جستجوی مقالات مرتبط با کلیدواژه « cpted » در نشریات گروه « جغرافیا »

Lack of security, risk and fear of victimization are things that threaten the use of public space and the creation of a successful and desirable urban space. Therefore, the aim of this study is to evaluate the psychological components of spatial desirability in urban space with a crime reduction approach in the study area.

The research is descriptive-analytical based on statistical analysis. The sample size is 384 people with 37 questions and a reliability coefficient of 0.764, which used convergent and divergent validity. Data were analyzed based on SPSS software and the results were presented with inferential and exploratory approach.

The coefficient of multiple correlation between the research variables is equal to 0.811 and based on the regression estimation of mass reduction is equal to (0.231) environmental reduction design + (0.355) spatial desirability from the perspective of environmental psychology is + 1.814.

According to the findings, the results show that in terms of spatial desirability from the perspective of environmental psychology, items: air pollution, visual disturbance, graffiti, urban furniture layout, clean environment, congestion and green space and in terms of crime prevention design, items: Territorialism, enlightenment, disciplinary patrols are above the middle of the theory of analysis and are considered as a kind of critical factors that should be considered in the design of urban space.

Security is one of the most important and basic needs of communities and creation of human settlements. From the first cave dwellings to the complex and intelligent cities of today, man has sought to dedermine security for himself. Security is the source of the emergence and shine of other urban qualities, such as vitality. With the advent of urban trends and the intertwining of urban issues, one of the issues that was significantly felt by urban designers was the importance of a fundamental factor in the dynamism and vitality of urban spaces, namely the sense of security. The first design thinking about security was a deterministic approach to urban environments, which did not yield the desired results. With the beginning of participatory processes and the involvement of more and more citizens in urban decisions, while paying more attention to citizens' opinions, the efficiency of today's cities has doubled. The present study seeks to examine security from two different perspectives: specialized (expert) and popular (citizen-based). Due to the need to involve the opinions and votes of citizens as the main users of urban spaces, in this study, the feeling of security in the two historical passages of the Sange-Siahe of Shiraz and the historical passage of the Joibareh of Isfahan, was examined in two ways. Also, using CPTED approach, indicators were developed and the most up-to-date guidelines implemented for security were reviewed. The present article also seeks to provide design solutions to improve the security of urban spaces through comparative comparison. The extracted indices were prioritized using AHP technique and Expert Choice software based on the opinion of experts and finally the weight of each was determined. In order to collect data and check the security of the study area, each of the two selected samples was divided into three spatial sequences and the field score of each criterion was calculated with field recordings and at the end the weight score of each sequence was calculated. Also, the research methods of people like "Jack L. Nasar" were used to examine the opinions of citizens. The research method in the present research is descriptive-analytical. Citizens' opinions were also assessed through a questionnaire. In the end, the opinions of experts and citizens were turned into a map through quantification methods. By comparing the produced maps, and based on the weight scores of each sequence, the causes of weakness of each were identified and an appropriate solution was presented in the form of strategy and policy. The results show that perceived security is different based on the opinions of citizens and experts, which means that the safest part of the passage, from the point of view of experts, is the most insecure part from the point of view of citizens. Such results show the difference between the views of experts and space users and confirm the importance of paying attention to the votes and opinions of citizens and involving them in the processes of designing efficient and lively urban spaces.

Introduction Design through security (CPTED) approach is one of the most effective and efficient approaches in promoting urban security that can play a significant role in securing urban spaces.The purpose of this study is to describe the purpose of the applied research and the nature and methodology of the research in the field of descriptive-analytical research and empirical-survey method. The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between planning and planning of urban spaces and preventing the occurrence of index crimes in explaining the literature and background of the research subject and presenting an analytical model of library studies. . The statistical population consisted of all the citizens of the six suburbs of Urmia (Digaleh, Slaughterhouse, Islamabad, Haji Pirlo, Vakilabad, Chlouchapan) and the sample population was 250 different citizens.Data were analyzed by SPSS software using multivariate regression tests to detect the relationship between dependent and independent variables. The results indicated that there was a direct and significant relationship between independent and dependent variables of the research The more environmental design components (surveillance, territoriality, image and space maintenance, support activity, crime targeting) are strengthened among urban residents, the lower the crime rate in suburban areas.

Security has always been one of the most important human needs, this notion is defined once a person is present in an urban space. Therefore, the physical aspects of the city play an important role in its quality. One of the leading approaches to reducing crime, and consequently increasing security, is CPTED, which was inspired by Jane Jacobs's "Eyes on the Street" and Oscar Newman's "Defenseless Spaces" theories. But these theories have neglected addressing the quality of people's presence in the community and its relation with security issues. Bill Hayler's Space Syntax theory examines this phenomenon as a relation to co-presence of citizens. For this purpose, the present paper first examines the environmental security in Sarasiab neighborhood of Tehran using a checklist, based on the CPTED principles and strategies. Then, using Depth Map software, the neighborhood map has been extracted and the impact of space syntax on its environmental security has been evaluated. The results of the above findings, which have been gathered in the SWOT table, indicate a low level of environmental security in the Sarasiab neighborhood. For this reason, it has come up with the necessary suggestions for promoting environmental safety in the form of strategic design principles. Finally, modeling the impact of proposed physical changes to improve spatial configuration, interconnection and environmental security has been carries out.

The crime is caused by several factors that one of them is physical factors. In this regard, the purpose of this study is to investigate the role of environmental design in crime prevention in Nematabad neighborhood of Tehran, as well as providing solutions to improve the conditions of this neighborhood.

The present study was conducted in a descriptive-analytical approach by using a field method. So, by using the Cochran model, the sample size was determined 364 people. In the next step, based on the results of the questionnaire, field observations and official documents, the analysis of the findings was done using SPSS software. Finally, the overall effect of CPTED's first components on crime prevention in Nematabad neighborhood was investigated. Has been.

Research findings indicate that the principles of environmental design for crime prevention in the Nematabad neighborhood were not adequately respected so that, the average of environmental design indicators for crime prevention in the Nematabad neighborhood is 2.90 in Likert range (1-5), which is even lower than the mediocre level. At a more detailed level, among the CPTED criteria, indicators of management and maintenance (3/10), territoriality (2.95), natural surveillance (2.90), access control (2.89), activity support (2.63) had the highest average, respectively.

Cities with all the new facilities, are not capable of providing safety & peace for citizens, like in the past. therefore, the attention to the concept of citizen safety and its promotion methods has become one of the main priorities of urban professionals and theorists. New environmental design approaches emphasize the fact that, paying attention to the physical structure of urban spaces and application of special rules in them, a wide range of crimes can be prevented. The CPTED approach can be considered as a kind of targeted approach to the efficient and intelligent design of environmental components in crime reduction, which effectively affects social capital increase, improving quality of life, increasing citizenship satisfaction, and improving social welfare of the community. This research seeks to assess the feasibility of implementing the CPTED approach in Islamic cities. In the present study, the indexes of Islamic city and CPTED approach are measured in Tabriz municipalities using Pearson and regression tests. The calculations indicate that there is a meaningful relationship between the indicators of the Islamic city and monitoring public spaces, supporting the development of social activities, controlling of visual and physical access to urban spaces, paying attention to the hierarchy and the scope of urban spaces are most important in applying the CPTED approach in the Tabriz municipality regions.

The need for security is one of the most fundamental needs of human and the crime issue is included in the most important issues of human society. The prevention and reduction of crime is a matter that has an interdisciplinary nature, and requires the together attention of architects, urban-planners, and humanities experts. This paper studies the assessment of CPTED’s mold components in order to enhance the security in the Rasht’s residential complexes (Abrisham, Pardisan, and Kaktoos) and reduce the crime in there. In this study, the descriptive-analytic research methods, a questionnaire-based quantitative method, and literature review has been used. Moreover, the field-researches method is another approach that has been used in this study. On the other hand, the software SPSS, Friedman test, and variance analyses have been used for statistical analysis. According to the infinity of the society, the sample size was calculated based on Cochran’s optimal size formula and the result was 384 people. Finally, the main questionnaire with 36 questions was provided for 390 people. The results show that the strategies of Crime Prevention through Environmental Designs (CPTDE) such as territory-definition, monitoring, entry and access controls, and environmental quality earned coefficients of 0.464, 0.533, 0.561, and 0.402 respectively and with meaningful level less than 0.05, have an inverse correlation with crime trend; in the other words when these factors are included in the architecture designs further, the crime trends are reduced in the residential complexes accordingly.

Introduction The most important human need is security, which is one of the most important factors in the quality of urban design and influences the presence of citizens in urban neighborhoods and, consequently, the vitality of neighborhoods. Several factors have a role in the emergence of crime, one of which is physical factors. Prevention through environmental design can be effective in improving the quality of life and increasing citizenship satisfaction. The selected approach in this research is the CPTED approach.
The worn-out area of Zeinabayeh area of Isfahan located in district 14 of the municipality with an area of 91.5 hectares is studied here. Based on the research carried out by the Police Station of Isfahan province in 2009, the highest frequency of crime (17.9%) is related to the 7th and 14th municipalities of Isfahan (Shahivandi, Soltani, & Ahmadi, 2009). Investigating the status and the amount of crime committed in Zeinabayeh range and the physical and social conditions governing it has doubled the importance of addressing the issue of security in the Zeinabayeh area of Isfahan. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the effect of the physical environment on preventing crime, increasing the sense of security of citizens, improving the quality of life, and increasing the satisfaction of residents in Zeinabayeh area of Isfahan.
Methodology The research method is descriptive-analytical and applied. Theoretically, the data collection is conducted through reviewing the records of libraries and other information centers as well as documents. In collecting the physical data, the current status of the fieldwork dealt with using a questionnaire, and interviews to examine the characteristics of insecure environments and to measure the amount of physical indices. Also, in order to analyze the statistical data, correlation, chi-square, and Friedman tests were used in SPSS software. Using SPSS software, Cronbach's alpha coefficient (its value for all questionnaire questions was higher than 0.7), the validity and reliability of the questionnaire were verified and confirmed. The statistical population of this study is the number of households living in the Zeinabayeh worn out area of Isfahan. According to the latest available statistics, the population living in this area is 26280 people. Based on the household size 4, households (statistical population) were calculated to be 6570. To save time and money, we chose the sample of the Cochran formula. Regarding insecure environmental conditions and low literacy and high age, a sample size of 250 families was determined. To this end, considering the probable problems and the error of the answers and questionnaires, 300 questionnaires were distributed in a simple and systematic manner in the range of the study, 44 of the questionnaires were excluded from the study process, and 256 questionnaires were approved and the research work continued with this number of acceptable questionnaires.
Results This research investigates the effect of nine structural components (land use, urban furniture, visual fit, environmental health, readability, grain size and area compression, passages, vegetation, and informal monitoring) as independent variables on security as a dependent variable in Isfahan Zeinabayeh neighborhood. According to the results of the Chi-square test, the variables of land use, urban furniture, visual fit, readability, environmental health, informal supervision and passages as independent variables and sense of security as dependent variables were found to have a statistically significant level less than 0.01; it can be concluded that with 99.9% of confidence, independent and dependent variables have a significant relationship with each other. Significant level in the study of the relationship between vegetation variables and security was found to be higher than 5%, which indicates that there is no significant relationship between the two variables. Also, to correlate the correlations of each of the physical indices with the security, the correlation test was used. The results showed that there is a high correlation among land use variables, urban furniture and informal supervision, and security. Also, according to the results of Friedman test, which was measured using a questionnaire, visibility and visual fits were the most desirable while vegetation cover and informal monitoring were the most undesirable factor. This means that they should be prioritized in the planning for the study area. According to the data collected from the questionnaire and the results of the test of the ratio of binomial (ratio), the security of the study area is low. In other words, according to the significance level (0.000) and the frequency, the responses given to the medium, low and very low were about 80%, and with 95% confidence, residents are dissatisfied with the security of their area, and they believed that security was at a low level.
Conclusion Providing security in cities in addition to law enforcement and social institutions is one of the tasks of urban planners and policy makers. Regarding the results of data analysis and statistical tests, the study of the physical condition of the study area showed that vegetation indices and informal monitoring were recognized as the weakest indicators. There is a significant relationship between all physical indices except vegetation as an independent variable and security as the dependent variable. The land use and urban furniture index have the highest correlation with environmental security. Also, in the eyes of citizens, inappropriate lighting in the urban furniture sector and the presence of land in the area of land use and congestion in the segment of tissue area will have the greatest impact on security. Considering the importance of three areas of land use, urban furniture and vegetation, all projects and activities in the Isfahan Zeinabayeh area with these three indicators and with the aim of improving its quality level should be carried out. What modern people can do is not to eradicate the issue of crime because it is beyond the control of the person, but, he is able to minimize the crime through the proper design of the environment. At the end of the research, to improve the quality of life, increase citizenship satisfaction, and reduce crime according to the CPTED approach, strategies are presented separately for each indicator together with executive suggestions.

One of the most important criteria of measuring the degree of a country’s development is to what extent women are important and appreciated there. Scholars believe that development is kind of human-centered and The development of the society depends on the efficient use of their human resource capacities. The improvement of human life and realization of social justice are both the mean and the goal of comprehensive development. For the progress and prosperity of a society, all the resources and capacities and even all the potentials of a society must be realized. Sustainable development is the integration of economic, social and environmental objectives in order to maximize human welfare without damaging the ability of future generations to meet their needs. Generally speaking, the formation and growth of cities rely on two main factors: organic growth and planned development. It is believed that two major factors of nature and men have been involved in the formation and development of cities. Unfortunately, women need as half of urban residents have been ignored in the planning of the city. The main purpose of this study was applicable, the methodology was descriptive-analytical and the method of data collection was documentary, field study and direct presence at related organizations. Research findings indicates that in recent years, men and women have experienced the urban space differently and women compared to men do not benefit equally from urban space. Although according to law and human rights, urban spaces are accessible to everyone, women, themselves, are as one factors of such consequences. They are always aware of problems of their presence in urban environments and in case of active participation with city planners, they can provide a safe environment for themselves and their families. The process of data collection was done through giving a questionnaire based on CPTED to women about their reduced sense of security in urban spaces (one streets of Tehran). The findings about security in above-mentioned urban spaces revealed that in countries where there are a deeper cultural and religious beliefs or if they are all male-oriented, it creates a feeling of insecurity in social, cultural and psychological fields and affects all segments of society. So there should be more detailed criteria in relation to women and indicators of environmental design.

Feel of peace and security is an important issue that will lead to stability in cities. Crimes are one of the important factors that reduce public safety. Due to the cost and inefficiency of other ways to deal with crime, studying the principles of Crime Prevention through Environmental Design (CPTED) strategies and using this approach in urban areas is necessary more than past. One of the immunization strategies for the urban environment is using correct lighting techniques, therefore in the present study lighting conditions and safety in the Mellat Park in Zanjan city has been studied with emphasis on the principles of CPTED. This study is based on the analytic-descriptive method and the essential data have been collected through documentary and survey methods. The Safety Audit model has been used to assess the safety of Mellat Park, and in order to analyze data, Geographic Information System (GIS) was used. Research findings show poor lighting in the large parts of the park and indicate the inappropriate safety level of the park. According to the findings, the lighting equipment due to improper design are not efficient enough and they do not match with the principles of Crime Prevention through Environmental Design (CPTED).