جستجوی مقالات مرتبط با کلیدواژه « امنیت شهری » در نشریات گروه « جغرافیا »

The review of the research projects that have explored the evaluation and mapping of urban security vulnerability shows that this issue has various dimensions and is affected by spatial, social, and economic factors and these dimensions are determined through factors such as land use combination, street connectivity, infrastructure and demographic and social data.

In this research, after identifying the indicators related to the topic, the data related to them were collected at the level of localities in 22 districts of Tehran. Then it was used through the F'ANP method, which is a multi-criteria evaluation method for building composite indices.

The results of this research, which is the result of the combination of 14 indicators in 354 neighborhoods of Tehran, show that five main components can be identified in the construction of the urban security vulnerability composite index, which are: risk and threat level (at risk), economic activity density, total unemployment composition, traffic nodes, and dependent population.

The spatial distribution of these components at the level of neighborhoods in Tehran shows that the components of risk/threat level and traffic nodes have a north-central distribution. The components of economic activity density, the composition of total unemployment, and the dependent population are cluster components. In total, the highest values of urban security vulnerability were in central areas 11 and 12 and northern area 1 of Tehran, and the lowest values were related to northeastern areas 3 and 4 of Tehran.

Many researchers believe that in order to achieve urban security and better understand the areas related to security, its two conceptual and interpretive aspects, including the field of security philosophy, ontology and epistemology should be examined. Obviously, it is not possible to define a phenomenon such as urban security without understanding the concepts, because it must be seen to what extent the phenomenon is consistent with our feelings. In this area, issues such as why, what, value, purpose and the issue of security in the general sense and urban security in the specific sense should be addressed. In this regard, it is necessary to consider the dimensions and elements of research in the field of urban security. Many researchers divide the dimensions and elements of research into three general categories: philosophical elements, praxis and ethics. Undoubtedly, along with the requirements of using philosophical elements as well as ethics in the process of urban security studies, a special role should be considered for praxis and its place in these studies. At the praxis level, four elements of research are mentioned, including theory, methodology, methods and genre. Many believes that the failure to achieve acceptable results in the field of urban security studies depends on the lack of attention to the basic concepts of praxis and its subsets. A review of the literature and research background in this field indicates a deep research gap in the field of concept and methodology, so that no specific source explicitly mentions the field and position of praxis independently. Thus, the purpose of this article is to explain the position of praxis in urban security studies in order to provide a reasoned answer to these key questions: what is the meaning of praxis? What are its elements? And how its implementation and operational practices can be achieved in urban security studies.

Due to the nature of the research, the literature review method, including searching and evaluating the existing literature on the position of praxis in urban security studies has been used. In this regard, four main processes include reviewing the literature, combining and summarizing the existing literature, critical collection of resources in order to identify the existing knowledge gap by showing the limitations of theories and views; the formulation of areas for further research through organized critical review has also been emphasized. In the research process, various methods of literature review including argumentative, integrative, historical, methodological, systematic and theoretical review studied, but two methods of methodological and theoretical review used.

The elements and dimensions of research, including philosophical elements, ethics and praxis, each have important differences that affect in the research process of urban security studies. Different situations of axiology, ontology, epistemology and methodology produce different methods that ultimately lead to the production of knowledge about social phenomena. It can simply be said that the axiological or ontological position of each person, affects his epistemological position. In each of the dimensions and elements of the research praxis in the field of urban security studies, several spectrums can be identified. For example, the ontology of urban security research takes meaning of objectivism and subjectivism, or a combination of both, or in the field of methodology, the quantitative (positivist), qualitative (interpretivism), or both quantitative and qualitative methods (pragmatism). Researchers in the field of urban security studies need to pay special attention to the functional differences of each under the element of praxis.

According to each of the elements and dimensions of research in the field of urban security studies, while paying attention to the philosophical elements, ethics and praxis, it is possible to identify its most important subsets. In this regard, explaining the position of praxis and its constituent elements, including theory, methodology, method and genre or species, have a special place in urban security studies. Theory in urban security studies by providing a theoretical and conceptual framework of research provides a logical procedure and clear definitions of variables to provide a certain scope of research. In methodology, the urban researcher intends to provide a plan for combining theories and methods or an optimal combination of research elements in the field of urban security studies. Methods in the field of urban security studies are also a set of algorithms that the researcher uses during a research. These methods assist the researcher in selecting samples, collecting and analyzing data, and finding solutions. Genres are also classifications of different methods in terms of research approaches and strategies. For example, any approach to research in urban security studies depends specifically on the methods of data collection and analysis that must be carefully selected and implemented. Accordingly, the field of urban security studies, based on the idea of praxis requires the interaction of elements such as theory, methodology, method and genre and its connection with philosophical and ethics elements is inevitable.

Physical security in residential areas and neighborhoods has led to an increase in the quantitative and qualitative level of well-being and provides the basis for the formation of residents' interaction in the urban environment. However, usually in urban environments, sustainable housing plays the greatest role in increasing and realizing physical security. In this regard, the aim of this research is to investigate and analyze the indicators of sustainable housing and their role in the realization and promotion of physical security in the neighborhoods of the 17th district of Tehran metropolis. The research method in this study is descriptive-analytical and practical in terms of purpose. The method of data collection was done in the library and field, and the sampling was purposeful, and 20 urban specialists and experts were selected for questioning. Weighting and determining the value of subjective indicators (33 sub-indices in 6 categories of equitable distribution of residential services, efficient transportation, vitality, healthy environment, fair housing, and dynamic cultural heritage) and objective (14 sub-indices in 3 categories of design-architecture, technical indicators - Engineering and accessibility), using the methods of pairwise comparisons and fuzzy AHP, and the desirability of each of the indicators and their role in physical security, separated by localities, are displayed in the GIS environment. The results of the research showed that Yaftabad and East Abuzar neighborhoods have a favorable situation in terms of physical security with weight (0.132 and 0.084), respectively. Golchin (0.078) and Boloursazi (0.076) locations are in acceptable condition; Bagh Khazaneh (0.074) and Emamzadeh Hasan (0.073) neighborhoods are in average condition; The localities of Jalili (0.066), West Abuzar (0.064), Zehtabi (0.063) and Emam Sajjad (AS) (0.062) are in poor condition and the localities of Vesfanard (0.060), Azari (0.058) ), Moghadam (0.057) and Zamzam (0.050) are in unfavorable conditions.

At the same time, housing is the main factor of people's socialization towards the world and the major and decisive capital in the social organization of space, which plays a very decisive role in the formation of individual identity, social relations, and collective goals of people. Housing is more than a physical structure, it is an institution with a multi-dimensional function, which has different spatial, architectural, physical, economic, social, financial, psychological, and medical dimensions. Housing is the most important element of the city, and in the sustainable development of the city, paying attention to its sustainability is known as its most essential aspect. Therefore, the relationship between sustainability and housing is two-way. In this regard, man has different needs during his life, which he plans to fulfill. In today's world, in terms of the expansion of urbanization and the special interactions of citizens with each other, as well as from the perspective of urban design and architecture, security in cities has gained special importance. The need for security in cities has brought spatial and physical reflections as an important and vital principle. Therefore, establishing security in the urban structure and giving citizens a sense of security is increasingly important. In fact, the basis of urban life is based on this axis.

The research method used in this study is descriptive-analytical and practical in terms of purpose. The method of data collection has been carried out in the form of the library (examination of documents, statistics information, and research related to the subject) and field (interview and questionnaire distribution). Sampling was purposeful and 20 urban experts were selected for questioning. In this research, to analyze the indicators (two categories of mental and objective indicators); In the analysis of subjective indicators, scoring was done using the opinions of specialists and urban experts, and finally, using the "pairwise comparison" method, the indicators were weighted, and the effects of each of them (indicators) were determined with different intensity and weakness in the localities. For the objective indicators, weighting and ranking were done using Fuzzy AHP, and the layers related to each of their dimensions and sub-indices were prepared in the GIS environment, finally, the neighborhoods in terms of the impact of sustainable housing on physical security were divided into neighborhoods and stratified into three Weak, medium and favorable categories were identified.

The results show from the objective indicators aspect, in terms of design-architecture dimension indicators such as the number of building floors, area (smallness), population density, indefensible spaces (lack of lighting), and residential density; The neighborhoods of the 17th district of Tehran are not very different from each other. Only "Yaftabad neighborhood" is in a favorable situation in this regard. "Emamzadeh Hasan neighborhood" is also in an average condition and the rest of the neighborhoods are also in an unfavorable condition. In this regard, the physical texture of area 17 has the following characteristics: extremely worn and dense, incoherent and disjointed, irregular in terms of the type of use and having strong interference of use, having granularity with an increase in fine-grained elements, compactness of the texture and their location on Mainly narrow and long passages, high wear and tear of residential and non-residential units, construction of buildings using non-resistant and non-standard materials, old buildings, etc. Finally, by scoring and summarizing the weight of all the indicators related to the physical security of the neighborhoods of the 17th region, they were categorized into 3 categories with favorable, medium, and weak spectra. The localities of Yaftabad and East Abuzar, Boloursazi, and Golchin have a favorable situation in terms of physical security. Bagh Khazaneh and Eemamzadeh Hassan and Jalili neighborhoods are in average condition and West Abuzar, emam Sajjad, Zehtabi, Azari, Moghadam, Wesfanard and Zamzam neighborhoods are in unfavorable conditions. From the metal indicators aspect, "Azari, Moghadam, Golchin, Wesfanard and Zehtabi" localities are in poor condition; "Boloursazi, Eemamzadeh Hasan and Yaftabad" localities are in average condition and "Bagh Khazaneh, East Abuzar , West Abuzar, Emam Sajjad" localities ), Jalili and Zamzam" are in the ideal state of stable housing in order to achieve physical security. It should be noted that this classification is based on the scoring of selected experts on subjective indicators.

In this research, after stating the features of sustainable housing in the target area and checking the normality or abnormality of the indicators, the most important features affecting the promotion of physical security in the said area were determined. In this regard, the selected indicators were divided into two subjective and objective categories. Subjective indicators were scored and validated by urban experts. For this purpose, 33 sub-indices were identified and extracted in 6 categories of fair distribution of residential services, efficient transportation, vitality, healthy environment, fair housing, and dynamic cultural heritage, and the "paired comparisons" method was used to weight and normalize them. Also, in the objective indicators section, 14 sub-indices were selected in 3 categories of design-architecture, technical-engineering, and accessibility indicators, and for their weighting and normalization, the fuzzy AHP model was used in the GIS environment. The results showed that the neighborhoods identified based on the degree of desirability of having stable housing in order to achieve physical security based on subjective and objective indicators are very different from each other.

 Slums as an output of spatial imbalances originating from the injustice of space is one of the most important foundations threatening security and development in individual and collective scales. Ahvaz ranks first in the country in terms of the area of ​​ Slums areas with ten districts, and in terms of the marginal population with 450 thousand people, it is one of the densest marginal areas in the country. The impact of the Slums areas can be investigated and analyzed from various aspects, one of the most important aspects of these studies is the spatial analysis of crimes in the Slums areas of the city and the identification of crime-prone areas for the prevention of crimes in the city. Space of Ahvaz city has two important features. The first is the extent and the second is the presence of marginal areas. The marginal neighborhoods of Ahvaz city include Shalang Abad, Siyahi, Ain Do, Al Safi, Hasir Abad, Zargan, Zargan, Zoway, Cheniba, and Malashieh. In this article, focusing on crimes such as armed robbery, extortion, brawl, shooting, and murder, the marginal neighborhoods have been examined and ranked in terms of the five crimes index.

This article will be organized using the descriptive-analytical method and the use of theoretical and field studies of research findings. In order to analyze the theoretical aspects of the research, library data, documents, electronic references, etc. have been used. Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP) has been used to determine the weight of crimes and the Vicor technique in Excel in order to rank areas in terms of the occurrence of five types of crimes.

The findings show that the ranking of the marginal neighborhoods in terms of five types of crimes, from the highest to the lowest amount, respectively, including Al-Safi, Hasir Abad, and the source of water, Shelang Abad, Siyahi and Ain Do, Malashieh, Cheniba, and Zargan. And it is Zoya. Insecurity caused by urban marginalization can be categorized into three scales: 1- local scale; which include: the suburbs of the city. In general, insecurity in the city can be seen and investigated in the following two ways: A: Crimes in urban life such as armed robbery, extortion, shooting, etc. B: Violent acts that are usually collective. Such as: conflict and quarrel 2- Regional or metropolitan scale of Ahvaz city: the marginal areas of Ahvaz city provide a suitable platform for the residence of criminals and criminals due to the possibility of reduced police security surveillance. In this scale, insecurity and crime gradually penetrate from the marginal neighborhoods to other neighborhoods in Ahvaz. And the security of Ahvaz metropolis faces a crisis. 3- Regional scale or Khuzestan province: After the spread of insecurity and crime at the local and regional level, there is a possibility of reflecting the absence or reduction of insecurity from Ahvaz metropolis to the scale of Khuzestan province. This level of insecurity goes beyond crime-prone urban areas. Decreasing the security of Ahvaz city as its political centrality for Khuzestan province has economic, political, cultural, social, etc. dimensions on this scale is important for Khuzestan province. Therefore, in the line of research, the Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP) has been used to determine the weight of crimes and Vicor technique in Excel in order to rank areas in terms of the occurrence of five types of crimes. So that the marginal neighborhoods are ranked in terms of five crimes and the neighborhoods that have more crime potential than other areas are identified.

One of the most important issues arising from the governance of the marginalization conditions in the country's metropolises. At present, Ahvaz, due to the centrality of the province and the presence of higher education centers, specialized medical services, power plants, and industrial and commercial centers, has welcomed immigrants from the cities and settlements of Khuzestan province and other provinces. The situation of the marginal neighborhoods of Ahvaz is in an unfavorable situation in terms of human development and physical space. And it affects the increase of urban crimes. This important point is the need to pay attention to spatial justice at the local and regional levels of Ahvaz city space for the relative equality of human development indicators and physical space. Through the spatial analysis of crimes in the marginal neighborhoods of Ahvaz metropolis, it is possible to identify the neighborhoods that are in an unfavorable situation in terms of related crimes in order to prevent crime.

People always seek to provide security as one of their basic needs, also it has been considered as one of the important indicators of the quality of urban life from urban planners and managers point of view. Precisely, feeling of social security in urban spaces is one of the most important indicators of quality of life for citizens. With the increasing necessity of creating security in societies, the tools, methods and approaches to create and maintain it have undergone transformation. Therefore, urban management is one of the important aspects of urban planning, which is directly related to human societies, especially urban society, and creating social security; therefore, the aim of this research is to review the role and position of urban management in improving the social security of cities.

Methodology of this paper is library-analytical. First, definitions and theories have been collected through library studies. Second, for the data analysis, the review of the theoretical foundations and the research conducted in this field, the components of social security and the impact of the performance and role of urban management on each of them have been discussed.

Studies show that based on the coefficient of determination, 28% of the variance of the dependent variable is explained by the independent variable. Beta coefficient (BTA) also indicates a direct relationship between two independent and dependent variables. As a result, through the regression analysis of two variables, it can be concluded that the level of social security and crime prevention increases with the improvement of urban management performance..

A safe urban environment with suitable infrastructure to prevent crime and creation of psychological security in people increases the sense of presence in the place and increases the social interactions of citizens in the city. Then all sections of the society will be actively present in urban spaces at night without experiencing fear and crime. In this way, the vitality and livability of the urban space increases. Using the descriptive-analytical method, this article investigates the role of environmental design and urban planning in preventing crimes and improving security in the new city of Hashtgerd with the CPTED approach. Data were collected by documentary and field methods. The statistical population included the citizens of Hashtgerd (49,417 people), of them 380 samples were selected using Cochran's formula. Data analysis was done with TODIM multi-criteria decision making model and path analysis test and DPSIR model with the help of Excel and SPSS software. The findings showed that the status of urban design and planning components effective in improving Hashtgerd city security and crime prevention is acceptable with an average of 3.42. According to the DPSIR model with the weighting coefficients of the Todim model, the indicators of the subcategory of the "impact" component with a score of 0.724 have had the greatest impact on improving security and crime prevention. According to the path analysis test, the "answer" component by emphasizing the design of furniture and urban elements in public environments; making the neighborhood suitable for vulnerable groups; The lighting and legibility of the city, especially at night; and the management and protection of the environment with a direct effect of 0.527 is most related to the promotion of security and prevention of crime in Hashtgerd city.

The priority of any city is to ensure the security of citizens living in that city. One of the reasons for the rapid development of smart cities is the possibility of monitoring citizens and ensuring their security. In this regard, the present research to Explanation and Analysis of Urban Security in the Framework of Smart Infrastructure and Facilities (Case study: Semnan City.( This research is a survey in terms of applied purpose and in terms of nature and method of research. The data required for the research were collected by documentary-field method (questionnaire and observation). SPSS software and Fuzzy AHP model were used to analyze the data. The results of regression analysis indicated that there is a significant relationship between the facilities and infrastructure of intelligence and security promotion in Semnan, at a level of confidence above (0.99). Also, the results of the path analysis test indicated that all 14 items studied, at the level of (P=0.000) (confidence percentage) are directly related to improving the security of Semnan. Furthermore, the results of one-way analysis of variance test indicated that due to the fact that the significance level is more than (0.05), it can be said with (0.95) confidence that among the areas of Semnan in terms of the impact of facilities and smart urban infrastructure and there is no significant difference in improving the security of Semnan. Finally, the results of the fuzzy AHP model for ranking each of the dimensions of security in the city of Semnan in the framework of facilities and infrastructure of intelligence indicated that economic security with a normalized weight of (0.432), have the highest rank. The results indicate that smart urban facilities and infrastructure have a significant impact on improving the security of Semnan.

Cities have always been a place to ensure human security against human and natural disasters and dangers. But widespread urban sprawl in recent decades and the relentless concentration of population in urban centers have made cities a dangerous environment. Therefore, the discussion of ensuring the security of citizens and defending all urban facilities in a smart and planned way, has opened the way for the concept of passive urban defense. The purpose of this study is a set of passive defense strategies tailored to the structures (geographical, economic, and social) in urban regions (Case study: Chabahar city). The present research is a developmental research based on the purpose, in terms of nature, quantitative method and in terms of survey type and descriptive-analytical method. Expert choice software and SWOT model were used to analyze the data. The results of the SWOT model showed that macro strategies based on the usual rule, considering that the average total score of threats and weaknesses is higher than the average total score of opportunities and strengths (WT<SO), the macro strategy will be a review strategy. The results of the research indicate that in the current situation, the city of Chabahar does not have a comprehensive defense plan to ensure the security of the city and its citizens in critical situations and the occurrence of possible attacks by the enemy. Therefore, planners, city managers and urban designers should have a solution for passive defense planning.

Urban security concerns have come to forefront since the late 1980s as the adverse effects of globalization, such as unplanned urbanization, irregular migration, poverty and unfair distribution of wealth and income, organized crime, soaring population, insufficient physical infrastructure, and social unrest have undermined daily lives of ordinary people at urban areas. Urban security approach has been developed as a response to those challenges. It seems that the existence of structures and content of the value systems in any society is essential because they are able to form insights and attitudes. In this regards, the type of insights and attitudes can play a high role in defining and conceptualizing security as well as explaining the criteria for measuring urban security. On this basis, in the secular school value propositions and principles have a limited role in urban security, but in the Islam school, where all political and social phenomena are influenced by value components, values and normative aspects play an important role. In the transcendent school of Islam, urban security has a special place and it is measured by value criteria. Islam as a religion and complete way of life has provided a divine guidance for the safety, protection, peace and stability of individuals and society which if properly followed, the society and its individual members become safe and well protected. Urban security is a theme which is accompanied with man’s life and is considered as necessary needs of citizens. Hope to having better life, progress and development in all areas including cultural, economic progress and reaching technology and industrial achievements is only feasible through security. On other hand, when the security coefficient of a country is at a high level, the people residing in such country will lead a peaceful life and will continue their collective attempts to build and develop their country.

Researchers have used documentary studies based on analysis of the content of more than 35 sources by word cloud software in the process of explaining the criteria of urban security in the Islam school. Also, three methods including Rank Order Centroid (ROC), Rank Sum (RS) and Rank Reciprocal (RR) have been used for weighting to urban security criteria. Due to the consistency of urban security criteria, the method that had the lowest standard deviation in weight was selected. Based on this, the rank sum method with the least standard deviation has been selected.

Analysis of the content of more than 35 sources in the field of security and urban security with an Islamic approach through word cloud software shows that eight main criteria are important in assessment of urban security. Faith, spirituality ، values, and religious beliefs; Justice, equality and non-discrimination; Material welfare (sustainable income and employment) and far from poverty, unemployment and expensiveness; Spiritual and physical health; Safe from threats and fears of violence and crime; Safe from immorality such as lying, administrative corruption, distrust, lawlessness and disloyalty; Safe from all natural and man-made hazards; Having a sustainable physical space. In this regard, weighting the urban security criteria based on the rank sum method shows that faith, spirituality, values, and religious beliefs with 22 percent in the first rank; justice, equality and non-discrimination with 19.44 percent in the second rank; and material welfare (sustainable income and employment) and far from poverty, unemployment and expensiveness are in the third rank with 16.67 percent.

The recent research tried to focus on urban security and discuss it from an Islam perspective. The research indicates that Quran has paid much more attention to the issue of urban security. Urban security is a main priority in security policies of Islam, which aims to make human settlements safer for development, revolves around the causes of insecurity in urban spaces. However, security requires to be handled in terms of inequality. In view of Islam school, unequal distribution of security at urban areas should be examined based on a comprehensive conceptual framework for analysis. To realize the Islamic utopia in the Quran mentions to eight main axes, including Islamic principles, global principles, divine attributes and actions, principles based on nature and natural elements, principles of social relations, principles based on dos and don’ts and finally, principles based on urban and architectural elements. In Islam perspective, the ideal city has two principles of monotheism and justice and in its pillars, there are three spaces including, intellectual space, practical space and physical space. So paying attention only to the physical space without emphasizing the other spaces for realization of urban security is insufficient. Thus in the transcendent school of Islam, both immaterial and material criteria are necessary for measuring of urban security.

Understanding the relationship between human settlement's spatial structure and residents' social life is one of city researchers' major challenges. One of the most important spatial structures of a city is the public realm. Public realms are usually constructed for free usage of general society people. Everyone has the right to access and use public realms. A public place's public realms is a place for social interactions and creates the city's social life, an important factor is the public realm's security and how safe people feel in this space. It is no doubt that public realms would lose their efficiency. The present research's method is descriptive-analytical and has a practical purpose. The general tool for data gathering consists of library studies and questionnaire completion by the citizens of the Dohezar district. This questionnaire was designed proportional to the information type and based on the Likert Scale. This research's statistical population consists of Bandar Abbas Dohezar citizens, and the statistical sample consists of 376 residents that have been computed and chosen by the Cochran formula, and the questionnaire distribution method is simple random sampling. Path analysis method and soft wares SPSS and AMOS were used in data analysis. The results depict that the most influential component on security is the movement and access indicator, and the least influential is access quality. Considering the research results, five approaches of scale and spatial frame, movement and access network, environmental comfort, access quality, and activity and ground control caused security enhancement in the public realm.

Cities, as centers of communication and global transportation, are the main centers of domestic and international migration, transportation, communications and economic activities. Therefore, today, with the development of cities and the diversity and complexity of different sets of systems, it is necessary to pay attention to modern technologies to identify and analyze these issues. In the case of urban issues, especially the development of sustainable urban security, GIS can monitor the growth and development of the urban environment, identify trends and directions of growth, feasibility and routing of transportation networks, location of various urban applications, zoning design and preparation Comprehensive, detailed and fluid designs provide good performance. Therefore, due to the importance of the use of GIS in addressing the issues of sustainable urban development, the aim of this study was and therefore in this study, the applications of GIS in the development of sustainable urban security with emphasis on the metropolis of Tabriz. Due to the descriptive nature of the research, library sources and previous researches were cited. During the research, maps (Tabriz metropolis) output of GIS were used to confirm more. The results show that GIS can be used to achieve the goals of sustainability and sustainable security in this metropolis. So it is clear, with comprehensive and thoughtful use of GIS technology, city managers in the metropolis of Tabriz will be able to cultivate skilled and experienced human resources that by emphasizing their expertise, it will be possible to take care and manage valuable resources.

It is necessary to have an active and dynamic urban community with sustainable dimensions, crime prevention and security. This issue, along with estimating basic needs, is considered as one of the main pillars of sustainability in the growth and development of cities. The category of urban security in public spaces, which is always a refuge for the peace and comfort of citizens, is very important. District 15 of Tehran as one of the marginal areas and the main entrance of Tehran in the southeast of Tehran, by accepting all kinds of ethnicities and immigrants to live in this area, increasing the rate of marginalization, the existence of drug addicts, beggars, sleeping cartons, working children and etc., has become a suitable bed for creating insecure and abnormal spaces and increasing the amount of crime in this area. For this purpose, according to the characteristics of the district, the purpose of this study is to investigate the effective components on urban security in order to achieve the dimensions of a sustainable city in this region.

The present study is part of “applied" and "descriptive-analytical" researches with a structural approach to urban security. Library studies and documents related to the research topic were used to collect the descriptive part of the research and for the analytical part of the research, security analysis in urban spaces of 15th district of Tehran has been done by using a survey method and a questionnaire in three dimensions of fundamental, dynamics and safety. To analyze the research data from Pearson correlation statistical tests to evaluate the internal relationship of components, t-test to evaluate the priority of components and diagnostic analysis model to predict the process of security in district 15 according to the components of the structuralist approach in SPSS software, were exerted.The statistical population of this research consists of 659468 residents of 15th district of Tehran. The statistical sample size was estimated to be 384 using Cochran's formula`. The data collection tool in this study was a questionnaire that was randomly distributed and collected among the sample size. To determine the validity of the questionnaire, the KMO measure was used in the form of factor analysis test, the validity of which was evaluated at 0.76 and at an appropriate level. To determine the reliability of the questionnaire, Cronbach's alpha coefficient test was exerted. The following result indicates the general confirmation of the reliability of the questionnaire with a coefficient of 0.79.

Proper analysis of spatial patterns of crime and social harm is a vital issue for cities and is one of the important social criteria of societies. The discovery of such patterns could be the starting point for further research on other topics. The damage distribution map shows that the spatial distribution of these indicators is not random and follows a specific spatial pattern. These patterns are the result of a set of economic, social, cultural, and behavioural processes. District 15 of Tehran has the highest statistics of social harms and various crimes among other ones. On the other hand, the distribution of crime in Tehran shows that the occurrence of social harms in the neighbourhood and the region is more prominent. Therefore, it can be said that "Social harms in Tehran are mainly regional and neighbourhood identities, and so that their geographical study is needed to achieve a community prevention model." In this regard, using a structuralist approach in this study, the components and indicators affecting urban security and the prevention and reduction of crime in the 15th district of Tehran were investigated. The structuralist approach to security, according to its theorizing process, evaluates the category of security based on the conditions of developing countries. Its components also indicate the root problems and challenges that can lead to insecurity in urban spaces in these countries. In this study, the components of this approach were evaluated in the 15th district of Tehran. In order to evaluate the accuracy of the explanation of security in urban areas of the region, the internal relationship of the selected components was assessed based on a structuralist perspective.

A- The assessment of urban security in the 15th district of Tehran has been correctly explained according to the components of the structuralist approach based on the high internal relationship between these components;B- The fundamental component was identified as an important component in identifying weaknesses based on priority analysis for better planning to identify strengths and weaknesses and according to the indicators of the three components of the structuralist approach;C- Based on the forecast of the process of achieving security in urban spaces of District 15 of Tehran, data analysis showed that according to the current situation, a better safety component can predict the process of achieving security in urban spaces of District 15.

One of the important characteristics of a healthy social life in any society is the existence of an acceptable level of security for all citizens. The main purpose of the research is the relationship between satisfaction with the quality of life and the feeling of security in the so-called neighborhoods and the problematic program of Zanjan. The type and method of the present study is applied in terms of purpose and it is the study of the effect of public security on the quality of life in urban areas and also in terms of method, based on survey (field) and documentary methods. To determine the importance of quality of life criteria from a decision-making model. اچ. Pi was used. Also, the analysis and inference of the collected data were analyzed according to the type of data in Spss software and then thematic maps were prepared in GIS software. The findings showed that there is a direct relationship between quality of life and the resulting security in both neighborhoods. In Karmandan neighborhood, the indicators of density class, building age, type of building facade and satisfaction with waste disposal status were 3.80, 3.45, 3.17 and 3.85, respectively, while in Islamabad neighborhood, the indicators of separation system were average. , The number of floors and the type of skeleton are obtained with 1.26, 1.18 and 1.30 less than the average, respectively. In both neighborhoods, only the index of satisfaction with the status of waste disposal does not show a significant difference with the average, and the highest difference in both neighborhoods was related to the segregation system index; Therefore, those who have had a high quality of life; Feeling more secure than those at the lower end of the spectrum; Have had. This rate was higher in Karmandan neighborhood with 3.48 than in Islamabad neighborhood with 3.47. Despite the significant difference in the different quality of life of the two neighborhoods, the security of the residents of the problematic settlements does not seem to depend much on the quality of life criteria.

Social Security is one of the criteria is very important in urban life and somehow one of the main needs of cities for the life of its citizens. Usually, in urban environments, physical factors play the most role in increasing or reducing self-esteem.Hence, the purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of physical and environmental standards on social security in urban neighborhoods trying to Improve and enhance the level of social security in urban neighborhoods is a positive step in order to achieve a high level of urban security. The type of applied research and descriptive - analytical method. The sample size for two selected neighborhoods of Rokni and Khezr as the neighborhoods were identified by using Arc GIS software and Hot Spot and Cold Spot maps of Hamedan, respectively (245 and 345) using the formula Cochran was obtained. The sample size is calculated by residents of these two neighborhoods in Hamedan. The sampling method is also simple random. SPSS software was used for statistical analysis. One-sample analysis of variance (ANOVA) and multiple regression analysis (HMR) was used. The main question of this research is that which criteria for physical impact on social security more residents and citizens. The results of this study show that the type of structure and organization of urban communities and, most importantly, the permeability of urban neighborhoods in reducing urban crime and increasing social security has a great effect. For this reason, the suggestion of this study is to provide solutions in general, increasing environmental monitoring and ultimately leads to the promotion of social security in urban neighborhoods.

Today, the necessity and importance of dealing with women issue is due to the fact that women form half of the population of the cities, as a fact if the security of women is provided, the rate of women's use of public space in urban parks will increase. On the other hand, the lack of security and satisfaction with urban parks makes that women leave these spaces. The aim of this paper is to study the rate of security in different parks and the impact of physical-environmental facilities and public space services on the women’s sense of security. The research method is descriptive-analytical and a questionnaire is used to collect the data. The statistical population involves all the women using the public spaces of Tabriz city and the sample size includes 320 women. The results of the study show that there is a significant difference between the senses of security in different parks. The results of Tukey test indicate that women's sense of security in a neighborhood and regional parks is significantly lower than the roadside, and outside of the city parks.Also, The Pearson correlation analysis also show that there is a significant positive relationship between women's sense of security and environmental quality (p=0.001, r=0.43). Other results indicate relatively good condition for women's security in the parks of Tabriz (mean=3.44; Sig= 0.001).

Today, the police, by adopting transformational approaches based on community-based, Recruitment of new technologies, maintaining security as well as monitoring the process of environmental and social change with a scientific and problem-oriented approach to police intelligence has taken steps forward. In this regard, the aim of the present study is to analyze the Position of Smart Police Facilities and Infrastructure in Promoting Urban Security (Case Study: Semnan City).The present study is of a practical nature. The research method is quantitative, and its data are provided through library resources including (Taking notes, internet) and field (questionnaire, interview).The staff of Semnan Police Force was selected as the sample population of the present study and the sample size was determined using targeted sampling of 30 people. SPSS software was used to measure and analyze. The results of multiple regression tests showed that the independent variable (smart police facilities and infrastructure) has a significant relationship with the dependent variable (urban security) at the P=0.05 level.Also, the results of Kai-Squir test to determine the effect and relationship between smart police facilities and infrastructure of Semnan city with the value of Kai-Squir obtained 0.000,indicating a significant and positive relationship between the position of smart police facilities and infrastructure and improving security. It is the city of Semnan.Finally, based on the results of both tests, the Disciplinary Patrol Control System (Preventive Police) with the highest R (0.943),and the highest rate of V-Cromers (0.893), the most significant relationship between these facilities and improving the security of Semnan city.

The city public places are the bedrock of urban society development. Sureness and security in such urban spheres are indispensable .public spaces, including parks, as a platform for creating social interactions, require more security than any urban environment, in this research, with emphasis on the area of the Besat park in shiraz and the identification of factors that affect the security level in the city public spaces, will be sought to provide planned solutions for improvement and promoting effective social security environments.

This study aimed to provide effective indicators on improving the security of urban public spaces to study security in generally and in the Besat park area particularly questionnaire among park users ..In this study ,one variable regression analysis and multivariate questionnaire among park users .In this study ,one variable regression analysis and multivariate regression analysis as well as the data scale (sequential and nominal) were used ,and in some assumption freedman ,khido tests , Fikramer and Kendal correlation coefficient were used to analyze.

The result of our study, which evaluated the assumption of relationship between the independent variable of security showed that impact of population variability was confirmed with 99 percent by the correlation coefficient (R) of 0.26. There was a significant linear relationship between these 2 variable, in other words, this relationship means that security is reduced by increasing in the park.

The results indicate that the increase, diversification and improvement of the existing functions in the park and its surroundings can directly affect the level of security.

Security is the second human need, after physiological needs and a source of comfort ‎and a sense of citizens' satisfaction and security, and as a result of increasing the efficiency and desirability of the ‎environment and body, that this utility with precise planning, Decent design and adequate supervision in the city.‎ Research

The present study is a descriptive-analytical method and is a type of applied applied ‎research. The statistical population of this study included all citizens of the Baboor neighborhood of Ilam city. The ‎sample size of this study, according to the Morgan table, will be 355 people. Random sampling method was simple. ‎In this study, confirmatory factor analysis was used. The Pearson correlation descriptive and inferential statistical ‎methods and multiple regression methods were used in step-by-step method.‎ The findings of the research,.The results of factor analysis showed that the effective factors of urban security ‎in the Baboor neighborhood of Ilam city were the result of the interaction of the four factors, which, in total, ‎‎71.72% of the variance of all the variables affecting the sense of urban security in the Baboor neighborhood of ‎Ilam city they do. Of the four factors, urban symbol factors alone account for 94.48% of the total variance of the ‎primary variables and from the viewpoint of the population of the statistical population, the most important factor ‎affecting the sense of urban security in the Baboor neighborhood of Ilam city‎

Spatial Distribution various urban centers at different scales is one of the main concerns and concerns of the experts, managers and spectators of space policy. In the meantime, the production of urban safe space based on the spatial organization of the centers involved in urban security, under the disability of the space agency of the activists and the analysis of the spatial distribution of important centers also requires the identification and design of a model of effective factors in the spatial distribution of major metropolitan centers in Tehran, with the passage of passive defense. The present study attempted to identify these factors using qualitative and quantitative methods. The present research is a descriptive-analytical study. In this study, the method of initial identification of the factors affecting the spatial distribution of the major centers of Tehran metropolitan area with regard to passive defense, as well as quantitative methods, was used in final exploration of the factors and the design of the designed model.