جستجوی مقالات مرتبط با کلیدواژه « sport event » در نشریات گروه « تربیت بدنی »

The purpose of this study was to determine the validity and reliability of the image of sports events’ host city .

The research follows a descriptive survey approach and is practical in terms of purpose. The statistical population of the study consisted of university students from whom 400 people were selected through the stratified random sampling method. For collecting the data, Boyon and Zhang's (2010) 21-item questionnaire, which had 5 components of city infrastructure, attractions, money value, traveling pleasure, and revisiting, was used. The method of scoring items was based on the 5-point Likert scale (from totally disagree to totally agree). The face and content validity of the questionnaire was confirmed by the sport management professors after translating it to Persian. Descriptive statistics were used to describe the data, Cronbach's alpha was used to determine the internal consistency, and confirmatory factor analysis was utilized to determine the construct validity using SPSS and AMOS software.

The findings of the research showed the internal consistency of the questionnaire for the image of sports events’ host city. Regarding the construct validity, it was found that all of the items had a significant relationship with the components and could be good predictors of them. Good fitness indices also confirmed the fitness of the model. Additionally, regarding the relationship of components with the concept of the image of sports events’ host city, the results showed that all components could be good predictors of the said concept.

The purpose of this study was to investigate futures studies in Iran's sport economy (a case study of sport events).

The statistical population of the study consisted of specialists and management professors and sports economics that had scientific and executive experience. The sampling method was snowball, which after an interview with 12 researcher reached theoretical saturation. Finally, the data obtained from the interviews were analyzed by data method and analyzed through three stages of open, axial and selective coding. Analysis was made. To verify the validity of the data, the codes were provided to one encoder and also to four interviewees who confirmed the findings.

The findings indicated that in the coding stage, 1307 symbols were identified which were classified in terms of conceptual similarity in nine concepts.

In general, in order to achieve the development of the sports economy, we must interpret and track the past and present of the sports economy by creating an accurate analysis of the future picture of the country's national sport using future education, innovation and education, as well as by increasing social participation. In future studies, using competition creation, leadership and investment, the epistemic and ethical foundations of future studies of the country's sport economy are designed and managed through great sporting events and the analysis of opportunities and threats to a successful and dynamic economy in the field. Exercise our country.

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the feasibility of designing and implementing marketing software in sporting events to investigate the financial, technical, human, legal, operational and schedule aspects of the study. The feasibility questionnaire was prepared with 40 items in 6 dimensions: financial, technical, human, legal, operational and scheduling. Its reliability was assessed by Cronbach's alpha test and content validity of the questionnaire by 5 professors of sport management (using CVI and CVR indices). The statistical population of this research is 270 sport managers and experts and software designers in Ardabil city. Sampling was categorical random and the sample size was estimated 154 according to Cochran formula. The research findings showed that the human aspect of marketing software in Ardebil sport events is confirmed but technical, legal, financial, operational and scheduling aspects of marketing software in Ardebil province is not confirmed. According to the results, the design and implementation of sports event marketing software in Ardabil province is not evaluated positively and it is necessary to consider the possible obstacles and ways of investigating it before to design it.

The purpose of this study was to examining the barriers affecting the admission and observance of environmental policies and regulations in sport. The present research was mix method research that carried out in qualitative and quantitative methods. The statistical population of the study included elites and experts in the field of sport and environment. The sampling method was purposeful. For this purpose, 12 elites and experts were selected as the sample of the study. The instrument for collecting this research was a semi-structured interview and a researcher-made questionnaire. In the quantitative analysis have been used Structural Equation Method with PLS approach and Electre method and use of Solver Electre method. The qualitative research results showed that 21 effective Micro barrier were obtained for the admission and observance of environmental policies and regulations in sport through interviews, which were categorized in 5 categories of economic, political, cultural, technical and legal barriers. Regarding the results of the method of Electre, it has been determined that a legal barrier with an overloading number of 4 is the most important barrier to the adherence and observance of environmental laws and policies in sport. Also, technical barriers with the number of overtakes were another important obstacle in admitting and observing environmental regulations and policies in sport. Also, technical barriers with the number of overtakes were another important obstacle in admitting and observing environmental laws and policies in sport.

The present study aimed at identifying and ranking the perceived effects of Chokheh wrestling sport event from the viewpoints of spectators. The research method was mixed and qualitative research method was used to identify the effects of holding Chokheh wrestling and quantitative research method was used to assess the importance and ranking of factors and components. The statistical population in the qualitative section consisted of directors, deputies and experts from Sport and Youth general office of Razavi and Northern Khorasan provinces, Cultural Heritage, Handicrafts and Tourism general office of Razavi and Northern Khorasan provinces, Sport and Youth offices in Razavi and Northern Khorasan provinces, Wrestling Committee of Razavi and Northern Khorasan provinces, Rural Sport and Local and Native Games Committee in Razavi and Northern Khorasan provinces, and the population in the quantitative section consisted of Chokheh wrestling spectators that were present in the competition of 3 April 2019 in the traditional pit of Zeinal Khan spring in Esfarayen city. The statistical sample included 28 subjects in the qualitative section and 384 subjects in the quantitative section. Semi-structured interviews and a researcher-made questionnaire were used for data collection and Friedman test was used to analyze the data in the inferential statistics. The results showed that recreational-tourism, cultural, social, political, environmental and economic factors were the most important effects of Chokheh wrestling event; therefore, managers, officials, planners and organizers should consider these variables as important effects of Chokheh wrestling in hosting communities.

The study is to examine the role of sport in promotion of patriotic sense that has been done in exploratory mixed method in Khuzestan province. In order to identify the role of sport in the first part of the research, semi structured qualitative interviews with experts was used and based on achieved results, the conceptual model of research was designed and sport role's questionnaire was designed. After confirmation of its validation, in second section (quantities' section), conceptual model of research was examined. Statistical population of this research was all individuals living in Khuzestan Province between 15 to 65 years old (N = 4853000). 400 questionnaires in five cluster of Khuzestan province were distributed and at all 322 questionnaires of them were used for analysis. Structural equation was used for data analysis. Findings showed the effect of sport on patriotic sense. Four factors were identified as sport's roles which included presence, performance, and atmosphere and participate in managing sport events and among these factors, the atmosphere around sport events played greater roles. Research findings express the social capacity of sport can have valuable achievements for our country.

The aim of the current study was to investigate satisfaction and the perceived service quality and intent to return in sport tourists of a sport event. This study was descriptive correlation conducted as a field. The statistical sample consisted of 350 tourists who attended the national competitions of a traditional wrestling in Esfarayen city. Shonk (2006) questionnaire was used to collect data. Confirmatory factor analysis was used to determine the construct validity of the questionnaire and Cronbach’s alpha coefficient was applied to determine the reliability of different sections of the questionnaire. Kolmogorov – Smirnov test was used to determine the normality of the data distribution. Pearson correlation coefficient was used to determine the relationship among variables and structural equation modeling (SEM) was used to provide the model and explain the relationship between dependent and independent variables using LISREL software. The results showed that contest quality, access quality and place quality respectively had the highest effect on satisfaction and intent to return in sport event tourists. Presenting sport tourism service quality model can offer guidelines for managers who intend to benefit most from sport tourism events.

Inference in studies is the result of measurement and measurement is possible by scale and instrumentation. Therefore, reliable and valid measurement tools can ensure accurate and reliable conclusions. In this regard, this research has been validated by the International Sporting Events Branding Questionnaire. A questionnaire with 71 questions, 22 sub-domains and 6 domains was arranged by extracting the data and refining them. CVR Index was evaluated for all questions. Exploratory Factor Analysis for Convergent and Differential Validity and Verifiable Analysis for Determining Structural Validity. The findings showed that all questions of the questionnaire had a good correlation and obtained the quorum of attendance in the questionnaire. Thus, the convergence of variables in each factor as well as the differentiation of factors was confirmed. Also, the verified model validated the structure's validity. Therefore, according to the results of the research, it can be noted that the above questionnaire is valid and suitable for evaluation and research for the promotion of sports events.

The purpose of this research was to design the model of factor affecting the managers' behavior to confront attacks of terrorist groups in sporting events. Statistical population of this study included all of the faculty members of physical education colleges in sport management field, large, medium and small sports facilities managers, police and security specialists in Iran that their numbers were unclear. On the basis of Cochran formula, 384 persons were randomly selected of research samples. To achieve the research goals, the made researcher questionnaire was used. Validity of questionnaire was confirmed by 20 experts, and its structural validity was confirmed by confirmatory factor analysis. Its reliability was studied in a pilot study with 30 subjects and calculated as 0.79. For data analysis the descriptive statistics and inferential statistics methods, including Kolmogorov- Smirnov, KMO, Bartlet test, exploratory factor analysis with Varimax rotation and confirmed factor analysis by application of AMOS software and SPSS software were used. Research findings showed that there are 8 factors such as information, security, preparation, coordination, technology, management, education and citizenship rights for the model of factor affecting the managers' behavior to confront attacks of terrorist groups in sporting events. Also the achievement model is goodness.

The gap in sports industry main the difference between customers' expectations and their perceptions of the real situation. Basic steps to bridging these gaps are to identify current situation and desired status and amount of the gap. The aim of this study is to identify the current situation, the ideal situation, and the gaps in the sports industry in terms of hosting major sporting events. a combination of quantitative and qualitative research method was followed to identify the gap factors. To find out qualitative data a Simi- structure interwove with 16 member and for quantitative data 120 member of sports manager of sports federations, Olympic committee, sports ministry and sport management masters were conducted, then 120 gap analysis questionnaires for quantitative data used. The questionnaire validity was confirmed by 25 of the sports management and measurement reliability Cronbach's alpha was 0.76. Delphi method was used for analyzing qualitative data. For quantitative data, descriptive statistics, mean, SD, analysis of variance and t-test was used. Friedman test was used to rank the factors and identify the gaps. The resulting analysis of data indicates that the current situations are the Social dimension, operational, legal, financial, marketing, science and technology and environmental conditions. Main gaps were identified in the knowledge and technology dimensions. To improve the gap some indications proposed

The purpose of present research is to compar sport marketing in summer and winter Olympic games ( 1996 – 2004 ). Research method was library studies, applicative and descriptive. The results showed an increase in fianciad summer and winter Olympic between 1996 – 2004, whit a descending range aften this period. The number of sponsors had descended in summer Olympics, increased and then had descended in winter Olympics. Number of sponsor partners had increased unperceptibly and then had left without change.The sell ticket program had risen and then  experienced a descending process in summer Olympic, but continued increasing process in winter Olympic.The broadcasting rights continued increase process.At first, licensing revenue had descended process then increased in summer Olympic, but continued increase process in winter Olympics.Total Olympic marketing rvenue and distribution of Olympic family revenues had continued increasing process. Broadcasting rights looks the most profitable marketing indicator in Olympic games. Global audience continued increasing process in summer & winter Olympics, however it shows unperceptible decreased in Athens 2004 only.

This study aimed to investigating the impact of social interaction and team member exchange on sport event volunteer management. Research method was descriptive-survey and applies studies field. Statistical population included all volunteers in thirteenth sport-cultural Olympiad students of universities (200). According to number of hidden variables, the minimum sample size is 120 that through random sampling, 128 volunteers were selected. A translated questionnaire Kim et al (2016) was used for data collection. The content validity of the questionnaire was confirmed by experts. Also, its reliability was calculated by using Cronbach's alpha and composite reliability. To analyze the data and model of structural equation modeling PLS and SPSS software is used. Results showed that team member exchange had positive effect on word-of- mouth intention. Also, relation between member exchange with intention to re-participate and word-of- mouth intention was significant. Finally, the results showed that there is meaningful relation between social interaction and team member exchange, but there is no meaningful relation between social interaction and intention to re-participate. Therefore, according to results, it can be said that, student sport authorities, should spend more time for studying the impact of social interaction between volunteers and interaction of volunteers as the main variable in volunteer management for re-participate and recommending to participate in sport events.

The aim of this study was to identify and prioritize risks of sport universities Olympiads according to cost, time and quality via fuzzy multi-criteria decision-making techniques to raise awareness of these risks is the host community. The method of research was survey and data collected via mixed methods (qualitative and quantitatve). Managers and enforcement agents that have held hosting sport Olympiads games were population of this research. 35 persons was selected as targeted sampling. In this research first, interm of reviews of literature and interviews, risk factors were identified and later the questionnaire has been designed. The content validity of questionnaire confirmed by 10 specialists and reliability verified by Cronbach’s alpha (0.92) respectively. The results showed managerial factors, financial have most important risks in university Olympiads. Also political-security and facilities risks are effective and managerial factors, financial and juridical risks are impressible. Since there isn’t a preventive approach in athlete olymiads management and managers are looking for short term solutions, so viewpoint to risk management of this projects should be strategic.

The purpose of this study Affective factors analyze in hosting sport major events of Urmia city based on Porter's model of competitive advantage. Research Method was descriptive-correlation. The population for this study consists of students and graduates in physical education. Among these patients, 208 were selected as the sampling method. The research instrument consisted of a questionnaire (Cronbach's alpha coefficient of 0.87) with 38 questions is evaluated about the factors that influence in competitive advantage of Urmia in hosting sport events. In this research, snowball sampling method was used. For analyze of Data were used from the test exploratory factor analysis (rotated Varimax ). All data were analyzed with using spss software at a significance level of p ≤ 0.05. The results of factor analysis showed that 78.08 % of total variance explained by the factors extracted as follows : hardware and sources of support (23.25 %) , political - communication factors (20.24 %) , software index (16.78 %) , Core resources and attractions (9.56 %) , social factors (8.25%). Each of these factors according to the important, weakness and strength than competing cities require investment, planning, and management and attention.

The aim of study was to investigate Iran sport stadiums atmosphere in sport events with most spectators. Research method was descriptive and survey. The statistical population consisted of spectators of those leagues with most spectators (football, wrestling, volleyball) in 2014-2015 season. 400 subjects were selected based on purposive sampling method. Revised Questionnaire of Sport Stadiums Atmosphere by Chen et al. (2013) was used. Its content validity was approved by 15 sport management experts and its reliability was confirmed by Cronbach's alpha (α=0.74). Descriptive and inferential statistic (K-S, Friedman, Kruskal-Wallis and Pearson test) were used. Results showed that 'stadium facilities' had the highest mean (6.67) and 'electronic equipment' had the lowest mean (1.28). 'Entertainment' (242.67) had the highest place and 'spectators' behavior' (150.18) had the lowest place in football. 'Spectators' behavior' had the highest and 'stadium facilities' had lowest place in wrestling. 'Spectators' enthusiasm' had the highest and 'entertainment' had the lowest place in volleyball. The highest relationship existed between stadium facilities and electronic equipment. It is concluded that policymakers should try to strengthen the components of sport stadiums atmosphere in order to establish a positive atmosphere in the stadiums of sports event with most spectators.

The purpose of this study is to predict of Asian countries results in Olympic Games based on their performance at the Asian Games. For evaluating the performance of countries at Asian games are considered three variables including ranking، number of gold medals and total number of medals. The population was all Asian countries participating in Olympic and Asian Games (N=43). All the population selected as sample and their results were analyzed. For collecting data، reliable Sources were used and for ensuring data accuracy، data were examined through several sources. Any period of Asian Games was considered a prediction of next Olympic Games (the Olympic Games will be held two years later). Also، In order to evaluate and compare the descriptive data، Researchers used descriptive statistics and for analyzing inferential data used Kolmogorov-Smirnov، Pearson correlation coefficient and regression tests in SPSS software and significant level p≤0/05. Results showed that there is a significant and positive relationship between ranking of Asian countries in Olympic Games and their ranking in Asian Games، the number of gold medals won in Olympic and Asian games and total number of medals won in Olympics and Asian games. Also، number of gold medals and total number of medals won in Asian Games can predict the number of gold medals and total number of medals won in the Olympic Games. Asian countries must invest more in Asian Games to improve their performance in Olympic Games.

The aim of this research was to predicit organizational commitment by satisfaction factors of volunteers in sport. The method applied in this research was descriptive – correlation. The statistical population consisted of all volunteers participating in the 10th culture-sport Iran university Olympiad for male and female university students. Due to the low statistical population، the sample equaled the population (N=n=120). The required data were collected by the demorgaphic questionnaire، volunteer satisfaction questionnaire (Mallaee et al.، 2010) and organizational commitment questionnaire (Allen and Meyer، 1997). The face and content validity of the questionnaires were confirmed by an expert university panel. Cronbach''s alpha coefficent was used to test the reliability of the satisfaction and organizational commitment questionnaires (α=0. 92) in a pilot study. The research data were analyzed by descriptive and inferential statistics. The research hypotheses were tested by regression analysis and Friedman test. The results showed that the mean of organizational commitment and satisfaction of volunteers was 3. 66+0. 64 and 3. 79+0. 49 respectively. Also، the results showed that volunteers'' satisfaction factors were prioritized as satisfaction from acquiring experience، social، purposive، commitment، career، material، enhancement and protective. Furthermore، regression analysis showed that four factors of satisfaction from commitment، protective، career and material explanined 57% of variance of organizational commitment (F(4،115) =37. 164، P=0. 001، R2=0. 57). The managers of volunteering affairs and sport event authorities are recommended to pay attention to the effectiveness of satisfaction factors and organizational commitment and with regard to the recognized priorities of satisfaction and organizational commitment factors، to design and perform the plans of volunteer management so that volunteers'' satisfaction and their organizational commitment can increase.

The aim of this research was to study the effect of horse racing sport event on the development of sport tourism with an emphasis on income and employment in Golestan province. The research was a descriptive survey and the statistical sample consisted of 195 subjects. For data analysis, descriptive and inferential statistics (chi-square test) were used. Statistical calculations were performed using SPSS 18 software. The results showed a significant relationship between capacity of sport tourism in Golestan province and hosting horse racing traditional event (P<0.01, X²=86.112), between capacity to host horse racing sport event and development of sport tourism (P<0.01, X²=82.465), between capacity to host horse racing sport event and tourist attraction (P<0.01, X²=77.321), between hosting horse racing sport event and employment increase (P<0.01, X²=62.512), between hosting horse racing traditional event and income increase (P<0.01, X²=63.866) of Golestan residents and between capacity to host horse racing sport event and recreational and sport facilities increase (P<0.01, X²=68/371) from the participants' viewpoints.

Today, sports tourism has turned into one of the important trade and economic strategies for income, employment and infrastructure development for most countries. The aim of this study was to investigate the viewpoints of the tourism experts, physical education experts and sport tourists on the effects of the development of sport tourism on employment and income in Golestan province. Statistical population consisted of 217 subjects (53 tourism experts, 90 physical education experts and 74 sport tourists). This study was a descriptive survey and a researcher-made questionnaire was used to collect data (α=0.83). For data analysis, descriptive and inferential statistics (chi-square test) were used. Statistical calculations were performed using SPSS software. The results showed a significant relationship between sport tourism development and an increase in income (P<0.01, X²=185.9) and between sport tourism development and employment (P<0.01, X²=135.6).

The aim of this study was to investigate motivationg and deterring factors of tourism in sport events.
The research method was a descriptive and survey type. The sample of the study included 319 tourists of national football team matches. The data were collected using the Wimbledon questionnaire. The validity of this questionnaire was approved by 10 professors of Guilan university and 10 experts in tourism. It had a previously proven reliability of 86% using the Chronbach's Alpha. The research data were analyzed by Binomial tests (p≤0.05).
The findings indicated that socialization, entertainment and relaxation (push factors) were the most effective factors in tourists’ attendance in sport events from the tourist and fans point of view. Personal problems, financial problems and risks (deterrent factors) were the most effective factors in tourists for not attending sport events.
It is suggested that to enhance the participation of the tourist's attendance in the sport events, their motivational factors must be identified thoroughly and also there must be a good informing system about attractions of the event, and financial costs, safety problems, and health problems must be minimized.