جستجوی مقالات مرتبط با کلیدواژه "field" در نشریات گروه "تربیت بدنی"

Resistance training is a fundamental method for inducing muscle growth, enhancing functional capacity, and preventing injuries among athletes. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of an eight-week resistance training program on the performance progress of young sprint runners.

  This semi-experimental study involved the selection of 34 young runners who were then randomly assigned to either a training group or a control group. The exercise group underwent resistance training sessions for eight weeks. Parameters including absolute power, relative power, lower limb power, and 100m sprint records were analyzed. The Multivariate Analysis of Variance (MANCOVA) test was employed to compare the pre-test and post-test results of the two groups. Additionally, the correlated t-test was used to compare post-test results between the groups. The paired t-test was also utilized to compare pre-test and post-test results within the training group. All statistical analyses were conducted using SPSS version 26.

The findings revealed that the exercise group, which underwent resistance exercises with weights for eight weeks, experienced a significant improvement compared to the control group. Furthermore, factors such as absolute strength, relative strength, lower limb strength, and limb telemetry showed significant increases. Additionally, athletes in the training group achieved faster sprint records.

Resistance training promotes muscle hypertrophy, enhances power, and improves sprint records. Therefore, it can be concluded that athletes involved in track and field events utilize resistance training as part of their preparation to enhance performance and achieve record-breaking results.

By reason of higher expenditure on getting a medal at Paralympic games, an efficient method for utilizing resources on finding optimum talent identification and development (TID) system was always at scientific researches. To reach these purposes, the aim of this study was to validate physical fitness and anthropometric questionnaire for TID battery test of sitting throwers.

This study was standardizing descriptive design. 98 Iranian seated athletes (52 males and 46 female) filled out our questionnaire with 65 questions covered physical fitness (37 items) and anthropometrical (28 items) parts. Confirmatory factor analysis and Cronbach's Alpha were employed to evaluate the validity and reliability of this questionnaire. One sample T test was also used to check participation opinions about our questionnaire.

Our results showed that the questionnaire was valid (1.96 < T-value < -1.96) and reliable (Cronbach's Alpha > 0.7). Analysis also resulted that Paralympic athlete scores of physical fitness and anthropometric tests were higher than the desirable level.

Our findings with the purpose of reducing TID expenditure have implication in optimum identification and efficient selection of elite sitting throwers for administrators and managers of Paralympic sitting throwing events.

The purpose of the present research is the comparative study of the occupational motivation of the physical education and health staff in the armed forces based on Herzberg theory.  The method of study is descriptive and the research population included all the staff members working in the domain of track and field and Handball in the armed forces. All 33 members in the research population were chosen as the research sample. For data collection, two research-made questionnaires of personal information and a specialized questionnaire for setting motivational-sanitary priorities were used. The questionnaires were given to relevant experts for validation and also the reliability was measured by Cronbach’s alpha statistical method to be 0.88. The data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, Spearman correlation coefficient, Kolmogorov-Smirnov test, and independent t test. The results of the research indicate that in both track-and-field and Handball sports, commitment and responsibility in the workplace are of the highest occupational motivation. In terms of sanitation, the way of communication to others in the sport of track and field as well as occupational supervision in the sport of handball were among the most important cases while income and job security had the lowest sanitation priority. There was a correlation between motivational and sanitary factors in the significant level of 0.01 and a negative correlation of 0.05 was observed between education and sanitary and motivational factors at work. There was no significant difference between motivational factors in the sports of track and field and handball in the armed forces whereas a significant difference in the level of 0.05 was observed between sanitary factors in those two sport fields.

The present study aimed at investigating the relationship between mental toughness and competitive aggressiveness and anger of Iranian elite athletes.

The current study was a descriptive – correlational one. The participants of the study were the total number of track and field elite Iranian male and female athletes who were members of the national team in 2020. For this reason, the statistical sample was 100 elite athletes (18 to 30 years old) with an average age of (23.26 ± 4.120) in track and field discipline using available sampling (50 males, 50 females). To measure mental toughness and its component Sport Mental Toughness Questionnaire (SMTQ) of Sheard, Golby et al. has been applied, and Maxwell & Moores’s Competitive Aggressiveness and Anger Scale (CAAS) has been used to measure competitive aggressiveness and anger. The collected data has been analyzed by means of Spearman's ranking correlation coefficient.

The results of the correlation revealed a negative and significant relationship between the overall score of competitive aggressiveness and anger with the overall score of mental toughness and subscales of constancy and control as well as the overall score of mental toughness and aggressiveness subscale of competitive aggressiveness and anger (p < 0.05). In addition, the relationship between the overall score of competitive aggressiveness and anger with the control component of mental toughness is stronger than all relationships.

Overall, according to the findings it can be considered that track and field athletes with higher mental toughness experience lower competitive aggressiveness and anger.

The present study aimed at comparing competitive aggressiveness and anger and mental toughness of Iranian male and female elite track and field athletes.

The current study was a causal-comparative one. The participants of the study were the total number of Iranian elite track and field athletes who were members of the national team in 2020. For this reason, the statistical sample was 100 elite track and field athletes (18 to 30 years old) with an average age of (23.26 ± 4.120) using available sampling (50 females). To measure competitive aggressiveness and anger Competitive Aggressiveness and Anger Scale (CAAS) of Maxwell & Moores has been applied, and Sheard, Golby et al.’s Sport Mental Toughness Questionnaire (SMTQ) has been used to measure mental toughness. The collected data has been analyzed by means of Mann–Whitney U test.

The results of the study revealed a significant difference between male and female track and field athletes in the overall score of mental toughness and its subscale of constancy as well as the overall score of competitive aggressiveness and anger and its anger component. However, there was no significant difference between male and female athletes in the components of confidence and control of the mental toughness variable and aggressiveness subscale of the competitive aggressiveness and anger (p

In the pursuit of success in the world, Iran track and field requires to use a single and well-codified talent identification system. The present study aimed to design a model for Iran track and field talent identification. The research methodology was qualitative in the form of three stages. The first stage involved the content analysis of researches on talent identification. The second stage was semi-structured interviews with the convenience sampling method until theoretical saturation with 16 experts, coaches and the secretaries of the track and field talent identification committee of Education Ministry and Track and Field Federation. The third stage of the Delphi approach was conducted in three rounds with 13 interviewees. In the third round of Delphi method, the 7-stage Iran track and field talent identification model was approved: children are introduced by their parents and sport teachers from the age of 8 and progress to maturity and championship up to the age of 20. Also, this model of talent identification illustrates the development of an athlete through 12 years of codified training. Given the importance of this sport, Track and Field Federation managers and authorities are suggested to use this model for talent identification and talent direction to reach more success in this sport field.

The aim of this study was to develop the model of those factors influencing the attraction of sponsors of Iran track and field. This study was applied in terms of objectives and a descriptive survey in terms of data collection which was conducted as a field. A researcher-made questionnaire was used to collect data based on the 5-point Likert scale. To check the validity of the questionnaire, the primary version was distributed among 8 sport management professors and the final version was developed using their viewpoints. In descriptive statistics, frequency tables and measures of central tendency (mean) and dispersion indexes (variance and standard deviation) were used and inferential statistics included one-sample t test, Friedman test and correlation test using SPSS. AMOS software with confirmatory factor analysis was used to examine construct validity. The results showed that media and spectators, governmental, management-organizational, sociocultural and economic factors played the most important role in attracting sponsors of Iran track and field. Finally, given the identification and role of the above mentioned factors, the Ministry of Sport and Youth and Track and Field Federation can act to attract sponsors and meet their expectations.

The aim of this study was to provide a new model for a new model for predicting 200, 400, 800, 1500, and 5000 m running records on the Fox & Matthews energy systems in young men. Fifty active young men (mean ± SD age of 18.11 ± 1.98 years, Height: 171.89 ± 3.27 cm, BMI: 21.11 ± 1.76 kg/m2, VO2max: 51.08 ± 3.67 ml/kg/min) are purposefully selected and were
randomly divided into 5 groups. 100 and 10,000 meters records of all subjects were measured in two separate sessions at least with an interval of 72 hours. Then the subject’s 200, 400, 800, 1500, 5000 m running times in each group were recorded with an interval of 72 hours. Finally, the records were calculated using the equations based on Fox & Matthews energy systems. Bland-Altman graphical plots as well as the intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) statistical tests were used to evaluate the absolute agreement of the methods. The results showed predictive equations have high agreement with the criterion model (200 m ICC= 0.85, 400 m ICC= 0.83, 800 m ICC= 0.86, 1500 m ICC=0.89 and 500 m ICC=0.81). According to the results of this study it can be concluded that the new model for predicting 200, 400, 800, 1500, and 5000 m running records can be used as a practical tool for predicting of distance running records among track and field athletes.

The purpose of this study was to determine the relationship between dimensions of goal orientation (task-orientation, self-orientation) and the competitive anxiety of track and field athletes. This study utilized a correlational descriptive research method. The statistical population consisted of all track and field athletes of Kerman city who participated in the national championship in 2016, totaling 72 people selected as the study sample. The regression analysis results showed that only task-orientation can predict competitive anxiety. The findings also showed that a significant relationship exists between self-orientation and task-orientation with competitive anxiety. The degree of competitive anxiety of female athletes was higher compared to males. In general, regarding the findings of this and similar studies, in selecting athletes to participate in sports competitions, goal orientation and their level of competitive anxiety should be considered

Aim of this study identifies and ranking the barriers to development of Track and Field in Markazi Province and offering strategy based on network analysis process (ANP). Statistical population and samples was 100 experts. Data collection was a researcher- made questionnaire, to identify obstacles and solutions from the process prioritizing network analysis and TOPSIS was used. The validity and reliability of questionnaire of the ratio of validity content (CVR) was used. The ANP will have the following order of priority as the main barriers were identified: facilities and resources, organizational and managerial, social and cultural, media and advertising. Based on the results of this study, the most important of the sub-criteria were as follows: lack of coach and expert in the Province, weak precedent of Track and Field, lack of tendency in industrial factories to invest over Track and Field and lack of standard and equipped Track and Field resort. In the next step, strategies are detected. The most important ones are obtained using TOPSIS which are: Attracting coaches and sport managers , attracting industrial sponsor , use of specialist trainers to discover talents in the elementary ages, create professional club, Providing equipment and facilities.

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of Coaches Leadership styles on athletes Satisfaction In Iranian Track and field Pro League. For this purpose Chelladurai & Saleh leadership in sport Scale (1980) and Rimer & Chelladurai (1998) athletes Satisfaction questionnaires were used. Statistical Society of the study includes Athletes in Iranian track and field Premier League Consists of 224 athletes that 144 Person According to Morgan, using simple random sampling Selected as a Statistical sample of the research. To analyze the data and identify the effects of research variables, Structural equation modeling by using LISER 8.8 Software was used. The Findings showed that, the effect of training and instruction (=β0.45, t=3.22) and Autocratic (=β -0.46, t= -2.23) leadership styles on athletes Satisfaction has a significant effect. The Findings, moreover, showed that the effect of democratic (=β0.36, t=0.94), social support (=β -0.52, t= -0.66), and positive feedback (=β 0.55, t= 0.80) leadership styles on athletes Satisfaction was not significant. Based on results of the research can be expressed with regard to the role of athletes satisfaction in individual success of athlete and team performance, using the appropriate leadership style to improve the athletes satisfaction is necessary from the coaches.

The main aim of the present study was to examine the effect of field-independent and field-dependent cognitive styles on learning an aiming task in closed and open environments based on fuzzy and classic logics. 60 male students with an age range of 16-17 were assigned to four groups (each group 15 subjects): field-independent with classic approach, field-dependent with classic approach, field-independent with fuzzy approach and field-dependent with fuzzy approach. Participants in each group had basketball pass test in both open and closed environments. The acquisition phase consisted of six sessions and 60 trials in 6 blocks of 10 trials were performed in each session. The transfer test was conducted one day and retention test was carried out one week after the acquisition phase. The results of this study indicated a significant difference between field-independent and field-dependent with classic approach in both closed and open environments, and field-independent participants had a better performance during all stages of the test (acquisition, retention, and transfer). But, no significant differences were observed between field-independent and field-dependent with fuzzy approach. However, the comparison of means indicated that field-independent participants had better performance in closed environments, and, field-dependent participants had better performance in open environments.

The purpose of current investigation is studding of talent identification factors and education talent development on the track & field's athletes in Iran by views of experts, coaches and athletes.
The descriptive research method was used in current research. The number of 150 experts, coaches and athletes were recruited in this research. The number of 6 variables and 45 options form questioner were applied in statistical analysis. Reliability of questioner was examined and the result shows the high in reliability (Cronbach's alpha test: 0.82). For data analysis KS, binomial, one sample t-test and the Friedman test were used. SPSS software was applied for statistical analysis.The result of statistical analysis has been shown significant effect and intervention by one sample t-test and binomial test in 6 factors: Knowledge and understanding, How to attract and identify, Quality of track and equipment, Role of the Athletics Federation and council, Coaches and sponsors role.
Given the importance of the athletics federation and sponsors role in the talent Identification and talent education on the track & field's athletes in Iran, these factors may play an vital role.

Olympic Games as the greatest sport event are of the most importance value for nations. The purpose of this study was to evaluate and analyze the place of Iranian athletes that participated inOlympic Games (1948- 2012). Research method was descriptive- analytic and retrospective. Statistical Society was all Iranian athletes (N=584) participated in 15 periods of summer Olympic games. Information of research was collected from Olympic Games site. For analysis of data, descriptive and inferential (K-S, person and kurscalvalis test) statistic were used. Results showed that wrestling, weight lifting and taekwondo according to mean rank had first to three ranks. Significant relationship was between acquired all medals and number of participated athletes (p<0/01 r=. 434 0/0)as well. Between numbers of men athletes participants and total medal acquired also were significant relationship (p<0/01 r=. 446 0/0), In respect of this matter, it is important that Iranian sports officials consider further medalist Olympic disciplines, Specially pay attention to women's sports and athletics and swimming courses. And also they should try to send more athletes in numerous sports teams.

The purpose of this study was to determine and study the factors development of athletics track and field country. The study sample consisted of 120 individuals consisting of 40 experts, 40 coaches and 40 athletes. Measuring instruments was the researcher-made questionnaire consists of seven main variables (labor, hardware equipment, talent, techniques, management, education and research, and motivation).Sport management professors confirmed the validity of the questionnairesand the reliability of the questionnaires were determined =83 in pilot study. The collected data were analyzed by descriptive and inferential statistics such as Kolmogorov–Smirnov test (KS), Analysis of variance (ANOVA) and the Kruskal- Wallis test at a significance level of p ≤. /05. The results showed that experts respectively; talent, management, staffing, hardware equipment, procedures, training and research and Motivation, Coaches, respectively; management, motivation, talent, methods, equipment, hardware, training, research and manpower and Athletes, respectively; hardware equipment, personnel, procedures, training and research, motivation, talent management have been effective for promotion of the sport Athletics Championships. The results showed that the views of experts, coaches and athletes on the track & field championship level, there are significant differences.