جستجوی مقالات مرتبط با کلیدواژه "سنجش پایداری" در نشریات گروه "جغرافیا"

Ardabil and East Azarbaijan provinces are among the provinces where a significant part of their population and economy are mixed with villages and villagers, and from this point of view, there are many similarities between their historical, socio-cultural, economic and environmental aspects. The rural areas of these provinces, despite their very high natural, economic, social and cultural capabilities, face widespread deprivation, cultural poverty and rural emigration. Meanwhile, the tourism sector has the necessary potential capacities for rural revitalization in the investigated provinces. It is worth pondering that the planning system governing tourism activities in these provinces lacks a specific approach. For this reason, the main problem of the upcoming research is to identify the place of rural tourism in the target villages of tourism in Ardabil and East Azarbaijan provinces in the life cycle of tourism and develop a suitable methodology for planning their development. The present research has been conducted as a comparative study and in a descriptive-analytical method. The area studied in this research includes the villages of Zenuzagh, Kandavan and Ashtabin in East Azarbaijan province and the villages of Gazaj, Alvars and Oonar in Ardabil province. To determine the sample size, Cochran was used first and the size of the sample population is estimated to be 175 households. The method of selecting data from the local community is systematic random and from tourists randomly.According to the results obtained from this model, the studied villages are in different stages of sustainability. The available information shows that the villages of the study area are at the average sustainability level from the point of view of tourism, and the ecosystem welfare index and the human welfare index are also at an average level.

At present, sustainability as a clear goal is at the heart of global developments. Territorial sustainable development depends on the sustainability of rural system as a constituent sub-system of a territorial system. Sustainability of rural areas in different dimensions can have an effective role in regional and national development. The current research attempts to recognize and account for the spatial capabilities and limitations of rural settlements in Baruq within the framework of sustainable development. This research is a practical study with a descriptive methodology. The research statistical population includes 70 residential villages in Baruq are, of them thirty-two villages were selected through stratified sampling and based on four criteria of sustainable development. Field and document data were collected to answer the research questions. The results indicate that these villages are weak in terms of sustainability. Moreover, investigating the four aspects of sustainability has shown that each of the aspects (i.e., environmental-ecological, physicalspatial, social, and economic) are in a weak sustainable condition; the economic aspect suffers most from the weakest condition. The level of sustainability in the villages reveals that around 43 per cent of the settlements are unsustainably strong, 25 per cent unsustainably weak, 25 per cent sustainably weak, and only 6 per cent are sustainably strong. The sustainability of the villages decreases physicallyspatially from the west to the east of the district. That is to say, mountainous villages are less sustainable than the villages in the plains or other less mountainous areas. Sustainable and slightly sustainable villages lie in the west or in the plain. It shows that sustainable spatial pattern is a cluster. The results thus predict the highest role of social factors (R2 = 0.392) and a low role for environmentalecological factors (R2 = 0.186) in the unsustainability of the rural settlements. Economic and physical-spatial factors predict around 0.338 and 0.324 of the unsustainability in rural settlements.

Evaluation and analysis of environmental awareness in rural settlements around Yasuj cityAbstractAchieving the rural environmental sustainability is under the influence of people’s environmental awareness and this environmental awareness is itself affected by various factors. The rural settlements' importance comes from their interaction and connection with their surrounding environment. Among these rural settlements, the ones around the cities are of great significance. The present study was conducted, based on analytical- descriptive and survey methods, to analyze and evaluate the environmental awareness in the suburbs of Yasuj city. The data required for this survey was gathered through field methods (questionnaire and interview), documents, and referring to respective institutions. The population involved in the study are the rural families in the suburbs of Yasuj city. These 384 families were selected from 10 rural settlements and examined using cluster and random sampling methods. While the correlation between the environmental awareness and the respondents’ age is significantly negative, between the environmental awareness and the respondents’ gender, no significant relationship was found. Between the environmental awareness and the respondents’ education level, results showed a significantly positive relationship. Furthermore, results of the correlation analysis showed that there is a significantly negative relationship between the inhabitants’ environmental awareness level and their tendency to destroy the nature. Key words: Development, environment, Environmental awareness, Sustainability evaluation, Rural settlements.Extended AbstractIntroductionThe awareness of environment state and examination of its changes tendency are among issues that have been the focus of many researchers’ attention during recent years. This tendency has been so strong that in order to determine the required changes in management and to present managerial plans a correct recognition of environment state plays a very important role. Awareness about the consequences of wrong behaviors can decrease such behaviors. Villages are one of the most important humans’ settlements and they have a very close connection to the environment, in a way that they mutually influence each other. Most of economic activities in these regions are based on direct relationship with nature. The appearance of villages around cities are different from other villages because of the different system of settlement relationships and the presence of forces resulting from cities. Achieving the rural environmental sustainability is under influence of people’s environmental awareness and the environmental awareness is also affected by various factors. Accordingly, the present study was conducted to examine the environmental awareness of villagers around Yasuj city. In doing so, the following question was posed:- What is the status of environmental awareness of villagers living in the suburbs of Yasuj city?MethodologyThe present study is an analytical-descriptive study. The first step of environmental awareness evaluation was preparing the criteria. To have an effective evaluation, determining measureable, scientific and acceptable to researchers and experts is one of the requirements of this study. The indices and variables of the study were selected based on the opinions of professors and researchers in the field of rural studies in accordance to the region under study and with consideration of the theoretical bases and the review of related literature in the environmental awareness and behavior domains. The environmental awareness and tendency to destroy natural resources were evaluated using 11 and 2 variables, respectively. The study population was settlements around Yasuj city. Ten villages were selected among all the villages around Yasuj using randomized cluster sampling. Cochran formula was used to determine the size of sample population. Accordingly, 384 households were selected to complete the questionnaires. In order to evaluate the reliability of the data, Cronbach’s alpha was used. Results showed that the questionnaire has an appropriate reliability. ResultsBy examining the status of environmental awareness in the villages under study, it can be understood that these settlements have a medium sustainability with 22.3 coefficient. Results of coefficient analysis showed that between the environmental awareness and respondents’ age there is significantly negative correlation. Between environmental awareness and respondents’ gender, there is no significant relationship. Between environmental awareness and respondents’ education level, there is a significantly positive relationship. Furthermore, results of correlation analysis showed that there is a significantly negative relationship between inhabitants’ environmental awareness level and the tendency to destroy the nature. The highest average belongs to “If the way of treating nature is not adjusted, the environment will face disaster” variable, and lowest average belongs to “The most important factor in Ozone layer depletion is Carbon dioxide gas” variable.DiscussionThe goal of this study was to evaluate the status of environmental awareness within rural settlements around Yasuj city. Environmental awareness is the individuals’ information about environmental issues, factors influencing their spread and recognition of proper treatment to obviate them. Operationally, environmental awareness includes people’s information regarding the importance and role of environment in their life. Villages are faced with many environmental problems and some of the most common problems are improper way of collecting the rubbish and its disposal, providing potable water, water treatment networks, cutting the trees, putting jungles on fire and etc. Generally, the best means to enlighten rural societies, promote publics sensitivity, attention and knowledge about environmental aspects is to educate them on environment which is very important regarding the influence of humans on environment. Thus, if the inhabitants are lacking regarding environmental awareness, unregulated exploitation from surrounding natural resources will play a fundamental role in creation of environmental damages.ConclusionAfter analyzing the results, it was found that 53 percent of the respondents have a higher level of environmental awareness than the median level; and 47 percent of them have a lower level of awareness than the median level. This shows that rural settlements are on a median level of environmental awareness. The results are in line with the results released by Cruise et al. (2014). On the other hand, the findings are contradictory to the findings of Saho et al. (2015) and Sanjai (2013). In addition, regarding the gender of the respondents and their environmental awareness the findings of the present study contradict the findings of Blaji (2017). As a fact, villagers’ environmental awareness plays an important role in achieving rural environmental sustainable development.

One of the most important reflections of contemporary urbanization is the emergence and spread of harmful neighborhoods in the center or around cities.These settlements can be considered as forgotten and unplanned parts in comparison with other urban settlements, which are highly sustainable in terms of sustainability The aim of this study is to determine the level of stability of informal settlements in Ardebil and prioritize them for future planning. It has been done. The current research is applied in terms of descriptive-analytical method. The required information was collected through library and field studies. The statistical community of the 15 informal settlements in the city of Ardabil.To analyze the data, Excel software and SPSS software were used and using the barometric model, the stability of the stability levels of the target areas was determined and finally maps were mapped for better representation using ArcGIS software.According to the results of the implementation of this model, the Salman Abad area with a score of (0.501) has a moderate sustainability and then the Kazemabad neighborhood (344/0), Islamabad (0.200) in the situation of potential instability and other neighborhoods The goal is in an unstable state.In general, target ecosystems average (0.21l) and human well-being (0.249) are at very low levels in terms of overall target well-being. Therefore, it can be concluded that the level of sustainability in these neighborhoods is not well-suited. Therefore, development plans are appropriate to the strengths and weaknesses of each neighborhood based on the sustainability levels of each of these settlements.

Rural tourism, through its links and interactions with environment, natural attractions and local communities, leves significant implications on the positive and negative aspects of the natural and human environment. Despite of widespread studies by different researchers about this impacts, it is clear that the methodological framework in this area is limited. The rural area in Ardabil province because of relative situations and Geographical conditions has been atracted many tourists in recent years, and this issue has been created significant economic, social and environmental impacts on the mentioned rurals. The main aim of this study is to assessing impacts of tourism activities on sustainable development indexes and also is to Evaluating of sustainability levels of rural destinations. The method of this research is descriptive-analytic. The required data for this study were collected by taking notes and questionnaires. The study area consisted of four tourist rural destination in Ardabil province. Statistical population of this study consisted of 1553 people. The sample society (155 people) has been estimated by using of Cochran techniques. Local community sample has been selected by systematic sampling and tourist community sample has been selected through simple random sampling. Alan Prescott sustainability assessment model is edited and selected in order to subject analysis of a framework of 83 indicators (social, economic and environmental). The results of these research show that there is a significant differences between tourists views and local community in relation to sustainability indices and local community evaluate So that tourism indicators are more sustainable than tourists. But overall stability of these indices is evaluated average in the scope of this investigation.

Sustainable development of urban settlements has been largely dimensions which is dependent on the spatial and temporal. And to identify the need to evaluate the stability of indicators of various aspects of social, economic and environmental. This study also aims to assess and evaluate sustainable development indicators descriptive - analytical and Ardabil province has taken a bit of urban settlements. For this purpose the required data have collected from the Statistical Yearbook of 1390, as well as statistics and reports from the various departments and organizations. Then, using a barometer to measure and evaluate sustainability sustainable urban settlements in the social, economic and environmental aspects of the city of Ardebil province. The results show that the implementation of the barometric Stability as the capital of the province of Ardabil city social sustainability indicators (79/0) and economic sustainability indicators (71/0) with the major difference compared to other cities in the province is potentially stable condition. Another major difference compared to the provincial capital city of the province of the potentially unstable and unstable, respectively. In terms of environmental indicators in order Bilesavar city (68/0) Meshginshahr (58/0), Pars Abad (54/0) in the first three priorities and the city of Ardabil (41/0) is the fourth priority. In the Ardabil Province of human well-being out of Ecosystem Ratings (35/0) is rather low. Therefore it can be concluded that the stability of Ardabil Settlements The stability of the region is not a suitable and requires planning with regard to the strengths and weaknesses of each region.

Introduction The most commonly used definition of sustainable development is the development that meets the needs of the present generation without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs (WCED 1987). To be sustainable, a developmental process should integrate three dimensions, namely environmental, economic, and social: environmental sustainability is achieved through the protection and effective management of natural resources; economic sustainability is attained by a mix of occupations that provide long-term and stable incomes; and social sustainability is ensured by means of active community participation and a strong civil society (Goodland 1995). There is a growing consensus that the long-term sustainability of agriculture and production systems can be enhanced through locally-based planning and management at the farm scale, therefore within farming systems analysis it is being widely speculated that some forms of agricultural management are more sustainable than others (Dalsgaard et al., 1995). Identifying causative factors of agricultural sustainability provides a framework for integrating knowledge and perspectives of the social and natural sciences into planning, policy and decision-making at farm scale. Regarding the low knowledge on factors affecting on sustainability of agriculture, the main aim of this research is to analyze factors influencing on sustainability of agriculture among wheat cultivators under rural productions cooperatives of Golestan Province. Methodology This applied research is based on quantitative paradigm, in which the kind of research was descriptive and that survey method was used. Theoretical framework is formulated based on previous literature review related sustainable agricultural. To collect primary data, the questionnaire employed as research tool. Content validity of the research questionnaire was confirmed by comments of sustainable agricultural experts and faculty members. Calculated Coronbach Alpha coefficient as indication of questionnaire’s reliability was equal to 0.74 for main constructs of questionnaire. The statistical population of this study consisted of all wheat cultivators under rural productions cooperatives in Golestan Province. Sample size was determinated by Cochran's formula (n=356) and the sample was selected by multistage random sampling with optimize allocation among cooperatives. Descriptive statistics (means, standard deviations and percent of frequency) and inferential statistic to analyze set of indices and variables including factor, cluster and discriminated analysis techniques were used to accomplish two objectives of the study. Discussion Descriptive results showed framers’ age average is 44.7, average family size is 6.3, and the average farming experience is 27.3 years. The average of ownership land size and cultivated lands in the studied area were 7.4 and 5.8 hectares respectively. The average land plot and size was 3.4 and 2.6 respectively. The average performance of wheat is 4.3 ton per hectare. Regarding technical knowledge 84.1% of farmers were in low situation. The results of factor analysis (Eigenvalue greater than 1 and a factor loading greater than 0.5) showed that, six factors named: production resources management for sustainable agriculture (17.81% variance), supportive and services (17.47% variance), environment and ecosystem (11.94% variance), knowledge and education (10.78% variance), social and economical (6.40% variance) that explain 73.56 percent of variance of sustainability among respondents. The results of cluster analysis showed 73.88 percents of farmers practiced under unsustainable conditions. Result of discriminate analysis showed that two factors named “production resources management for sustainable agriculture” and “knowledge and education management for sustainable agriculture” have more importance to discriminate sustainable and unsustainable farmers. Conclusion In conclusion, in order for sustainability of farming system to become more widespread in province, it is necessary all sub-system linked to sustainable agricultural activity be considered. In the case of Golestan province, Farmer need to be made aware of sustainable agricultural practices, quality, quantity and standards of using production inputs especially chemical fertilizer, herbicide and pesticide, export demand and expectation, as well as the farmer organization and union and its function. At same time it is very important that farmer be provided with financial, credit and complementary services and support in transition to sustainable agriculture and given guarantees regarding marketing of produce. Any government policy that seeks to promote sustainability should offer incentives to farmers, to invest more on farming, and to use natural resources sustainably. Formal and informal education is also necessary to increase public awareness of sustainability. Therefore farmers will ultimately bear the responsibility for implementing the policies and guidelines necessary for sustainable agriculture. Moreover agricultural extension-education services should be strengthened by improving sustainability technical knowledge, skill and idea.

Introduction «The sustainable development model is a challenge to the conventional form of development. Conventional approaches see development as simply modernization of the globe along Western lines.» Pressing constraints on development and entrenched negative trends were the result of modernization in the world. These include: economic disparity and poverty، the impact of diseases، over-consumption of resources in industrialized countries contributing to climate change، and environmental deterioration and pollution of many kinds: including the impacts of intensive farming، depletion of natural resources and loss of forests، other habitats and biodiversity. «The 1960s and the 1970s were marked by an intensification of concern about pollution and awareness that environmental problems arise within the context of a complex interrelationship between humankind، the global resource base and the social and physical environments. As a consequence، questions about the acceptability of conventional growth objectives، strategies and policies were brought to the forefront of public debate.» Sustainable development has been the central concept in the United Nations World Conservation Strategy and in the report of the World Commission on Environment and Development، also known as the Brundtland Report. The Brundtland Report defines sustainable development as «development that meets the needs of the present without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs. Urban development is especially important within the broader context of sustainability The reality of» accelerated urbanization growth in the south countries (like Iran) overrides its damaging influence in local and global scales; «e. g. environmental، social، economical and political problems such as an increase in resource demands، waste production، air pollution، poverty، inequity، housing shortages، crimes، narcotic use… caused concerns about urban sustainable development. Tehran is one of 10 under developed metropolises among the 124 metropolises in the world، and as such is obliged to contend with a variety of problems; e. g. air، noise and water pollution، traffic jams، housing shortages، biodiversity reduction، vulnerability to probable earthquakes، lack of urban services، facilities، infrastructure، overcrowding، poverty and social vulgarities. This research takes the 17th municipal region، as a study area، for measuring the sustainability we collected data in the neighborhood scale. MethodologyAn» indicator of sustainable development must assess human development and sustainability «They can help incorporate information from physical and social sci ences in decision-making، and they can help measure and calibrate progress toward sustainable development goals. They can provide an early warn ing to prevent economic، social and environmental setbacks. They are also useful tools to communicate ideas، thoughts and values. In order to attain a superior spatial comparison of the urban area، all of neighbor hoods were selected as the area of study; in order to measure sustainability 20 indicators were used the sustainable development indicators were selected based on availability and fact and the indicator’s data was collected. Main data sources utilized are Tehran Municipal Reports، The Statistics Center of Iran and The Iranian Survey Organization. Using urban sustainable development indicators will help to understand the situation of the city in the sustainable development context. This article is trying to use Fuzzy Logic and GIS as a sustainable development measuring tool. For measuring the sustainability، this research used 20، economical، social، environmental indicators. Due to a broad range of varying scales، subsequent to the original data collection the scales were refined to a standard scale for use in further analysis. Fuzzy logic is an extension of classical formal models of reasoning into models that incorporate fuzziness. The fundamental difference between classical logic and fuzzy logic is in the range of their certainty-values. In fuzzy logic، the certainty or fallacy of any given fuzzy proposition is completely subjective. Assuming that certainty and fallacy are expressed by values 1 and 0 respectively، the degree of certainty for each fuzzy proposition is expressed by a number in the unit interval of [0، 1]. Foremost a fuzzy membership function was defined for the normalized value: in this stage a triangular fuzzy membership function was defined with three linguistic values of Weak، Moderate and Strong; after which the fuzzy membership grade for the total data was calculated. Mamdani Fuzzy Inference was used for measuring sustainability. Early inference has five linguistic values of Very Bad، Bad، Average، Good and Very Good. Final inference which indicates the sustainability status in a special indicator has 9 linguistic values. Results and Discussion After all، they returned to non fuzzy value and the results were plotted in GIS. The result of study shows، intermediate sustainability in Fallah neighborhood، which has the best position among the neighborhoods، also Bolursazi neighborhood has the worse condition among the neighbor hoods. Using fuzzy logic as a measurement tool for Tehran’s 17 region sustainability، demonstrates the fact that non-existent sustainability among the various city districts is a very serious problem impeding national development strategies. By reviewing the history of urbanization in Iran، the problem consuming today''s cities has risen from problems existing in peripheral regions، a result of inconsistencies in the country''s governmental policies. ConclusionPressing constraints on development and entrenched negative trends were the result of modernization in the world. The Brundtland Report defines sustainable development as» development that meets the needs of the present without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs. Urban development is especially important within the broader context of sustainability. Tehran is one of 10 under developed metropolises among the 124 metropolises in the world، and as such is obliged to contend with a variety of problems. This research takes the 17th municipal region، as a study area، for measuring the sustainability we collected data in the neighborhood scale. In order to measure sustainability 20 indicators were used the sustainable development indicators were selected based on availability and fact and the indicator’s data was collected. Foremost a fuzzy membership function was defined for the normalized value. The result of study shows، intermediate sustainability in Fallah neighborhood، which has the best position among the neighborhoods، also Bolursazi neighborhood has the worse condition among the neighbor hoods.

As pervasive as the term may be in our discourse, “sustainability” is far from having a clear, distinct, or wholly accepted meaning in contemporary development circles (preto, 1996). “Sustainability” is increasingly cited as an explicit goal of development efforts and remains a widely-touted global concern in spite of the fact that it is an inherently “complex and contested concept … [For which] precise and absolute definitions … are impossible”. The foundations of international development were laid after the end of World War II with the goals of alleviating poverty, reducing inequality, and improving the global standards of living. In 1987, the UNmandated World Commission on Environment and Development (the Brandt land Commission) responded to an emerging recognition that the human economy was stressing global ecosystems. The Commission affirmed the importance of which “extend to all the opportunity to fulfill their aspirations for a better life.” At the same time, it emphasized that this development must be “within the bounds of the ecologically possible,” They called for sustainable development “that meets the needs of the present without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs”. An action plan for sustainable development, called Agenda21, was launched in 1992 at Rios Earth Summit (World Summit on Environment and development Goals, adopted in 2000, called on all countries to integrate the principle of sustainable development into national policies and programs. These indicators must not only reflect the changes in quality of life, but must also show if these changes are compatible with the current plans in ecological limits. While a precise and complete definition of sustainability may be elusive, it is possible to define measurable bottomline conditions for both human developments (Social, Economic) and ecological sustainability. While specific context, goals and methods of any program will vary widely (and so will the criteria for evaluation), we can fundamentally compare any sustainable development diminution based upon criteria that describe the type of approach taken. We examine and measure sustainable evelopment in terms of its three dimensions: environmental, social, and economical. Decisions leading to sustainable development ought to be based on science and adequate information. Thus, data are needed on environmental, social, and economical factors of sustainability. Recently, Analytical Network Process has been proposed as a systematic tool for the assessment of sustainability. Based on this approach, we have developed a model called sustainability assessment through Analytical Network Process (ANP) evaluation, which uses basic indicators of environmental, economic and social as inputs, and employs ANP to provide sustainability measuring on the local rural Fasa county, Fars province. This paper provides an approach to sustainable decision- making on local level using ANP model. In this research, the index of each dimension of sustainability has been used by measuring of rural areas. For this aim, the hypothesis is that there is a meaningful relationship among sustainability dimensions (social, economic, ecological aspects).The methodology of this article is descriptive-analytic using Borda technique on 250 family and 46 villages in Fasa county. For this purpose, after calculating the weights using Borda method, the differences are stated by sustainability dimensions of rural areas. The design and development of sustainable development approaches is dependent upon identification and development of an appropriate information infrastructure to support decisionmaking. The findings of this research show that because of the relationship among indexes and criteria in different dimensions for measuring, exact sustainability is needed for the groups and different sustainability dimensions. They should be paid attention to independently and there should be polls to hear the experts’ recommendations. The collective decision-making employing Borda method, compression questionnaires and compounding the data in the ANP model improve their efficiency in comparison with the other methods.