was used for data analysis. Finally, by using structural equation modeling based on the partial least squares approach with SmartPLS software, the research hypotheses and causal model testing of the identified variables were investigated. Findings showed that the research model has a good fit and can be used to examine the factors affecting individual participation. The effect of factors of involvement, satisfaction and attitude of individuals on their participation in offline sports events was significant. Findings also showed that the factors of event characteristics, involvement and satisfaction increase the likelihood of developing a positive attitude towards participation in these events. Attitudes, satisfaction and involvement factors in an offline sports event, can also be intermediaries between the characteristics of the event and participation in it. Finding new ways for individuals and society to participate in sports is considered a unique opportunity. Holding offline sports events can be a creative solution to reduce the negative effects of crises such as the Corona pandemic and fill the void of activities and holding sports events, because it eliminates direct and close contact between people and also reduces trips and commuting. Many researches in line with the present research consider the level of involvement, attitude and satisfaction of people to be effective in increasing their sports participation. For example, Mason (2005) refers to the attitude factor, Alexandris et al (2007) and Funk et al (2004) to the conflict factor and Noori Khanyourdi et al (2023) and Yusuf et al (2019), Soheily et al (2018) to the satisfaction factor. Since these factors play an important and influential role in their participation in offline sports events, it is necessary to examine the factors that affect these variables. It is suggested that managers and sports professionals do their best and in different ways, such as raising the quality of events, increase the necessary grounds for the satisfaction of people to participate more in such events in conditions such as the Corona crisis. The findings of the current research showed that the factors of attitude, satisfaction and involvement in an offline sports event can also be a mediator between the characteristics of the event and participation in it. The findings of this research are in line with the results of the research of Soheily et al (2018) on the mediating role of satisfaction and show that the characteristics of the event affect satisfaction and satisfaction has a significant effect on people's participation in offline sports events in this critical condition. The findings of this research are also aligned with the results of ALexandris et al (2007) and show that the involvement of people in an offline event can be a mediator between the characteristics of that event and participation in it. Also, the results of the research in line with the results of the research of Yusuf et al (2019) show that the characteristics of the event can affect the attitude towards the event, which is an effective motivational factor for attending a sports event. According to the findings of the research, evaluating the participants' perceptions is one of the useful methods that can be considered to increase their participation. In order to reduce the negative effects of the spread of the corona virus on the sports industry, sports institutions should update their communication with their fans and supporters and take the best and most advantage of virtual solutions such as online networks and official websites (Heydari et al, 2021). The findings of this research showed that the level of satisfaction, the level of involvement, the attitude towards the event and the characteristics of the event can be effective on people's intention to participate in offline sports events. Therefore, it is suggested that in order to maintain better communication with fans, spectators and enthusiasts who are the main assets of sports, these effective factors should be taken into consideration. A virus like Corona is highly contagious and its lethality is significant; therefore, it requires different management. Holding offline sports events can be an effective strategy to temporarily replace sports events in this situation. Of course, according to the findings of the research, in the successful holding of such events, the factors that affect participation should be considered. In general, it should be noted that the research model may not be able to fully express the intention of people to attend offline sports events, but knowing these effective factors can be useful in order to increase participation in sports events in situations such as the Corona crisis. Therefore, considering these factors, the current research considers the development of offline events as an important strategy in such situations, and it is suggested that managers of offline sports events provide appropriate planning for the development of participation by measuring the factors affecting participation.

Virtual teaching of physical education has faced many challenges for teachers. The aim of the present study is to provide a physical education curriculum model for schools in the post-COVID era and offer solutions.

 The specific objective of this research was to explore and assess the identified challenges of physical education classes in schools during the virus outbreak and post-COVID period, following the Strauss and Corbin's (1990) model. The present study adopted a postmodern research paradigm. The research approach used in this study was qualitative, and the strategy employed was phenomenology, which in turn was guided by the Grounded Theory and the hidden content analysis tactic. The research was conducted through field studies. In the initial stage, the statistical population of the research consisted of all professors and sports management experts who had research experience in physical education curriculum planning, as well as all physical education teachers and experts in physical education at the Tehran Department of Education. The sampling method was purposeful and snowball sampling was used until theoretical saturation was reached. Fifteen participants were selected through non-probability purposive and snowball sampling, and data collection was done through in-depth and semi-structured interviews in response to the research questions. The interviews continued until theoretical saturation was achieved.

The results revealed that the most proposed strategies by the experts were categorized into three groups: improving virtual teaching facilities and infrastructures for physical education classes, adopting innovative teaching approaches for this subject, and enhancing motivation and attitudes among students, teachers, and parents.

In conclusion, based on the identified challenges and the proposed solutions, it can be said that the existing recommendations can be utilized to improve physical education teaching in schools.

The purpose of this study was to present a contextual model of the effects of coronavirus outbreak on sports status in Iran. The research method was qualitative studies based on Grounded theory. Data were collected using interviews and document review. Using purposive sampling, 17 specialists in the fields of physical education and sports management, economics and management were selected as participants and data were collected through in-depth and semi-structured interviews to the point of theoretical saturation. The reliability coefficient of retest interviews in this study was 0.94. The data analysis results were obtained using Maxqda quality analysis software in three stages of open, axial and selective coding. Based on open coding, 98 open codes were identified by reviewing the interviews conducted with the participants in the study. Based on the results of axial coding and relationships between identified categories, 14 axial codes were formed. In the last step, according to the results of theoretical coding, three main categories of conditions, actions and consequences were inferred. Category of conditions in 3 dimensions of management, context and behavior; the category of action in 3 subsets of coping policies, accompaniment and support; the category of outcomes were categorized into 8 dimensions: physical effects, social anxiety., according to the research results, it was suggested that in order to reduce the effects of coronavirus in similar conditions in the future or the continuation of these conditions, managers and officials should focus on identified conditions, actions and consequences management policies in line with these components.

The aim of this study was to investigate the role of job insecurity during the Corona virus pandemic on the mental health of football schools coaches with the mediating role of financial well-being. The research method is descriptive survey. The statistical population of the study included all coaches working in football schools licensed in Golestan province in 2020, that main source of their income is employment in football schools (81 coaches) that the whole population was selected as a research sample. To collect research data, (Jung et al, 2020) job insecurity during the Corona virus pandemic questionnaire, (Choi et al, 2020) financial well-being questionnaire and (Warwick-Edinburgh, 2007) mental health questionnaire were used. The results showed that job insecurity during the Corona virus pandemic has a negative and significant effect on the financial well-being of football coaches. Also, the effect of job insecurity during the Corona virus pandemic on the mental health of football coaches was negative and significant. Another part of the research results showed that the effect of financial well-being on mental health is positive and significant. Finally, the results showed that the effect of job insecurity during the Corona virus outbreak on the mental health of football coaches with the mediating role of financial well-being is negative and significant. According to the results of the study, it can be concluded that job insecurity during the pandemic of the Corona virus can lead to problems for the mental health of football coaches by reducing financial well-being.

The global outbreak of COVID-19 was a sudden public reminder which the viral diseases are a constant threat to human health. Especially in the case of new and re-emerging illnesses, which pose a constant threat to the global health-care system. This study aimed to investigate the impact of Covid-19 concerns on the depression of Athlete Students with the Modifying Role of Teammate social connectedness. This is a descriptive-correlational study conducted using the field research method. Its statistical population consisted of student-athletes from region 9 of Iran. Using G*Power, the statistical sample was determined 146 people selected by available sampling. (PROMIS) Depression Questionnaire and the Teammate social connectedness and Covid-19 Concerns Questionnaire (Graupensperger, & et al) were used to collect data after their validity and reliability were confirmed. Data were analyzed using SPSS and PLS software. The study revealed that Covid-19 concern has a Positive and significant relationship on the student-athletes depression. Furthermore, Teammate social connectedness, In addition to the negative and significant relationship with athletes' depression, played a modifying role in the relationship between Covid-19 concern and student-athletes' depression and undermined this relationship. According to this study's findings, the athlete students are also exposed to major psychotherapy and psychological issues during the Corona era; thus, simple preventive strategies like social distancing while creating a teammate social connectedness system may be an important tool to combat depression during COVID-19.

The purpose of the present study is to review the level of physical activity, general health, and life quality among female students in the 1st grade of high school in Māsāl before and after the Corona pandemic. The statistical population consisted of all female students in the 1st grade of high school in 2021-2022. Convenience sampling method was used and 250 students were chosen based on the Morgan table. Data collection instruments of this research included Goldberg General Health Questionnaire, the World Health Organization Quality of Life-BREF (WHOQOL-BREF), and Back Physical Activity Questionnaire. Data analysis was calculated by paired-sample t-test at the significance level of 0.05 by SPSS (version 22). The results showed that the average of physical activity among the students has decreased significantly since the pandemic compared to the past (p<0.01). Moreover, the average of general health and its components (physical symptoms, social function disorders, anxiety, and depression) as well as the average of life quality and its components (physical health, mental health, social relations, and environmental health) among the students has decreased significantly since the Corona pandemic (p<0.01; p<0.05). The obtained results emphasize on the significance of paying attention to the physical level, general health, and life quality of students after the Corona Period.

The aim of this study was to investigate the role of job insecurity during the Corona virus pandemic on the mental health of football schools coaches with the mediating role of financial well-being. The research method is descriptive survey. The statistical population of the study included all coaches working in football schools licensed in Golestan province in 2020, that main source of their income is employment in football schools (81 coaches) that the whole population was selected as a research sample. To collect research data, (Jung et al, 2020) job insecurity during the Corona virus pandemic questionnaire, (Choi et al, 2020) financial well-being questionnaire and (Warwick-Edinburgh, 2007) mental health questionnaire were used. The results showed that job insecurity during the Corona virus pandemic has a negative and significant effect on the financial well-being of football coaches. Also, the effect of job insecurity during the Corona virus pandemic on the mental health of football coaches was negative and significant. Another part of the research results showed that the effect of financial well-being on mental health is positive and significant. Finally, the results showed that the effect of job insecurity during the Corona virus outbreak on the mental health of football coaches with the mediating role of financial well-being is negative and significant. According to the results of the study, it can be concluded that job insecurity during the pandemic of the Corona virus can lead to problems for the mental health of football coaches by reducing financial well-being.

The purpose of this study was to compare the prevalence of injuries in the Iranian Football Premier League players before and after the outbreak of Coronavirus (COVID-19) through video analysis in the 2019-2020 season. The types of sports injuries were divided into acute and chronic categories based on the mechanism, and the injuries were analyzed by reviewing 143 videos from 239 matches. Prevalence, time of onset and affected area were recorded in a special sheet. According to the results, 219 injuries occurred before the outbreak of coronavirus and 276 injuries occurred after the outbreak of coronavirus. In the period before and after the outbreak of Corona virus, the lower limbs of the players (58/7%) were damaged more than other parts of their bodies. Also, the highest rate of injury occurred after the outbreak of coronavirus than before in the last minutes of the game (24/3%). Research Findings showed that the prevalence of injuries in Iranian Premier League football players in the post-outbreak period of Coronavirus increased due to home quarantine and closure of matches.

The outbreak of the corona virus has had a significant impact on the economic situation of sport, and professional football has not been immune to these effects. This article discusses the main effects of this crisis on professional football. To conduct this research, 32 research articles published in 2020 in the list of authoritative publications of the Ministry of Science and Google Scholar database related to the research topic were reviewed. Data were analyzed using qualitative content analysis. The results of this analysis indicate 13 categories of effects of this virus in football. These effects were collected in two main categories. The first category includes the negative effects of corona on football, including the effects of corona on players, referees, the right to television broadcasting of clubs and football clubs, and the importance of fans and the impact of empty stadiums on club economies and corona financial losses on football. The next category is the positive effects of the corona virus in football, which also includes the readiness of the clubs, the positive effects of the corona virus on the referees, the environment, the low probability of harm to spectators, innovation, increasing solidarity and entrepreneurship. The study also briefly discusses the effects of the Corona virus on Iranian football.

The purpose of this study was to Video analysis of sports injuries in the Iranian Football Premier League before and after the outbreak of the Corona virus in the 2019-2020 season. The video of 143 matches out of 239 matches of these games was reviewed by the researcher and the prevalence of injury, the mechanism of injury, the position of the injured player and the area of injury were recorded. According to the results, 219 injuries occurred before the outbreak of coronavirus and 276 injuries occurred after the outbreak of coronavirus. Findings showed that despite the significant increase in the amount of damage in the corona period compared to the previous period of the corona, there was no significant difference in the mechanism of injury, the area of injury and the position of the injured player, before and after the corona virus outbreak.

Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) is a public world crisis. The host's immune response to the virus depends on factors such as genetics, age, physical condition and its main receptor angiotensin-converting enzyme 2). As is generally the elderly, obese and type 2 diabetes with severe conditions encountered. On the other hand, exercise training modulates the immune system. During and after exercise, pro-inflammatory and anti-inflammatory cytokines are released and circulating lymphocytes increases. Exercise training reduces the incidence of disease, the severity of symptoms and mortality from viral infections. In this narrative review study, related articles from all databases including PubMed, ISI, Scopus and Google scholar were examined. Also, in the article search process, the keywords of Coronavirus, Covid-19, moderate-intensity exercise training, high-intensity exercise training and immune system were used. Various studies have reported suppression of the interferon type 1(IFN-I) response in COVID-19. In the severe disease conditions, storms of pro-inflammatory cytokines and lymphopenia occur. On the other hand, exercise training with moderate intensity strengthens the immune system and helps prevent infectious viral diseases. But high-intensity exercise training can have negative effects on the immune system, which reduces the function of the immune system and increases the risk of infectious diseases. Therefore, regular moderate-intensity exercise is considered as an aid tool for strengthening the immune system for coronavirus. More studies are needed on the role of exercise training on the immune system to against the coronavirus.

The aim of this study was to develop a framework for controlling and compensating for financial losses in the sports industry (Case study: prevalence Corona virus in Iran). The research method was a two-step exploratory combination of instrument making. In the qualitative section, using targeted sampling method and theoretical saturation technique, 18 experts in the field of sports management (to identify the framework of control strategies and compensation of financial losses in the sports industry. The tool used for Identifying the framework for controlling and compensating for financial losses in the sports industry, semi-structured interviews with focus groups (and document study). Linoleum and Guba evaluation methods were used to ensure the validity and reliability of the study. And in a small part, the research method was descriptive-survey the statistical population is studied by all sports specialists and economic and sports activists in the country. According to the sample size of Cochran in uncertain conditions, 384 people were considered as samples. To analyze the data, descriptive statistics and structural equation model were used to evaluate the suitability of the research model. The results of the research in the qualitative section showed that the three structural dimensions, the background dimension and the social and supportive dimension emerged as a framework for controlling and compensating for financial losses in the sports industry. And in the quantitative part, the relevant T-value of each factor has a significant effect and all the framework of control strategies and compensation of financial losses in the sports industry was approved. The results also showed that the research model has a good fit.

In times of crisis, a specific action plan to promote more resilient and sustainable sports can be considered a model for participatory governance in crisis management. The research purpose was to investigate participatory governance of coronavirus crisis management in small and medium sports businesses. The research method was mixed (qualitative-quantitative). The statistical population in the qualitative part included faculty members and university lecturers, managers and experts in the field of sports and in the quantitative part included faculty members and sports managers. In the qualitative part, 15 people were needed and in the quantitative part, between 5 and 10 subjects were needed for each question, so 320 people formed a statistical sample. The data collection tool in the qualitative section was semi-structured interview that the results of interviews were designed in the form of a questionnaire with 7 main factors. For content validity, expert’s opinion and construct validity (exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis) and combined reliability indicators, Cronbach's alpha, divergent and convergent validation and structural equation modeling were used by SPSS23 and PLS2 software. The fit index of model was reported 0.47 and results confirmed 7 main factors: Systematic approach, compensatory strategy, e-government, NGOs, policy-making of dealing with crisis, crisis governance and media support. Establishing a headquarter of returning to sports under the participatory governance of crisis management and using experienced researchers, managers, and knowledgeable experts are among the practical suggestions of research that can help resilience of sports businesses and reducing the effects of the crisis on them.

The purpose of this study was designing of a pedagogical model to implementation the goals of the physical education curriculum of schools during the Covid-19 pandemic. The present study was conducted using a qualitative method with an exploratory nature and in 3steps. In the first step, synthesis research method was used to extract the effective factors. The second step included distance interviews with 31 physical education (PE) teachers and PE group leaders, experts, and specialists of curriculum to enumerate more specialized and local factors. Finally, in the third step, a focus group consisting of experts was used to validating and designing the model. Cohen's kappa coefficient was 79%, which indicates the reliability of the research coding process. A total of 50 concepts and 10 main categories were extracted. Findings showed that goals, learner characteristics, Educational platforms and learning environment play a role as fixed and influential factors. In contrast, the elements of teacher, content, teaching methods, Educational materials, family and Assessment as available and flexible factors play a decisive role in students' learning. Finally, it is suggested that physical education teachers consider role of each of these elements, especially the characteristics of learner (individual, social, cultural, etc.), family, educational contexts (quality, facilities, etc), educational materials (suitability for learning environment, family level, etc) and learning environment in the educational plan process. It is also suggested that the Ministry of Education hold additional training courses focusing on content production, teaching and assessment methods in Virtual space.

The aim of this study was to develop a paradigm of improving the culture of sports at home during the outbreak of the coronavirus. The research method was qualitative. In this study, using targeted sampling method and theoretical saturation technique, 14 people were selected to identify the model of development of sports culture improvement at home at the time of the outbreak of coronavirus and interviews were conducted with them. Developing a culture of home improvement during the outbreak of coronavirus, semi-structured interviews) with focus groups (and study of documents. Linoleum and Guba evaluation methods were used to ensure the validity and reliability of the study. The paradigmatic model of this research is based on the paradigm model). Strauss and Corbin were designed in this model, causal conditions, individual factors, the attractiveness of the sport Awareness and awareness-raising processes are shown to improve the culture of exercise at home during the outbreak of coronavirus. Also contextual conditions, competitive factors, motivation for physical fitness, and excitement and feeling to have an approach to improving the culture of exercise at home during the outbreak of coronavirus. However, these conditions must be taken into account in order to be more successful in the implementation of this process.