جستجوی مقالات مرتبط با کلیدواژه « economic effects » در نشریات گروه « جغرافیا »

Rural development is one of the goals of governments, especially in developing countries; Because the villages, having many natural resources and agriculture, due to the existence of many problems and problems such as poverty, unemployment, weak economic infrastructure, lack of endogenous service activities, low productivity rate in the agricultural sector and rural production sector and decline Natural resources, development and creation of sustainable employment are limited in it. This issue has caused rural development to receive special attention in recent decades, and theorists, planners, and government executives are trying to come up with new strategies and solutions for the problems and issues that these areas are facing. , reduce One of these strategies that is of interest in most countries of the world and its implementation has brought positive results is the development and expansion of industries in rural areas; In other words, by increasing public welfare, reducing poverty and creating positive effects in other dimensions of development, the action for the development of rural industries can provide the basis for creating a suitable living space in environmental, social and cultural dimensions for the villagers. The creation of towns and industrial areas is one of the common approaches of industrialization in order to facilitate and concentrate activities and actions. The development of industrial areas is a suitable stimulus for the formation of industrial units and a suitable platform for increasing the production and productivity of active industries and As a result, it increases the sustainability of industrialization in the village. One of the most important duties of the government is planning to reduce the problems of the people. In the third world countries, especially in Iran, the problems in rural areas are doubly burdening the villagers, so that the pressure on agricultural land, the low standard of living and the unemployment of the rural workforce are among the most important of them, which seems to be Industrialization of villages can be the best strategy in this regard.

According to the nature of the problem and the subject under investigation, the research method in the present study is descriptive-analytical and a questionnaire was used to collect information. The statistical population under study includes 5 villages around Shirin Asal Shabstar industrial town, which according to the census of 2015 has a total of 6357 people based on Table 1, and the sample population is estimated to be 350 people according to Cochran's formula. The selection of the sample population to complete the field questionnaires was done by a systematic random method, and the number of samples was distributed according to the stratified method and based on the population ratio. In order to analyze the data, the results of the questionnaire have been analyzed in the SPSS software environment with relevant statistical tests according to the nature of the research. In this context, 2 dimensions (social and economic), 39 indicators have been compiled for the purpose of evaluating the effects of industrial towns in the development of rural areas around Shirin Asal Shabster industrial town. For data analysis, the mean difference and significance of different dimensions have been measured through independent one-sample t-tests and Anova test.

The results of the descriptive findings of the research based on 350 questionnaires distributed among the sample size indicate that 319 were men and 31 were women. The highest frequency of 156 respondents were in the category of 41-50 years, which accounted for 45% of the sample size. In terms of level of education, among the four levels of education, elementary and illiterate, under-diploma, post-diploma, bachelor and above, the highest frequency of respondents with 194 people, equal to 55%, was in the diploma level. According to the results of the research on the effect of industrial towns on the development of the economic indicators of the villages of the region, 5 people (1.42 percent) answered very little, 21 people (6 percent) answered moderately, 55 people (15.71 percent) answered high. And 269 people (76.85 percent)answered too much. The average economic impact of the industrial town in the villages of the region has been obtained with a 5-point Likert scale of 4.74. The mean difference was obtained with t-test -0.41. According to the results of the research on the effect of industrial towns on the development of the economic indicators of the villages of the region, 15 people (4.28%) answered very little, 42 people (12%) answered moderately, 68 people (19.44%) answered high. And 225 people (64.28%) have answered too much. The average social impact of the industrial town in the villages of the region is 3.91 on a 5-point Likert scale. The mean difference was obtained with t-test -1.27.

In this research, the economic and social effects of Shirin Asal industrial town in the rural area of Eastern Goni district in the central part of Shabastar city have been investigated. The research data shows that the establishment of the industrial town has had positive and negative effects on the villages of the region in economic and social dimensions. The results of the industrial town in the studied villages show that the total average of the economic indicators is 4.74 and the social dimension is 3.91. Therefore, according to the respondents, relatively, the industrial town has been relatively effective in both economic and social aspects. The examination of each economic and social indicators shows that the greatest and the least impact of the industrial town in the economic indicators included employment opportunities for local people and the reduction of the labor force in agriculture, respectively, in the social indicators also included the acceptance of immigrants respectively. villages and increasing the opportunity to continue education for the villagers. The presence of an industrial town in the area has overall positive effects on rural development indicators, and the degree of impact includes economic and social dimensions respectively.

The present study was conducted with the aim of investigating rural tourism and its economic effects on the host communities of touristic villages in Rezvan Shahr County. The research method in the present study is quantitative and practical in terms of its purpose. The statistical population in this research is made up of the residents of touristic villages in Rezvan-Shahr County, in this regard, sampling in the studied area was done by multi-stage cluster sampling method, in such a way that three types of villages in the district (plains, Coastal and foothills) were identified. Then, the number of sample villages was determined by division and district using the share method. Finally, 380 people were selected as the sample community. In order to analyze the data, SPSS software and interactive matrix model were used. The results of the T- test showed that the amount of positive economic effects in four indicators (income, employment, land price, investment) from the perspective of the host community was high, and in proportion to that, the amount of negative economic effects, including: (creating The income gap and difference between the residents, the increase in the use of affordable and luxury goods, the seasonality of the income of rural households, the strengthening of fake jobs, the change of land uses for tourism purposes and activities, land speculation, the rise of land prices, high The level of investment riskiness is high in touristic villages. Further, the results of the interactive matrix model also showed that the employment index with influence power (4) has the highest influence and the land price and investment index with influence power (2) have the lowest influence from tourism. In other words, the employment index acts as the foundation stone of the model at the first level, the income index is at the second level, and the land price and investment indicators are at the third level of the model.

This study evaluates the tourism event of the Pomegranate Festival in Bayangan city to investigate the economic, social, and physical-spatial effects of tourism events. In terms of purpose, the study is applied, and in terms of nature, it is descriptive-analytical, which was carried out using a survey method and questionnaire tool. The collected data were also analyzed using SPSS and ARC GIS software. The statistical population in this research includes the villages of Zardoi, Satyari, Tin, and Dodan, from the Bayangan District of Paveh County, including 712 households. The results of this research show that maximizing opportunities to meet new people, developing the skills of the young to hold these ceremonies, and encouraging collective participation are among the other sociocultural effects of tourism events. In terms of the economy, the effects seem to be at a medium to high level. Among these effects, the highest frequency is related to the price rise during the period of holding the ceremony. In terms of environmental impact, the results indicate that air pollution due to the arrival of tourists’ cars has the highest frequency. Among the negative effects, noise pollution ranks next with a frequency of 50.3 percent. Spearman’s correlation findings indicate a significant relationship at the 0.01 level between holding tourism events and social and economic dimensions. The beta value of the regression test indicates the more important economic impact of tourism events than the social impact.

Today, with the increasing growth of urbanization and the formation of new dimensions of urban growth over the last few decades, has caused the city and contemporary urban planning, Face new challenges. Establishment of industries and establishment of workshop-industrial activities in the form of settlements in the urban peripheral areas, It is one of the phenomena that has had various consequences. Therefore, the aim of this study is to Analysis of physical-economic effects of industrial-workshop clusters in Urban Peripheral Areas (Case study: Chabahar city(. This research is applied in terms of purpose and descriptive-analytical in nature and method. The data required for the research were collected by documentary-field method (questionnaire and observation). In order to analyze the data, SPSS software (t-test) and gray Aras and fuzzy Aras models were used. The results of one-sample t-test showed, in all items studied, due to the high average (3) and significance level (0.000), industrial-workshop clusters have a significant impact on the dimensions (physical, economic) of urban peripheral areas. The results of Aras fuzzy model showed that in the physical dimension, the index of access to urban services with a weight of 0.453 and in the economic dimension, the job index with a weight of 0.426, have the highest weight. Finally, the results of spatial analysis of urban peripheral areas with emphasis on the role of industrial-workshop clusters with a focus on economic and physical development using the gray Aras model showed that Ramin village is a priority.

Land size and dispersion are one of the most important reasons for agricultural stagnation in the villages of Iran, which is consequently a pitfall for rural development. Land consolidation programs such as agricultural joint-stock companies are the solutions for transformation in the agricultural sector. The main objective of these plans is to boost agricultural development, improve the living conditions of villagers and get them to stay in rural areas. Nil Abad Agricultural Joint Stock Company has been an important entity in increasing the income of its shareholders and producing agricultural and livestock products, creating employment and preventing the migration of villagers. This company has supported the development and promotion of mechanized agriculture at the county level. Despite the capabilities of this company, no research has been conducted to observe the different aspects of this company in Torbat-Jam and Nilshahr Counties. Therefore, the current research seeks to investigate the effects and consequences of economic livelihood and socio-cultural integration of agricultural lands with an emphasis on the performance of Nil-Abad-Torbat-Jam Agricultural Joint Stock Company.

The current research is descriptive-analytical in terms of purpose. Library and survey methods were used in this research. The population includes households with shares in three villages of Nil-Abad, Safarabad and Pozhegan. The sample size was determined from Cochran's formula with an error of 0.1. One hundred seventy-four households were selected out of 1448 shareholder households. The validity value of the mentioned indicators was obtained in social-cultural (0.685) and economic-livelihood (0.704) dimensions. Finally, in order to investigate the effects and consequences of land consolidation through agricultural joint-stock companies, appropriate tests were carried out in SPSS software.

The analysis of the components of economic-livelihood effects in the studied area showed that the average of the economic-livelihood dimension is 3.54, and in general, the average of the variable of land consolidation in the form of agricultural joint-stock companies is higher than the average. The analysis of the company's impact according to different age groups, education, occupation, number of household members, income and number of shares showed that the average effect is equal, and there is a significant difference between the groups. The findings confirmed that the most important economic and social effects of the implementation of land consolidation programs in the form of agricultural joint-stock companies are above average. Also, according to the board of directors and shareholders of the company, the lowering of the underground water level and water exploitation without a plan and inappropriate strategic plans by the officials will threaten the economic foundation of these companies and the employment and income of the members. Moreover, the initial members have been increased from 276 people to more than 2000 people, which raised the burden of accountability and their expectations from the managers, and reduced the profit shares compared to the expenditure.

In recent years, we have seen an increase in population and the growth of migrations towards villages around Tehran. The reverse migration towards the suburban villages of Tehran can create a balancing mechanism for the migration of the accumulated labor force. This will require the improvement of the agricultural land and the creation of a social and economic environment for rural dwellers, so it can be reasonable for rural youth to stay in their homeland and make a living. Therefore, the current research first investigates the indicators of economic stability related to migration, which are income, capital, production, reducing the motivation to work in the agricultural sector, employment, diversification of the rural economy, and then evaluates the effects of migration on these indicators in the studied villages. Understanding the consequences of migration with the aim of limiting its negative effects can help villages with similar conditions. Because of the importance of the issue, especially in metropolitan areas and the necessity of studying it, the current research is based on this central question: "What results and consequences have the arrival of newcomers had in the economic dimension of the villages?

The research method in this study is a combination of quantitative and qualitative methods. Questionnaires and interviews were used to collect data. 360 households out of 9591 households were determined as the sample size based on the Cochran formula. In the qualitative part of the research, using a targeted sampling method, the sample size was 36 people who were interviewed.

The findings of the research showed that the production indicator with an average of 2.2 and the employment indicator with an average of 4.13 received the highest and lowest impact from employment, respectively. Also, the results of the qualitative findings showed that the low impact of migration on creating employment is compensated by daily trips for work and activities outside the village. The amount of income from the point of view of local residents has been assessed as high and moderate, which is the reason that the local elites mentioned that new sources of income had been created for local residents. It should also be noted that the impact of immigration on capital was evaluated as moderate and low because the arrival of newcomers has led to the capitalization of land and housing, a process that has a negative effect on production due to land use change. For this reason, the production indicator has been affected by migration more than other indicators. The reduction in the amount of production and the variety of products in the villages is actually a decrease in agricultural activities and rurality in the villages around Tehran.

Over the past decades, the attitude to the role of rural industries as an influential factor in the economic construction of rural areas, has led to these industries as a basis for the development of rural areas. However, these industries have brought many positive and negative effects in the surrounding rural areas, which requires scientific study. The purpose of this study was to analyze the economic effects of the activity of industrial towns on the surrounding rural settlements in the Shahid Salimi industrial town of Tabriz. This research is applied in terms of purpose and descriptive-analytical in terms of method. In terms of collection methods, it is a field-library research. To select villages in terms of economic impact, 14 villages within a 10 km radius of the industrial town were selected, which according to the 2016 census had a population of 15084 people and 4629 households, using the Cochran's formula, 306 rural households were selected as a sample. Then, SMART PLS 3 software was used to analyze the data. The results showed that the most important economic effect of the establishment of Shahid Salimi industrial town in the surrounding villages was the creation of added value of agricultural products with an average of 0.366.

Considering the nature of the tourism phenomenon of second homes, economic changes due to its expansion in rural areas are inevitable. The spread of this phenomenon can have both favorable and unfavorable effects. Therefore, it is necessary to investigate its effects and consequences on the villages to provide the ground for its organization. Toshan village in Gorgan is one of these villages where the construction and expansion of second rural houses have dramatically increased in recent years. Also, it has affected the economic aspect of the village. Thus, the main purpose of this study is to investigate the viewpoints of Toshan village residents about the effects and consequences of the development of second home tourism on the economy of this area. For this purpose, 174 households were selected using a cluster sampling method, and a questionnaire was distributed among them. The results of data analysis and field research indicate that the development of second home tourism in Toshan village has had many economic effects. The adverse effects have been more than the positive effects.

Rural tourism has been proposed as a strategy for the development of rural areas due to its diverse functions and high ability to communicate with other economic sectors. The purpose of this study is to investigate the effects of rural tourism in the development of rural areas of Takab city. Research Method In this research, a combination of documentary and survey methods and data collection has been done using direct interview technique and completing a questionnaire. The statistical population of the study is the residents of 6 villages of Takab city according to the rules of random sampling. T one-sample and analyze regressin test and analysis of were used to the relationships between variables. The results show that based on the calculated correlation, The coefficient of determination model regression fitting was equal to (0.842) and at the level of %99 was singificant, which indicates the positive effect of rural tourism the dimensions of independent variables of research. Values ß in the economic (0.775), socio-cultural (0.176), physicaland (0.046), environmental (0.057) dimensions. Due to high employment and income generation capacities, rural tourism can play an important and fundamental role in the rural development of the region if the authorities plan carefully and in principle, and if not properly planned, it will cause damage, including environmental crises and There will be social problems in the region.

Urban sprawl, in particular in small and medium-sized urban areas with economies based on agriculture and livestock, has clear economic impacts. This trend in North Khorasan province has significantly changed the integrated and traditional agricultural land use pattern. This province is located in northeastern Iran, and it is a relatively rural province. The main benefit of such an approach is helping rural stakeholders to assess urbanization patterns at the scale of the prospect and determine their real consequences. For this purpose, this study attempts to discuss this issue using the descriptive and analytical method. The required data from satellite images of 1972, 1992, and 2012 and comprehensive designs were obtained. The collected data, are examined according to the seven common indicators in sprawl research (all aevelopment, low intensity development, all development clumpy, low intensity development, impervious per capita clumpy, density change, and population change) and in order to give more tangible results, the indicators are combined together and the main analyses were analyzed with this combined index.The results show that not only the urban sprawl rate in this province is at a significant level (from less than -6/311 to more than +4/974), but the economic effects of this trend have also greatly affected the income and employment of residents in rural areas and in fact, the negative consequences of this trend are heavy on the villagers, rather than being imposed on the city population in the form of transportation costs and urban infrastructure.

The purpose of this study was to analyze the economic effects of oak trees dieback on villagers in Malekshahi County. The statistical sample of the study was 216 villagers who were selected based on the Cochran formula and using the proportionate stratified random sampling method. The main tool for data collection was a researcher-made questionnaire which its content validity was confirmed using the opinions of the professors of the Department of Rural Development and Forest Sciences of Ilam University. Cronbach's alpha coefficient was used to determine the reliability of the questionnaire, and its value was equal to 0.87. The results of factor analysis showed that the factors of weakening agricultural and animal husbandry activities, the decline in employment, food supply problems, general poverty, declining by-products, declining tourism, declining incomes and declining beekeeping activities, were the most important economic effects of dieback of oak trees on the life of villagers. These factors explained 68.56% of the total variance. Due to the effect of oak tree decline on reducing non-wood products, the establishment of cooperatives to use these products, optimizing the utilization of non-wood products and creating sustainable employment to boost the region's economy are recommended.

The main implementation of the government in the field of rural construction is the preparation and implementation of a rural constituent plan. Although policymakers are pursuing all-round effectiveness from the implementation of this plan, today it is of major importance to economic effectiveness. Measuring the effectiveness of conducting a conductor plan with an emphasis on economic dimension in the city of Robatkarim, Tehran, which is the main objective of this research, not only provides the areas for better understanding of needs, increasing responsiveness and enhancing the capabilities of the executives, but also provides a suitable basis for decision. Making and making logical and scientific decisions. This research has been done by descriptive-analytical method. The statistical population includes all villages spent more than a decade after the completion of the conducting plan. Accordingly, 13 villages have been studied. According to the number of households in them, using the Cochran formula, 240 heads of household were determined as household samples. A one-sample T-test was used to analyze the data in SPSS software. The findings of the research confirm that, the highest impact of this project has been on the employment component, and in other components, income and investment have not been achieved much in rural environments. In the general test, the economic effects of conducting a conductor plan have not been remarkable, and this plan has failed to provide a framework for economic change in the dimensions of the lives of villagers.

Surveys conducted over the last century indicate that one of the slowdowns in development in Iran has been the weakness of local and regional planning. Rural development is one of the fundamental areas of national development. Due to the importance of rural development, almost early in the 21st century, rural development programs became the focus of planners. One of the most important plans of the government in the field of rural development is the preparation and implementation of a rural conductor plan, which emphasizes that by improving the quality level of the physical structure, the social and economic structure of the rural areas of the country will also be changed and thus provided for rural development. Although policymakers pursue the all-encompassing effectiveness of this project, it is of major importance today in economic effectiveness. Rural Development Plan is one of the rural development projects that aims at rural welfare and with the purpose of creating a context of rural development according to cultural, economic and social conditions; equitable provision of social, productive and welfare facilities; guiding the physical condition of the village. Provision and implementation of facilities to improve rural housing and environmental and public services. Considering the importance of the conductor plan at the country level and considering that since the beginning of its activities in 1989 until the end of June 2019, 38246 conductors have been prepared and implemented in 18656 villages. In the economic aspect, it is important.

Since more than a decade has passed since the implementation of the Hadi project in some villages of Robat Karim city, the present study seeks to clarify the hidden angles of its implementation and analyze its effects on the rural community of Robat Karim city in the southwestern district of Tehran province. It intends to evaluate the economic impacts of implementation of the rural conductor plan using the one-sample T-test from the viewpoint of 13 target villages of Rabat-Karim. To evaluate the effects of the conductor plan on the economic dimension, three components have been investigated by a group of items in the Likert spectrum. Using Cochran's formula, 240 households were selected as the sample size using simple random sampling method and were questioned.

According to the survey, of the 240 respondents, 32% were female and 68% male. Survey of the educational status of the respondents shows that the highest number of the respondents was 42%. After that, people with a diploma with 14%, illiterate with 38% and those with a diploma degree and above with 6%. According to the results, the highest age of the respondents was 58% between 30-54 years old. In order to evaluate and evaluate the economic effects of the implementation of the conductor plan on rural life three indicators of employment, income and investment with 12 components were used. In the "employment" variable, the components of new job opportunities with a mean of 3.40 and the tendency to start and expand a business with a mean of 2.96 had the highest and the lowest mean respectively. In the “income” variable, the implementation of the conductor plan improved the income situation by an average of 3.32 but did not have a significant effect on reducing the economic inequality variable. In the "investment" variable, the implementation of the conductor plan motivated investment in the service sector with a mean of 3.05. Investments in the agricultural and industrial sectors have been less, and the rural investment incentives have an average of 2.29. The results show that except the employment component with a mean of 3.12, in terms of income and investment, the effects of the conductor plan on rural economic development were lower than the theoretical average. Summarizing the findings of the present study, it shows that the overall effect of conductor design on the components related to economic dimension is lower than the theoretical average and this confirms the functional weakness of conductor design in the studied villages. Thus, the implementation of the rural conductor project has not been economically successful in the villages.

Rural conductor plan has taken an important step in the spatial organization of rural areas of the country and despite the shortcomings, it is considered to be an effective action in directing and physical development of villages and given that physical improvement of villages is a priority in conductor design. Therefore, one of the most important measures of this plan is the elimination of rural physical deficiencies and is considered as an important tool in organizing the physical structure of the villages. Although rural conductor schemes are mainly of a physical nature, however, rural development and development must take into account all aspects, including the economic conditions of the villages. Consideration of other goals such as equipping facilities by creating productive facilities, creating an appropriate working environment, creating a rational fit between population and various functions, especially the production needs of the village, also illustrates the particular focus of the conductor plan on the economic and productive issues of the villages. One of the important measures that can help to strengthen and sustain the effects of the conductor plan is their monitoring and evaluation, which form part of the present research vision. Evaluation of these projects will inform executives and stakeholders about the strengths and weaknesses of this project and rural development plans. Therefore, the purpose of the present study was to evaluate the economic impacts of conducting the plan in rural settlements of Rabat-Karim city. In order to achieve this goal, the information obtained from the completed rural questionnaires was analyzed. One-sample T-test was used to examine the partial impact of the effects of the conductor plan on each of the economic components considered in the research (employment, income, and investment). In this regard, number 3 was used as the theoretical mean of evaluating the economic effects of the plan on these components. , Was considered. The results show that except the employment component with a mean of 3.12, in terms of income and investment, the effects of the conductor plan on rural economic development were lower than the theoretical average. Summarizing the findings of the present study, it shows that the overall effect of conductor design on the components related to economic dimension is lower than the theoretical average and this confirms the functional weakness of conductor design in the studied villages.

The new night and nature is a new opportunity with economic returns that can sometimes be culturally and family-friendly, reinforcing all kinds of family solidarity and empathy. The current research question is what are the effects of realization of inner and outer nightlife on urban sustainable development planning (Case study: Tehran and area of ​​influence)? The present study uses a mixed approach, which combines both qualitative and quantitative methods. As a qualitative research case study, this qualitative research strategy explores various aspects of nocturnal life in urban sustainable development planning of Tehran metropolitan complex and area of ​​influence. In addition to the case study, the survey method was used as a quantitative method for data collection and analysis. The research statements were confirmed with a mean score above 4 and standard deviation below 1. The research findings indicate that the social and economic impacts of realization of the inner and outer nightlife on urban sustainable development planning (case study: Tehran and area of ​​influence) include both "social" and "economic" dimensions

The purpose of this paper is to investigate the social, economic, and environmental effects of drought from the viewpoint of villagers, with the structural equation modeling approach. The purpose of this study is of applied research type, and is essentially a descriptive-correlation research. The population of the study, 1762 heads of households and sample size were determined according to Cochran formula, 316 people. Data analysis was performed using SPSS22 software and Structural Equation Modeling (SEM). In this research, the observed variables were obtained for three components: economic, social, and environmental. Three first-factor factor analysis models were designed, measured, and validated for measuring three sub-scale droughts. Finally, the role and effect of observed variables and their triple components derived from the drought, as the main hidden dependent variable, and the relationships between them, were analyzed with the help of a structural model of the factor-factor analysis (CFA) of the quadratic factor of the second order. The results of the fitting and validation of all three models of drought measurement, and the realization of goals, as well as the quadratic model of second order, were evaluated based on the data for drought evaluation. Finally, drought affected by socioeconomic and social indicators of 0. 97, and environmental index was 0. 87, so the drought in the studied villages areas had the greatest impact on economic and social indicators, and As a result, it has been placed on an environmental index.

Today the importance of developing agriculture in terms of providing food security as a substructure of rural development is a serious issue for economic planners. This matter largely depends on environmental powers such as soil water resources and consumption efficiency in arid and semi-arid areas. Watershed plans by supplying water and protecting soil play a special role in development of agricultural sector in countries (like Iran) facing water shortage and soil erosion. This research is prepared to study the economic effects of watershed projects in Iran, Fars province where one of the greatest dams, Salman Farsi has been implemented. This research is based on descriptive-analytic method. In this study 584 households are selected from villages with more than 20 households in each village that affected by Salman Farsi project and lives in Qir&karzin County. The study is based on probability sampling, in the step of completing the questionnaire and choosing the space sample; the simple random sample is determined by 95 Kokaran formula with the list of beneficial people and at the end 120 questionnaire are completed (for more accuracy). For analytical statistics SPSS software, non-parametric - binomial tests and Wilcoxon test have been used. In order to truly accounting total revenue of beneficiaries in the base year (1387), their annual income has been converted to the year 2015 on the basis of central bank from inflation rate and then compared. The results show that in the study area the effect of implementation of Salman Farsi dam on economic indicators are positive. It is also found that changes in "area of bagh- galamestan, orbit of water circulation, agricultural products, the number of workers outside the household, the numbers of household labor, the number of small livestock, the number of gardens, and the last the number of proprietary or leased machines in implant, grow and harvest steps" are positive and significant after building the dam.

The assessment process of development projects before implementing them is a way to predict, identify and analyze the details of all positive and negative effects of projects so that to maximize benefits and minimize its negative effects. The environmental and social impact's assessment of each project is a process that determines an acceptable way to manage its implementation plan in order to achieve the aims of sustainable development. Moreover, the studies of environmental impact's assessment are used in projects of regional development as an important tool for decision-making and a sign of acceptance or non-acceptance of the project in the region. The aim of this study was to evaluate the ecological and social impacts of Fadami dam construction on agricultural development area in Fars province. ICOLD matrix method was used in this study. The effect of each component of the project on environmental activities were measured in two phases, the construction and utilization. Results showed that the environment had a positive impact on the entire project (268 points). Based on obtained results, construction of Fadami Dam in Fars province based on the construction standards is feasible. At the end, according to the results of this study, recommendations were presented.

Extended Abstract :The fact is that wetlands are among the most unique, beautiful, and wonderful natural phenomenona that possess very exquisite, attractive and mysterious features that can attract lots of tourists. Lakes because of their natural and live landscapes, high-quality environment, and their specific properties are one of the most valuable attractions of tourism; they can indeed bring in socio-economic development to the rural regions. The development of the natural tourism in the rural regions is an essential element that could be raised as one the ways to rescue the villages from poverty, immigration, and socio- economic problems. Therefore the goal of the current article is to assess the socio- economic effects of lake tourism on the surrounding rural settlements in the Fars province- Iran. Based on the descriptive- analytic method of research the statistic population of the research selected as the all villages surrounding the lakes of Fars province to the radius of 2 kilometers. Based on this point of view in this study the number of 46 villages and their 9492 families living in were under study and to gain the mentioned goal the Cochran formula(with 95% level of confidence) and the number of 368 families were used as the sample families. On the next step beside the document studies, a vast range of indices with economic and social dimensions were determined and in the frame of field studies (questionnaire, and forms of field observations) were investigated. Also to data analysis the Kendall's statistic method in the SPSS software were used. The results of the research showed that between the socio- economic dimensions and the level of the distance of the villages from the under study lakes with the regard to the Kendall's correlation coefficient (-0.410) and the level of errors (Introduction The development of the natural tourism in the rural regions is an essential element and a new way to rescue the villages from the poverty, immigration, and socio- economic problems. In the most rural regions, because of the dominant agricultural economics and its damageable nature, the attention to the other developmental activities like tourism as the complementary of this section can have a useful role in the empowering the local people and human resources development, diversification of the economic section and its growths, job creation, solving the problem of unemployment, the improvement of the life standards by social services and bridging the gap between urban and rural areas in different fields, and the decreasing the immigration from rural regions to the metropolises. The introduction of the studied area The Fars province by the Sheeraz city as the capital with the area of 124280 has covered 8.1 percent or total area of Iran. This province is located between and degrees of east longitude and between degrees of northern latitude. Research The current investigation as an applied one and used the cross- sectional methods to study the raised parameters. Respecting to the goals of the research that has been the socio- economic effects of the lake tourism on the rural settlements surrounding the Fars province's lakes parallel to the document studies a vast range of the economic and social indices were determined and then were studied in the frame of some field studies(questionnaire and field observation). Also, analyzing the date was done by use of the Kendall's statistical test in the SPSS software. The statistical population was consisting of the all surrounding villages of the lakes of the Fars province in the radius of 2 kilometers. Based on this article 46 villages with 9492 families were investigated. Finally 368 families were determined by use of the Cochran formula (with 95% confidence) as the sample families. The results showed that among the studied components, the indexes of the increasing devotion to the living location(4.40), interaction between villagers and tourists(4.12), village safety(4.11), new job creation(4.04), income increasing(4) were ranked as the highest records. The indices of the conflicts between the villagers and tourists(1.32) disputes(1.40) and disorders like addiction among the youths(1.41) disruptions in the traditional pattern(1.51) changing in patterns and customs(1.67) the level of the confidence to the promises of the authorities(2.7) and the governmental investments(2.77) and the private investment in the villages(2.76) were recorded as the lowest levels. The study of the socio- economic effects of the lake tourism in the 46 under study villages showed that the villages of the Shahrinjan, Pareeshan, Ayaz Abad surrounding the Pareeshan lake, Hayram, Hirmm, Laqaran, Koorih, Karyan, surrounding the lakes of the Hirmm- Karyan and Hayram, Kinarah, Sharq Abad, Chahar Qalat, surrounding the lake of Tashk, Ameer Abad-e Kaftar surrounding the lake of Kaftar, Dasht-e Arjan surrounding the lake of Arjan, and Maharloo- Kohnih, sourrounding the Maharloo lake were under highest levels of socio- economic affects. Also the final results of the Kendall's correlation test studying the socio- economic effects of lake tourism showed that between the socio- economic dimension and the levels of the distance of the villages from the under study lakes and respecting to the Kendall's correlation coefficient(-0.410) the level of the error(< 0.01) there is a significant negative correlation.

Several droughts during the last years and reduction of agricultural activities have caused both formal and informal trade exchanges of borderline people have become more than ever. Due to this, the income of most of rural natives-directly or indirectly-was receiving from the border. However, since the concrete wall built along the borderline, those exchanges have faced many troubles. Hence, purpose of the present study is to analyze the socio-economic effects of building the border wall on the life of rural natives. The present research adopts a descriptive – analytical methodology based on reviewing library resources, field studies and filling in questionnaires. A statistical community of 384 men was considered as sample, selected randomly from 40 country sides based on their distance from the border. The results of the present study proves that although building the border wall along the borderline has had negative socio-economic effects such as less incomes and migration of the natives, but it also has positive effects such as decreasing the amount of illegal-traffics and illegal trading of fuel and goods.

Rural hand-made carpet cooperatives established with the aim of supporting the deprived and productive of carpet weavers of country and organizing them in the cooperative discipline system for accessing social and economic justice in this art and national industry. This study aims at assessing the role of these cooperatives in improving social and economic situation of carpet- weavers. The statistical community of the study includes all members of carpet cooperatives of Hamadan province selected according to Cochran’s formula. This sample included 214 of carpet – weavers. In addition, an equal number of carpet- weavers (214) who are not member of carpet cooperatives selected to compare the social and economic situation of two groups. The subject selected randomly through proportional stratified sampling. The most important tool for data collection was questionnaire. The validity of the questionnaire confirmed by specialists and its reliability computed using Cronbachs Alpha coefficient (0.81(. Results indicate a significant difference between two groups of carpet-weavers. The members and non-members regarding the rate of production, income, access to loan and facilities of carpet- weaving, access to raw material and carpet- weaving tools, rate of social interaction, rate of social awareness and special carpet-weaving knowledge and this difference is almost one percent (1%) in such a way that in all seven economic and social indices studied on member carpet-weavers, they had a better condition compared with non-member ones. In addition, result revealed that there is a significant different between members and non-member carpet- weavers in regard with insurance services, getting loan and facilities and attendance in educational courses (1%). In general, handmade carpet cooperatives play an important role in improving the social and economic situation of carpet-weavers in Hamadan province.

Rapid population increase، expanding urbanization، lack of employment opportunities، particularly in agriculture، population pressure on natural resources and failing to create and expand medium and large industries، especially in developing countries led industrialization strategy that these countries from the mid-decade villages 1970 in their development programs to consider. This year emphasizing the rural industries، small industries، small towns and industrial decentralization of industrial activities was considered. Creation and expansion of rural industry or rural industrialization can be created through the diversity and increasing employment and income، increasing value added agricultural activities، development of industrial culture، an effective role in the balance urban and rural areas and rural development. To evaluate the economic effects of Bhshhrdr industrial estate with 176 rural employees، 22 factories and 15 rural centers in peripheral villages shows that industrial estates has been positive effects on rural areas. In this regards، chemical، metallic and food industries has more effective than other industries.