جستجوی مقالات مرتبط با کلیدواژه "منطقه‎ی یک ‎تهران" در نشریات گروه "جغرافیا"

Public spaces and social interactions have a reciprocal relationship. The rapid urbanization, limited land availability, and neglect of these spaces in urban development initiatives have resulted in a scarcity of open and green areas per capita, consequently reducing social interactions. District 10 of Tehran, as the most densely populated area, suffers from a lack of both quantity and quality in public and open spaces. Furthermore, issues such as physical deterioration, disrupted urban landscapes, a high tenant rate, low social security, and a transient population have further diminished the quality of existing public spaces and the level of social interaction in this particular district. Hence, the aim of this study is to explore the potential for enhancing public spaces in order to promote social interactions in District 10 of Tehran. The chosen research methodology is descriptive-survey, with data collected through documentary and field studies. The SWOT and QSPM techniques have been employed for analysis.  The findings reveal that various factors play a significant role in facilitating social interaction in public spaces. These factors include the diversity of activities, integration of land use, social inclusion, accessibility to public transportation, social security, memorability, safety, engagement of all senses, readability, visibility, flexibility, availability of urban furniture, materials used in urban furniture and pavements, climate comfort, and environmental health. Moreover, creating favorable conditions for the presence of children and the elderly would lead to increased supervision and social security.  The superior scenario proposes a set of strategies, including aggressive strategies (SO1: Enhancing social security in existing public spaces, SO2: Promoting the development of open and green spaces on a per capita basis, SO4: Establishing local hangout spots and micro spaces for community gatherings, SO5: Allocating multicultural and artistic spaces, sports venues, etc.) and conservative strategies (ST1: Repurposing inactive municipal-owned spaces, ST2: Encouraging greater citizen participation in social activities). Ultimately, six prioritized strategies are identified, resulting in the formulation of 18 policies and 31 action plans.

The purpose of this research is site selection of temporary accommodation centers in District 22 of Tehran with the help of effective criteria. These criteria are including Red Crescent, distance to bridge, distance to schools, distance to the main road, distance to the police station, distance to the gas source, distance to mosques, distance to food distribution centers, distance to metro lines, distance to Metro station, distance to health centers, distance to park and green space, distance to hospital, distance to fire stations, population density, earthquake risk, and slope. The novelty of this study is the use of an appropriate and sufficient combination of criteria for locating temporary accommodation sites. In this regard, the geographically weighted regression (GWR) method with two Gaussian and tri-cube kernels was used. This method is compatible with two unique properties of spatial data, namely spatial autocorrelation, and spatial non-stationarity. The values of R2 and RMSE obtained by the GWR method with tri-cube kernel were 0.9413 and 0.3470, respectively, which indicates the high compatibility of the tri-cube kernel with respect to the Gaussian kernel. The results also show that Chitgar Park and Azadi Sports Complex are some of the largest and most suitable areas for the construction of temporary shelters after the earthquake crisis in the case study.

The construction industry is currently facing a multitude of challenges, primarily attributed to the inadequate implementation of urban plans and programs, leading to accelerated deterioration of infrastructure. Over the past three decades, urban development practices have largely been driven by implicit attitudes and personal perceptions of those involved, lacking a foundation in established intellectual models. This study, conducted with an applied focus, utilized a descriptive-analytical approach that encompassed both library research and on-site investigations, including a Delphi survey for expert input and evaluation. Experts have identified physical, legal, and environmental criteria as more significant than economic and societal factors in urban development assessments. The research findings indicate that the quality of urban life is perceived favorably based on the construction process, with areas ranked in the following order as 1, 2, 6, 4, 3, and 5. Notably, factors such as land use changes, economic valuation of land and buildings, and density sales regulations have been highlighted as key influencers on the quality of life in District 3 of Tehran Municipality. District 6 is identified as economically preferable, District 2 excels in social criteria, and District 1 leads in environmental considerations compared to other disticts. The transformation of District 3 into a more densely populated area due to increased construction activities has resulted in reduced per capita access to green spaces and essential services.

Ecological resilience is a concept that implies the reversibility of ecological structures and functions against the shocks experienced. The northern zone of Tehran, as the most important ecological support of this city, has undergone many land-use changes in recent decades. The present study has analyzed the role of land-use change in the ecological resilience of green infrastructure (as one of the pillars of ecological structure) in District 1 of Tehran Municipality. This study is an applied one in terms of purpose and is considered a descriptive-analytical one in terms of the method used. In this study Landsat satellite data (1976-2021) were used to detect the changes of interest, and landscape metrics were used to analyze the ecological resilience conditions. Based on the results of this study period, the Number of Patches (NP) has significantly increased and the Class Area (CA) has decreased during the period covered by this study. These changes indicate the fragmentation process and loss of structural cohesion of the green patches. The measurement results for the connectivity metrics (ENN and GYRATE) also showed a small connectivity between the green patches in the area. In addition, the results for CONTAG (Contagion Landscape metrics) measure indicated that, due to low connectivity, the transmission rate is low. Therefore, it can be said that the green infrastructure of the region has lost its structural cohesion in the face of land-use change, and as a result, the expected ecological functions and services have also failed. According to the results, the green infrastructure of the study area is vulnerable to land-use changes and their ecological resilience has been significantly reduced.

Social capital plays an important role in shaping social cohesion, reducing deprivation, improving the performance of inefficient government institutions, improving urban governance, and protecting local culture against social difficulties. In the formation of creative urban areas, social capital is crucial for strengthening relationships among residents, utilizing the talents and hidden capacities of citizens to achieve a better future in urban development projects. This article analyzes the effects of social capital indicators on the creation of a creative urban district in Tehran's District 11. Descriptive and analytical methods were used to discover relationships between variables and examine the impact of social capital indicators. The necessary data was collected from credible library, document, electronic resources, theses, and reputable articles. The results indicate that the social participation factor is one of the most important social capital indicators due to its greater impact, and the social cohesion criterion has the highest importance in the first priority. Furthermore, the social environment factor is one of the most sensitive social capital indicators due to its greater susceptibility than other factors and its negative D-R vector. These results can help urban planners and policy makers make decisions related to urban development and the creation of creative urban areas, as well as individuals and organizations involved in urban development.

The lack of understanding of the concept of spatial quality, the lack of attention to its holistic approach, has led to the lack of formation of the desired quality of urban public spaces, which is unable to respond to the needs of citizens over time. Therefore, due to the inefficiency of urban public spaces, it is necessary to adopt an attitude that is appropriate to today's urban conditions. The modern thinking of integrated urban design with a holistic perspective has raised a new public arena in the world literature. Therefore, the present research tries to use this thinking in order to change the quality of urban public spaces in Iran, especially public spaces selected from the five districts of Tehran municipality. The current research method is qualitative-quantitative. In the qualitative phase, this article tries to introduce the application conditions of this thinking by using the content analysis method (literature review), a comparative study of the theoretical framework of integrated urban design thinking with a case study. In the quantitative stage of the research, the data collection method is a descriptive survey. The studied community is 24 experts in the field of architecture and urban planning. Extracted components were analyzed using SPSS software and through exploratory factor analysis. The results showed that there are five factors influencing the quality improvement of urban public spaces in this region, and the highest percentage of explained variance is related to the social component with 21.67%, which indicates the priority and importance of this factor. The findings of the research show that in addition to the overview of the concept of spatial quality, examining the concept of spatial quality from macro to micro scale in an integrated process, creating mechanisms to promote the place of the transdisciplinary approach of urban planning in the process of environmental planning and design. One of the prerequisites is to apply this thinking and improve the quality of urban public spaces.Spatial quality, despite the fact that it is a dynamic and comprehensive necessity and has great importance for spatial users, but it has not been properly defined so far. The lack of understanding of this concept is due to the fact that spatial quality has wide dimensions and includes different disciplines. This term is one of the main concepts in urban planning and design; Therefore, in order to understand this concept, it is necessary to examine it on the scale of public space, and paying attention to the trans discipline of urban planning is effective in understanding this concept. At the same time as the dimensions and nature of urban issues became more complex, one-dimensional concepts and frameworks faced a serious challenge. In this respect, the necessity of  Principles of integrative urban design, especially in Selected public spaces of District 5 of Tehran Municipality , becomes more evident. Tehran metropolis, as the center of the country, on the one hand, faces the density of performance and capital, and on the other hand, the crisis of the quality of public spaces. In this regard, 5 region of Tehran municipality needs to form a network of public spaces which at the same time has interactive qualitative indicators. Instead of solving the problems of the city and its citizens, these concepts have caused many crises and qualitative issues. A main goal, a part of which, by pursuing the issue of "What is the role and place of integrated urban design thinking in improving spatial quality in urban public spaces? The components and dimensions affecting spatial quality in urban public spaces using this thinking What are they?" followed and reflected in the present article.In this article, qualitative research methods, content analysis, have been used first. In the stage of developing the theoretical framework, the method of content analysis and interpretation of the findings was used, and in the stage of identifying the dimensions of this thinking in the selected samples, the quantitative method was used. The subject of urban design includes form, function, aesthetics, efficiency and product process, and the integration of intuitive and scientific methods can be a more powerful tool for urban design. In 5 region of Tehran Municipality, like other regions, attention to urban design has been focused more on formal aspects, that is, urban form and perceptual and visual features; But the urban form, as a container of urban activities, cannot be separated from its content, and there is always a mutual relationship between the two. Therefore, urban activities in urban design are considered as a secondary concern and it is necessary to integrate the elements of urban design theory including form, urban activity and intuitive and scientific methods. The process of integrating these laws and their applications in the basic elements of urban design (urban space and activity) needs a unifying element. In the position of conclusion and based on the position of this article, it should be mentioned that establishing the rules and principles of urban design in a practical way and based on environmental conditions by simultaneously paying attention to the elements of integrated urban design theory and at both global and local levels is possible. will be acceptable. Therefore, some integrated principles of urban design were emphasized both at the theoretical level and through theories in relation to the case study, and it shows that the desirable quality of urban spaces in this region was more related to physical quality.Based on what was obtained from the exploratory factor analysis of the experts' questionnaire, five factors including: social, functional, ecological, physical, and cognitive were determined among them. So that the criteria of accessibility and visual proportions have the highest factor load. In order to perform exploratory factor analysis, the varimax rotation method was used, and 10 criteria were examined as quality criteria of urban public spaces, and they explained 41.65% of the total variance.

Given that the physical quality of urban architecture in the 10th district of Tehran is facing, it is important to formulate the physical quality of urban architecture through the change of psychological components of the environment in this area. The main purpose of the research is to develop the physical quality of urban architecture (residential buildings) through the analysis of the psychological dimensions of the environment in the 10th district of Tehran to improve urban architecture for users, and the question is how to analyze and analyze the psychological dimensions. The environment developed urban architectural quality improvement strategies for users? A quantitative-quality method was used to answer this question. The research method is descriptive-analytical and the method of gathering information is a library and field studies with a questionnaire tool. Data analysis was also performed by the method of inductive reasoning and the use of one -way variance analysis and regression. The results showed that the main dimensions are categorized in functional, environmental, cultural, and motivational areas, and each of these dimensions has different components, the use of each of these micro -components together enhances the quality of residential buildings, followed by urban architecture. It becomes. Accordingly, the physical quality of the architecture of residential buildings by changing the psychological components of the environment in the 10th city of Tehran is: Understanding the nature of building materials that are sustainable in their nature and are in harmony with the region. While paying attention to the symbolic role of color and form in the body of residential buildings, both in terms of physical quality and in terms of improving and promoting motivational components of residents of the 10th district of Tehran, or as a significant element in urban architecture of this area, which can emotions and perceptions of individuals. To engage and improve their mentality for the quality of urban architecture in the area.

Social sustainability today, as the most important dimension of sustainable development, has an important place in urban planning and its importance in planning is constantly increasing with the increase of social problems and divergence between neighborhoods in terms of performance and participation. Therefore, this requires more research in urban studies. This study was conducted to investigate the role of social participation in the development of social sustainability in neighborhoods. For this purpose, the significance of the significant effect of these two variables has been measured. The research is applied in terms of purpose and descriptive-analytical in terms of method. Data collection was library and field method. The statistical population of the study consists of a group of experts who were selected by the available method of 20 people as the sample size of the study. Data collection tool is a questionnaire based on theoretical foundations and studies conducted on a five-point Likert scale. Data analysis was performed using structural equations with the help of Emus software. The results showed that the social participation of citizens in neighborhoods with a coefficient (beta) of 0.732 has a positive effect on sustainable social development of these neighborhoods and the relationship between these two variables is significant. In other words, sustainable social development will be strengthened by strengthening social participation. And the variables of sense of belonging, satisfaction with the neighborhood, participation in neighborhood activities and trust also have a positive effect on the variables of social participation in neighborhoods.

The main purpose of this study was analyzing the spatial development of knowledge-based and innovative in Tehran metropolitan area and provide solutions for balanced spatial distribution due to the overflow of benefits arising from the development of poles and clusters of knowledge and innovation in the region. This research is practical and quantitative-analytical in terms of method. The indices of Gini coefficient of spatial concentration of knowledge-based economic activities, Gini coefficient of regional specialization and average share of the spatial coefficient of knowledge-based activities from all economic activities were calculated by using the collected data from Statistical Centre of Iran. The path analysis was used to extract the experimental path of the balanced development of knowledge-based and innovative in ​​Tehran metropolitan area through regression analysis between research variables in SPSS software, Excel software and Geographic Information System (GIS). The research strategies are prioritized using the Quantitative Strategic Planning Matrix (QSPM) so that finally the superior strategies that have won the most points in achieving the balanced development of knowledge-based and innovative in Tehran metropolitan area would be presented. The results showed that in areas of the region where development through knowledge-based industries is being carried out and has created regional specialization, the Gini coefficient of spatial concentration of these activities is high and regional imbalance has been created, due to the participation of most of the cities in a series of specialized activities such as factory metal products except for machinery and equipment, spatial clustering of various branches of these industries has been done in the cities of the region.

Today, urban development is more than anything influenced by the urban construction system, and in the meantime, the approved rules and regulations play an important role in regulating urban development. With the rapid development of urbanization and the increasing increase of construction in recent decades, we are witnessing fundamental changes in the urban landscape that the cities have become the manifestation of each building in height, color, type of materials, etc. in the continuous wall of the streets. In this construction process, city managers and officials have tried to control the unfavorable conditions of this period by approving and enforcing various laws and regulations. In this regard, in the urban communities of Iran, the rules and regulations defined in the field of urban development, unfortunately, have not been significantly effective and this has caused serious disruptions in urban development. In this research, which has been done by descriptive-analytical method and field method and using a questionnaire tool, the sample size of 20 experts and experts of urban development projects in question in the field of strengths, weaknesses, threats and opportunities for efficiency of these rules and regulations Included (Article 100, 5 and 55 commissions). Therefore, first, the factors of strength, weakness, threat and opportunity were collected through the Delphi method through the Delphi method, and then the components of the research were identified. . The results of this study show that a defensive strategy with a measured value of 4.078 is recognized as a superior strategy in the field of providing strategies to increase the efficiency of urban development plans, followed by an offensive strategy with a value of 3.895 as a complementary strategy. Which shows the effect of pairwise comparisons of the items in the SWOT model. 

Urban development in the era of the need to approve and implement urban development plans more than ever. In this regard, the problem that causes problems in large metropolises is the lack of accurate implementation and violations in the implementation of urban development plans. In this study, we intend to investigate the areas of occurrence of these problems and violations in the implementation of urban development plans. 

In this research, which has been done by descriptive-analytical method and field method and using a questionnaire tool, the sample size of 20 experts and experts of urban development projects in question in the field of strengths, weaknesses, threats and opportunities for efficiency of these rules and regulations Included (Article 100, 5 and 55 commissions). Therefore, first, the factors of strength, weakness, threat and opportunity were collected through the Delphi method through the Delphi method, and then the components of the research were identified.

The results of this study show that the defensive strategy with a measured value of 4.078 is recognized as a superior strategy in the field of providing strategies to increase the efficiency of urban development plans, followed by an offensive strategy with a value of 3.895 as a complementary strategy. Which shows the effect of pairwise comparisons of the items in the SWOT model.

Based on the results, the most important strategies for implementing urban development plans are: resolving conflicts of law and developing transparency in determining crimes, developing specialized workshops in the field of spatial and physical development vision of the region with emphasis on the role of local institutions and Neighborhoods, resolving conflicts of law and developing transparency in determining severe punishments, paying attention to social justice by strengthening local institutions in the region and ... .

Due to the importance of the quality of life factor in the urban planning system, attention to the concept of intelligence and the expansion of its influence is brought up more and more, which has drawn the attention of many thinkers to the concept of a smart city, which results in the review and presentation of factors and indicators effective in the realization of a smart city. One of the effective factors is the emergence of startups. Therefore, the current research aims to present a smart city model using startups, which is mixed in terms of purpose, practicality and terms of data analysis. The statistical population in the qualitative phase was considered to include experts in the fields of urban planning and urban management, and 11 experts were selected using the sampling method. In the quantitative phase, the senior and middle managers of the municipalities of Tehran were selected as the statistical population and 350 people were selected as the statistical sample. To perform descriptive and inferential analyses, Spss and PLS Smart software were used. The research results led to a research model including nine comprehensive themes and twenty-one constructive themes. The analysis between these two variables with a significant number (17.809) and path coefficient (coefficient 0.945) showed that startups have a positive and relatively strong significant effect on the smart city. According to the research findings, it should be said that nowadays new organizational architectures, changing strategies and start-ups are used to realize the smart city. Because the smart city is managed based on data and the use of complex information technology systems to integrate services and urban infrastructure. The main axis of transformation and development in the smart city is information technology, startups and urban innovations in line with the implementation and realization of the smart city They have a special place.

Physical security in residential areas and neighborhoods has led to an increase in the quantitative and qualitative level of well-being and provides the basis for the formation of residents' interaction in the urban environment. However, usually in urban environments, sustainable housing plays the greatest role in increasing and realizing physical security. In this regard, the aim of this research is to investigate and analyze the indicators of sustainable housing and their role in the realization and promotion of physical security in the neighborhoods of the 17th district of Tehran metropolis. The research method in this study is descriptive-analytical and practical in terms of purpose. The method of data collection was done in the library and field, and the sampling was purposeful, and 20 urban specialists and experts were selected for questioning. Weighting and determining the value of subjective indicators (33 sub-indices in 6 categories of equitable distribution of residential services, efficient transportation, vitality, healthy environment, fair housing, and dynamic cultural heritage) and objective (14 sub-indices in 3 categories of design-architecture, technical indicators - Engineering and accessibility), using the methods of pairwise comparisons and fuzzy AHP, and the desirability of each of the indicators and their role in physical security, separated by localities, are displayed in the GIS environment. The results of the research showed that Yaftabad and East Abuzar neighborhoods have a favorable situation in terms of physical security with weight (0.132 and 0.084), respectively. Golchin (0.078) and Boloursazi (0.076) locations are in acceptable condition; Bagh Khazaneh (0.074) and Emamzadeh Hasan (0.073) neighborhoods are in average condition; The localities of Jalili (0.066), West Abuzar (0.064), Zehtabi (0.063) and Emam Sajjad (AS) (0.062) are in poor condition and the localities of Vesfanard (0.060), Azari (0.058) ), Moghadam (0.057) and Zamzam (0.050) are in unfavorable conditions.

At the same time, housing is the main factor of people's socialization towards the world and the major and decisive capital in the social organization of space, which plays a very decisive role in the formation of individual identity, social relations, and collective goals of people. Housing is more than a physical structure, it is an institution with a multi-dimensional function, which has different spatial, architectural, physical, economic, social, financial, psychological, and medical dimensions. Housing is the most important element of the city, and in the sustainable development of the city, paying attention to its sustainability is known as its most essential aspect. Therefore, the relationship between sustainability and housing is two-way. In this regard, man has different needs during his life, which he plans to fulfill. In today's world, in terms of the expansion of urbanization and the special interactions of citizens with each other, as well as from the perspective of urban design and architecture, security in cities has gained special importance. The need for security in cities has brought spatial and physical reflections as an important and vital principle. Therefore, establishing security in the urban structure and giving citizens a sense of security is increasingly important. In fact, the basis of urban life is based on this axis.

The research method used in this study is descriptive-analytical and practical in terms of purpose. The method of data collection has been carried out in the form of the library (examination of documents, statistics information, and research related to the subject) and field (interview and questionnaire distribution). Sampling was purposeful and 20 urban experts were selected for questioning. In this research, to analyze the indicators (two categories of mental and objective indicators); In the analysis of subjective indicators, scoring was done using the opinions of specialists and urban experts, and finally, using the "pairwise comparison" method, the indicators were weighted, and the effects of each of them (indicators) were determined with different intensity and weakness in the localities. For the objective indicators, weighting and ranking were done using Fuzzy AHP, and the layers related to each of their dimensions and sub-indices were prepared in the GIS environment, finally, the neighborhoods in terms of the impact of sustainable housing on physical security were divided into neighborhoods and stratified into three Weak, medium and favorable categories were identified.

The results show from the objective indicators aspect, in terms of design-architecture dimension indicators such as the number of building floors, area (smallness), population density, indefensible spaces (lack of lighting), and residential density; The neighborhoods of the 17th district of Tehran are not very different from each other. Only "Yaftabad neighborhood" is in a favorable situation in this regard. "Emamzadeh Hasan neighborhood" is also in an average condition and the rest of the neighborhoods are also in an unfavorable condition. In this regard, the physical texture of area 17 has the following characteristics: extremely worn and dense, incoherent and disjointed, irregular in terms of the type of use and having strong interference of use, having granularity with an increase in fine-grained elements, compactness of the texture and their location on Mainly narrow and long passages, high wear and tear of residential and non-residential units, construction of buildings using non-resistant and non-standard materials, old buildings, etc. Finally, by scoring and summarizing the weight of all the indicators related to the physical security of the neighborhoods of the 17th region, they were categorized into 3 categories with favorable, medium, and weak spectra. The localities of Yaftabad and East Abuzar, Boloursazi, and Golchin have a favorable situation in terms of physical security. Bagh Khazaneh and Eemamzadeh Hassan and Jalili neighborhoods are in average condition and West Abuzar, emam Sajjad, Zehtabi, Azari, Moghadam, Wesfanard and Zamzam neighborhoods are in unfavorable conditions. From the metal indicators aspect, "Azari, Moghadam, Golchin, Wesfanard and Zehtabi" localities are in poor condition; "Boloursazi, Eemamzadeh Hasan and Yaftabad" localities are in average condition and "Bagh Khazaneh, East Abuzar , West Abuzar, Emam Sajjad" localities ), Jalili and Zamzam" are in the ideal state of stable housing in order to achieve physical security. It should be noted that this classification is based on the scoring of selected experts on subjective indicators.

In this research, after stating the features of sustainable housing in the target area and checking the normality or abnormality of the indicators, the most important features affecting the promotion of physical security in the said area were determined. In this regard, the selected indicators were divided into two subjective and objective categories. Subjective indicators were scored and validated by urban experts. For this purpose, 33 sub-indices were identified and extracted in 6 categories of fair distribution of residential services, efficient transportation, vitality, healthy environment, fair housing, and dynamic cultural heritage, and the "paired comparisons" method was used to weight and normalize them. Also, in the objective indicators section, 14 sub-indices were selected in 3 categories of design-architecture, technical-engineering, and accessibility indicators, and for their weighting and normalization, the fuzzy AHP model was used in the GIS environment. The results showed that the neighborhoods identified based on the degree of desirability of having stable housing in order to achieve physical security based on subjective and objective indicators are very different from each other.

Metropolitan regions as a new form of urbanization are expanding rapidly and under the influence of different factors, have different growth patterns. The main purpose of this article is to investigate the evolution of form in the metropolitan area of Tehran under the influence of urban land expansion during the years 1986 to 2016 using the urban land density function. The results of this study show that the trend of urban land expansion in recent years has shifted the shape of the region to a scattered and decentralized pattern. The results of the study of the expansion of urban land in the form of the region at the middle and micro level show that other cities around the metropolis of Tehran have become wider and more scattered over time. Findings show that over time, urban density in urban areas and rural areas and around the metropolis of Tehran has increased under the influence of urban expansion waves.  In the metropolitan area of Tehran, the increase in the boundary between the urban edge and the surrounding areas over a period of thirty years describes the vast urban expansion. In the metropolitan area of Tehran, in recent years, the slope, changes in barren lands, distance from built-up areas, changes in agricultural use, and distance from main roads have had the greatest impact on the expansion of urban land. The rapid growth and urban sprawl in a metropolitan area in metropolitan areas, above all, affect the peripheral areas and cause a disruption of the spatial order, the destruction of natural lands around, increasing marginalization and informal settlement and integration of areas. It becomes a village in the urban space.

Resilience means thinking and creating measures to quickly return to the original state after an incident. A city without resilient infrastructure is highly vulnerable to disasters. With the increasing environmental challenges facing humans in the modern era, this concept has been expanded in various fields of science and redefined by scientists in different disciplines. This approach is seen as a suitable alternative to rigid and engineered approaches. A resilient community is capable of returning relatively quickly to its previous state, while a community with less resilience may take longer to recover or may not be able to recover at all. Iran is among the countries with very high vulnerability to natural disasters due to its geographical and geological conditions. 7.31% of its total area is in areas at risk of natural disasters, and 70% of the country's population reside in areas at risk. Increased resilience and decreased vulnerability among local communities allow for the continuous and sustainable development of residents in the face of natural threats, and subsequent disasters cannot disrupt people's lives. Therefore, explaining the relationship between resilience to threats and reducing their effects, with emphasis on its dimension, is of great importance. Therefore, if the quality of public spaces improves, the voluntary presence of citizens increases, and therefore, the possibility of diverse and higher quality activities is provided. The geographical scope of the research is district 14 of Tehran Municipality, which is one of the densely populated areas of the city and located in the eastern outskirts of Tehran. This area has very suitable welfare facilities and services, and housing costs are very reasonable, so it has a high population density and is known for its small size. This research aims to explain the resilient city based on urban planning with a tactical approach in district 14 of Tehran Municipality.

The present study consists of two theoretical and empirical sections. The theoretical section is based on library studies which focus on collecting and categorizing different theories. In the empirical method, expert opinions were used to identify and rank the influential factors on service innovation, and the information was collected and analyzed. In this research, due to the large number of experts, a sampling method was used and 100 experts were selected. This study is of an applied type in terms of purpose, and of a descriptive-analytical type in terms of method, and the information gathering method is empirical. After extracting the indicators based on expert opinions, the hierarchical analysis process is carried out to analyze them. The method of data analysis in this research is based on the prioritization model of factors affecting urban planning with a tactical approach, and examining the city's resilience using fuzzy Delphi and fuzzy BWM methods. Initially, the indicators are validated or screened by the fuzzy Delphi method, and finally weighted using the fuzzy BWM method.

District 14 of the Tehran municipality is one of the areas within the city of Tehran. Located along the course of the Red River, it originates from the eastern heights of Tehran and flows southward. Due to physical, functional, social, economic, and environmental issues, the older parts of the district have unfavorable conditions. However, guidelines for identifying these areas focus on the physical-structural aspects, and 3 criteria of instability, granularity, and penetrability have been used to recognize these districts. Among the sub-criteria for downtime-related issues, the existence of aesthetic elements has obtained the highest rank with a weight of 0.425. The presence of suitable urban furniture has obtained the second rank with a weight of 0.323, and the status of the coverage of alleys and streets has obtained the third rank with a weight of 0.25. The results demonstrate that there are appropriate opportunities for tactical urbanism in the resilient city. Researchers have also studied the measurement of social resilience in urban environments using statistical methods and have provided various frameworks, indicating that there are differences in the components and indices employed at the regional level. Researchers have emphasized topics such as physical and social resilience in historical contexts, the use of resilience indices in metropolitan management, strategic crisis management with an urban resilience approach, and the need for implementing executive programs to improve urban infrastructure resilience and using appropriate indicators and models to measure urban resilience.Regarding resilience and the use of the tactical approach, the average score for tactical urbanism was 35.62, with a minimum score of 18 and a maximum score of 52, while the average score for resilience was 70.79, with a minimum score of 57 and a maximum score of 67. The average score for presence was 10.12, with a minimum score of 4 and a maximum score of 16. The average score for downtime was 16.73, with a minimum score of 7 and a maximum score of 28, and the average score for participation was 10.12, with a minimum score of 0 and a maximum score of 7. The correlation coefficient obtained from the components of tactical urbanism with resilience was significant at 99% confidence, indicating a meaningful relationship between the two at a 0.01 level of significance.

General, tactical urbanism can be defined as a new approach that is based on community participation and the use of short-term, high-impact projects. Tactical urbanism requires taking into account some design principles to create dynamic and vibrant public spaces. Nowadays, much of the literature on urbanism discusses the ideals of tactical urbanism. Harrison notes that the characteristics of this approach include everyday spaces for public activity and the recognition that these features and everyday urban activities constitute a social product. Citizens are practically living in a tactical city every day since they follow a flexible planning in using the environment and demand active participation in shaping the urban space. Citizen participation is the first factor in achieving tactical urbanism in such a way that the neglect and lack of participation of citizens will lead to undesired outcomes. Tactical urbanism is a broad concept used to describe a variety of temporary and low-cost changes made to the built environment. These changes are usually made in cities with the goal of improving the condition of neighborhoods and public places.

Urbanization, as the second revolution in human culture, has caused a change in the interaction between humans and the environment. This transformation has caused changes in the living environment. In the new era, smartening factors in cities have led to a significant growth of all major variables of citizenship life. Based on this, the purpose of the present study is an analysis of urban intelligence in promoting urban livability in District 2 of Tehran Municipality. The research method is applied in terms of purpose and descriptive in nature. The collection of field data is based on a questionnaire. Research findings based on the Vickover model show that the level of livability of neighborhoods is very different. Saadatabad, the most livable neighborhood, is located in front of Farahzad neighborhood in unfavorable conditions. The results of correlation coefficient show a direct relationship between smart city and city livability with a correlation coefficient of 0.666. Also, the results of t-test show that among the studied components, the intelligent citizen component with a beta coefficient of 0.563 had the greatest impact on viability.

One of the most important issues that has always threatened human societies throughout history has been the occurrence of natural hazards. Hence, urban thinkers and planners seek to develop approaches to reduce urban vulnerability and increase resilience. District 1 of Tehran Municipality is considered as one of the most dangerous and vulnerable areas of Tehran metropolis with its North Tehran fault, Niavaran fault, Mahmoudieh fault. Zone one is also constantly exposed to floods due to the high slope in the northern parts and the presence of runoff. High density of impermeable surfaces and high volume of runoff in zone one, as well as being at the foot of the mountain, are the main reasons for flood-potential in the study sample (Salmani Foumani et al., 1398: 51). The question is what is the vulnerability of district one of Tehran municipality against natural hazards (floods and earthquakes)? To identify the current situation, prioritize the necessary management and planning actions and planning in the face of a possible crisis of future risks.

The present study is applied in terms of purpose and descriptive-analytical in terms of method. First, using library and documentary studies, such as the study of texts related to the subject and previous research, and the use of expert opinions in this field, effective indicators on vulnerability in cities were identified. The raw data of the research are extracted from the statistical blocks of Tehran Region 1 and the GIS map of the study sample and for data analysis, reverse hierarchical analysis or IHWP is used.

In this part of the research, documentary studies were used to extract the indicators for assessing the vulnerability of urban areas to hazards. These indicators include: population density; Maximum ground acceleration; Distance from the channel; Fault; Access to medical centers; Width; Access to fire stations; Access to open and green spaces; Distance from gas station and CNG; Distance from worn tissue; Sewage cover; Distance from bridges. In the last step, the final map is obtained by classifying the data into 5 distinct categories in terms of vulnerability and by overlaying the layers. According to the results, of the total area of ​​District 1 of Tehran Municipality, 14.95% of the area with very low vulnerability, 23.28% of the area with low vulnerability, 27.03% of the area with moderate vulnerability, 23.59 with high vulnerability And 11.14% have a very high vulnerability. As can be seen in Map 4, the center and west of the region are more damaged and the damage is reduced from west to east. 

Due to the climatic and physical conditions of the region, the plan to widen the passages for narrow passages of the city, especially in the center of the region, should be considered. The rivers Jamshidia, Darabad, Darband, Darkeh, Lark, Maghsoud Beyk, Velenjak and Golabdareh may be flooded, so the river area in this section should be controlled; At the same time, in this field, with proper planning and management, steps can be taken to eliminate the shortcomings and problems.

Today, urban development is influenced more than anything else by the urban construction system, and the approved rules and regulations play a significant role in regulating urban development. In the urban communities of Iran, the rules and regulations defined in the field of urban development, unfortunately, have not been significantly effective, and this has made urban development face serious disturbances.The rules related to construction also undoubtedly have an effective role in achieving the high goals of urban planning, providing health, well-being, beauty, peace, safety and security, and complying with them while providing the aforementioned goals, improves the quality and increases the useful life of buildings. turns Rules and regulations are the means of implementing plans and programs.

The current research has been done with descriptive-analytical method and relying on library resources including documents, books and theses and articles in this field. Field survey and questionnaire data collection have also been used in this research. The statistical population in this research includes experts and university professors and urban management experts, and since this population does not have a specific number, the sample size was determined and estimated by the Cochran method (that is, the sample size is 389 people). In terms of validity, the questionnaire of this research has been met by the professors, and also in terms of reliability, using Cronbach's alpha analysis, a value of 0.88 has been obtained for it, which indicates high reliability. The collected data has been analyzed in the SPSS environment. This section included two areas of descriptive analysis and inferential analysis. In the descriptive analysis section, the characteristics of the respondents in terms of age, gender, education, etc. were discussed, and in the inferential section, t-tests, multivariate regression, and Friedman's test were used.

The results of these tests in terms of the efficiency of the criteria, which were checked using the one-sample t-test and regression, show that the value of the t-test for the components of Article 100 Commission (-18), Article 5 Commission (-15) and Article 55 Commission ( 7-) has been. Also, in the field of the commission component of Article 100, the value of the regression coefficient was 0.005, the commission of Article 5 was 0.001, and for the commission of Article 55, the value was 0.000.

In general, the results of these two tests indicate that the regulations and rules of urban planning in the field of the mentioned commissions have had the least efficiency in the existing constructions in the studied area.

Today, urban management aims to achieve social welfare for all citizens, to find ways to improve the standard of living and ways to receive public services, and finally to provide the basic needs of urban society. This research aims to measure the performance variables of urban management regarding citizens' access to social welfare indicators in the 18th district of Tehran. The research method is "content analysis" and "survey". Data were collected using a questionnaire. SPSS and GIS software were used for data analysis. Based on the results of the integrated model of the average ranks in this research, the performance of urban management and its effect on the level of welfare of citizens using TOPSIS, FAZI, VIKOR and WASPAS models showed that the health neighbourhoods, Valiasr North, Sahibulzaman, and Valiasr South are in the rank of enjoyment. The areas of Ferdous Town, Imam Khomeini Town, Hefdeh Shahrivar, and Shahid Rajaei are in the category of semi-enjoyed urban welfare. The neighbourhoods of Yaftabad, and Shamsabad, are in the category of low enjoyment, and the neighbourhoods of Khaleej Fars and Sadeghieh are also in the rank of not enjoying urban welfare. A significant difference higher than 0.05 indicates that in Sadeghieh neighbourhoods with an average difference of -5.2, Gulf of Fars with an average difference of -4.88, and Shamsabad neighbourhood with an average difference of -4.83, the most dissatisfaction of citizens is seen. The indicators of the physical dimensions are different in the studied localities and health localities with an average difference (-0.27), Northern Valiasr (-0.32), Sahibul Zaman (-0.34), Southern Valiasr (-0.41) with a smaller difference and At a significance level higher than 0.05, it indicates that the performance of urban management in the welfare of citizens has been more than other localities

The 12 District population is equivalent to 17.5 percent of the Tehran population total and covers 2.7 percent of the Tehran area total; However, 32.9 percent of Tehran's crimes was committed in 12 District. The purpose of the present research is causes explanation of Hot-spot crimes formation in Tehran Metropolitan 12 District based on location deviation theory components (poverty, worn texture, density, and land use and population fluidity).

This article is an applied and descriptive-analytic one. Graphical statistical models have been used to spatial patterns identification of crime distribution in the city. For the data analysis, has used graphic-based statistical methods in GIS and T-statistics and Arc / GIS and SPSS software.

Crime concentration has happened in the Arg Pamenar, Ferdowsi-Laleh Zar, Baharestani Saadi, Mokhtari Takhty, Jaleh Absardar Qayyam, Kowsar, Gushesh Shoosh and Siruszones. The crimes percentage highest occurred in worn out blocks of 60-40 percent, 80-60 percent, 100-80 percent. The crime rates highest were in commercial use (55 percent of total crimes), residential (21.07 percent), services (9.22 percent), industrial and workshop (6.96 percent). The population fluidity of the night (240 thousand people) and the day (2 million people) has caused the phenomenon of night-life and urban crime.

Based on the one-sample t-test, the significance value of the research components is less than 0.05. The inadequacy of the components of poverty, burnout, density, land use and population fluidity (less than 3) has been confirmed due to the negative t-statistics, high and low limits and low average in region 12.