جستجوی مقالات مرتبط با کلیدواژه "human geography" در نشریات گروه "جغرافیا"

Historical tourism is one of the most important parts of tourism development, and many variables are effective in developing this type of tourism. The image of the destination is one of the determining factors in the tourist's joy of historical tourism. The image of the destination is considered a multidimensional and hybrid structure and follows the attitude pattern of three elements, including cognitive, emotional, and perceptual elements. Although some research considers the destination image as a two-dimensional structure (cognitive and emotional), some claim that tourism researchers have completely neglected the third dimension of the destination image, which has a useful meaning, over the past decades. The destination image was limited to studies of its perceptual or cognitive component. Now, travelers have concerns about their inexperience in destinations and want to find the most relevant information about their stay and destination before traveling. Providing reliable information for tourist destinations intended to facilitate the highest level of tourist experience and enjoyment leads to the tendency and encouragement of tourists to destination-oriented activities and experiences, including creating positive images of the destination, visiting the destination, shopping, and recommendations. Visiting the destination to others ultimately leads to joy and satisfaction that will lead to positive economic consequences for residents of historic cities. Visiting historic sites is one of the most popular activities among tourists. This justifies the favorable position of cultural heritage tourism among the fastest-growing tourism markets. However, less research has been done on the behavior of cultural heritage tourists. In 2014, approximately 40% of international tourists were identified as cultural heritage tourists based on their participation in cultural visits or activities. Culturally, they have been considered by marketing researchers.

Since the purpose of this study is to investigate the effect of validity and conflict of destination image of historical cities on the joy and resonance of tourists, in terms of purpose, it is applied, and in terms of research, the method is descriptive-survey and in data analysis using structural equation modeling has done. In order to test the hypotheses of the statistical community, tourists in Yazd from April 1 to late September 2019 have been selected. Morgan table was used to determine the number of research samples, and the statistical sample of this research was 384 people. In this study, the independent variables are perceived originality, conflict, and source credibility; the mediating variables are cognitive image, emotional image, and destination image; and the dependent variables are tourist joy and brand resonance recommendation, and 28 questions have been assigned to collect the necessary data. In inferential data analysis, Cronbach's alpha coefficient and KMO test were used to determine the internal stability of the instrument. All statistical calculations of this study were performed using SPSS23 statistical software and analyses related to structural equation modeling using AMOS23 software, and the significance level of the whole test is P <0.05.

The findings of this study showed that the creation of positive images of the destination is due to positive interaction with the local community. Zhang et al. (2014) also concluded that the perception of the destination image can be influenced by political, ideological, religious, ethnic, and cultural issues. The findings of this study showed that emotional image has more effects on behavioral goals than cognitive image. This means that emotions, contrary to the cognitive claim of the image, have a more significant impact on the emotional image; Gartner (1994) and Hudson, Ruth, Madden, and Hudson (2015) achieved similar results. The findings of this study indicated that the image of the destination has a positive and significant effect on the intention to travel to that destination. Moon, Aziz, and Boji (2018) reached similar conclusions. The results showed that destination managers and marketers can increase tourists' motivation to recommend a trip to that destination by creating a good image of the destination.

This study aimed to evaluate the presentation of a theoretical model on the relationships of variables of perceived originality, conflict, source validity, cognitive and emotional image, tourist joy, and brand resonance recommendation of a destination and the characteristics of these variables with a focus on the destination image. The results of this study showed that the source's perceived originality, involvement, and credibility have a positive and significant effect on cognitive and emotional images. Also, cognitive and emotional imagery affect the destination image. The findings showed that the destination image affects the intention of the visit and the intention of the recommendation. In fact, people who travel from a destination closer to their country of origin or region and feel close to the local people and their norms, or through the vast amount of information they obtain through the media and friends or relatives, travel to those destinations. In addition, creating positive images of the destination is due to positive interaction with the local community. Zhang et al. (2014) also concluded that the perception of the destination image can be influenced by political, ideological, religious, ethnic, and cultural issues. The findings of this study showed that emotional image has more effects on behavioral goals than cognitive image. This means that emotions affect the emotional image, contrary to the cognitive claim of the image. Gartner (1994) and Hudson, Ruth, Madden, and Hudson, 2015 achieved similar results. The findings of this study showed that the image of the destination has a positive and significant effect on the intention to travel to that destination. Moon, Aziz, and Boji (2018) reached similar conclusions, in line with the research findings showing that destination managers and marketers can increase tourists' intention to recommend by creating a good image of the destination. This study showed that focusing more on the emotional image dimension puts managers one step further in controlling behavioral goals because their feelings and emotions directly predict decisions about tourists.

Geography is one of the most important determinants of stability or instability in countries. geography is the basis of many social and political developments within countries, even the relations between them and their neighbors. One of the clear examples of this is Afghanistan. This country is known as a crisis-prone country in terms of human geography. War and insecurity, political instability, poverty, extensive internal disputes have plagued the people and this geography for years. The purpose of the current research is to explain the foundations of human geography in the crises of this country. This research is of a descriptive type, whose theoretical framework is obtained from the combination of Hoggett's theory and Cohen's theory, and based on it, the bases and contexts of the crisis in Afghanistan have been explained from a human geographical perspective. According to the findings of the research, all the crises in Afghanistan are affected by human geography and caused by human heterogeneity, the interventions of the powers, as a result of which this country has been in a fragile and unstable situation for years and has remained a crisis maker. Border disputes with neighbors, being landlocked, being a barrier, being located in a fragile region, multiple neighbors, disputes over common border rivers and changing their course are some of the most stable issues of Afghanistan's geography. Ethnicism, linguistic and religious prejudices, extreme fundamentalism, illiteracy, drug cultivation and trafficking, migration, poverty and deprivation, and nomads are among the controversial issues in strengthening humanitarian crises...

Effective leadership is one of the most effective strategies for attracting and retaining talent and ensuring competitive advantage in the long term. The main issue that the researcher pursues in this research This is to what extent the system of development and improvement of human resources in medical science university of Mazandaran makes it possible to develop leadership, at the individual and system level? The research is applied in terms of purpose and is a survey in terms of nature and descriptive method. The statistical population included the staff of medical science university of Mazandaran who were selected from 265 people by stratified random sampling method. Library method and researcher-made questionnaire were used to collect information, The validity of the questions was evaluated and confirmed using the CVR criterion. Cronbach's alpha was used to determine the reliability of the questionnaire, the value of which was 0.8. One-sample t-test was used to analyze the data. The evaluation results showed that the human resources development and improvement system of medical science university of Mazandaran provides the possibility of developing the leadership process at the individual level. At the system level, in terms of organizational learning and appropriate network conditions, But in the dimension of shared leadership, it is not possible to develop leadership. It also takes the necessary measures to improve individual and system level interactions, stress management and system adaptation to complex conditions. On the other hand, it also provides the necessary facilitators for the development of leadership

The open space of residential complexes is a part of public spaces in residential complexes and plays a special place in meeting human needs and has been studied from different perspectives. By observing the numbness and tension in the outdoor areas of residential complexes, designers and planners are looking to provide a solution to create constructivism in this behavioral camp. The purpose of this research is to analyze spatial data. The research method in this research was analytical-descriptive, which achieved theoretical principles and framework through theoretical studies on theoretical foundations. In this study, five examples of residential complexes with open space in Kerman have been studied from the perspective of body-behavior coordination. Among these activities, children talk, sit and walk and play as a border, interface and joint using Analyzed from GIS. The study was conducted over a period of 60 days. After analyzing the gear structure in the outdoor behavioral camps of the residential complex for cross-site orientation. We are facing.

This research has been done with the aim of designing a sustainable livelihood model with the cooperative village approach using the grounded theory method. The present study is a qualitative research. The study sample includes 30 experts, managers and experts in the field of cooperation throughout the country who were purposefully selected. Field observations and in-depth interviews in the form of focus groups were used to collect data. The results were extracted from the research data in the coding process (open, axial and selective) in the form of concepts, subcategories and categories using MAXqda12 software. The paradigm model includes conditions (causal, contextual, and intervening), strategy, and outcome. Research findings indicate that climate vulnerability, social vulnerability and economic vulnerability were identified as causal conditions; trends, government support and infrastructure strengthening were identified as background conditions; and financing, market development, market control, and government support as intervening conditions affecting the creation of sustainable livelihoods with the rural cooperative approach. The results show that coping strategies and compromise strategies as strategies for achieving sustainable livelihoods have consequences such as cooperatives, sustainable development, productivity, employment, strengthening social capital and smart agriculture.

Responsibility for human health and having a healthy society is one of the main conditions for sustainable geographical-human development. Undoubtedly, many factors influence this issue, and the development of medical law is one of the most important factors. Commitment to human health and caring for the health of future generations is a fundamental step towards the formation of a developed nation responsible for the geographical environment. The purpose of this article is to investigate the role of medical rights development in the sustainable development of human geography with emphasis on physician civil liability in medical fertility. The main question of the article is what role does the development of medical law play in the sustainable development of human geography? The method of this article is qualitative. Article data will be collected from library sources. The method of analysis of research findings is also descriptive-analytical. The results of the article show that the protection and protection of human health within the framework of legal systems has an important role in the sustainable development of human geography. From a legal point of view, the doctor performs certain duties And uses its knowledge to solve people's health problems and must be held accountable for four types of responsibilities: Moral liability, civil liability (compensation by a physician), disciplinary liability (violation of trade union and professional rules and regulations) and criminal liability (committing a crime due to an act or omission).

Cultural Landscape are known as mirrors and books whose observation and study can help us reach invaluable information about social, historical, geographical, linguistic, political, cultural, architectural, and artistic issues dominating the historical period through which the authors have lived. The major question posed here is that how successfully has Khaghani, as aLandscape survived throughout Sasani era? The present study has been carried out using a documentaryanalytic method and using the library study method. Findings in this research showed that Khaghani has revealed some invaluable information for the audience of his poetry through reviewing this "reflexive mirror" and through statement of the observable and unobservable aspects and untold stories of history about this cultural Landscape. This study can introduce Khaghani as a cultural geography scholar and can represent "Eyvan-e-Madaen" as a cultural Landscape and can introduce the epic of "Eyvan-e-Madaen" as a very important historical document regarding cultural Landscape and can reflect literature as a sensitive phenomenon to realize geography.

Geography is like a bridge between the past and the future, as a crossroads between the natural and social sciences. In recent years, geographers have become increasingly interested in literary texts as a means of exploring the concept of landscapes. The study of a landscape as a text places the interpretation of a landscape at the center of interdisciplinary studies and uses concepts such as objectification, representation, awareness and ideology, and the interrelationships between these concepts.
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Dynamic and timeless interpretation of visible and invisible aspects as well as forgotten and overlooked aspects of a perspective can show changes and developments in social, political, intellectual, architectural, as well as choices, behaviors, and attitudes of a human group in different periods and its impact on the place, environment and geography.By case studying the ode "Ivan Madain", several dynamic and interpretable images of this cultural landscape are presented instead of a fixed and stereotypical image, and many facts from the interpretation of this cultural perspective are obtained. In the present study, the research method was documentary-analytical in terms of purpose and nature.

The components of the cultural landscape can be divided into two categories: the visible components and the invisible components. Some of the components of cultural landscapes leftover from this magnificent building of the Sassanid period can be seen and reported for Khaghani Shervani; such as the iron ring that existed inside the porch roof until 1812, and this ring was taken out of the roof by the local Bedouins, thinking that it was a precious metal. Invisible aspects of these cultural landscapes are linguistic species that can identify the geographical area of the language of the peoples who spoke it. Khaghani mentioned the name "Tigris" several times in this poem. Tigris is an ancient Persian word that was originallly "Tighreh" and due to linguistic changes, has become the modern form of the Tigris.

In describing Iwan-e Kasrā, Khaghani did not limit himself to cultural concepts. In addition to ecological interpretation, he has studied the elements of indigenous architecture, historical past, cultural entanglement, culture, and conditions of different eras. As a cultural geographer, he has pointed out both the visible aspects of this magnificent Sassanid building and the invisible aspects of this cultural landscape. Throughout his poems, he has presented a different way of looking at the world that is not limited to a tasteful, empirical, and emotional perspective. Thus, it can be argued that literature has more to do with providing an emotional counterpart to the objective knowledge of geography, and the cultural perspectives described in the literature, which have emerged from the combination of literature and geography, are the best place and possibility for thinking.

In this paper, we employ a critical approach for studying the informal life and try to offer a comprehensive framework for understanding this phenomenon at the present time. Our main claim in studying this phenomenon is that against the common belief, the informal life is not just a domain issue and it is not possible to assess it by emphasizing geographical domain. It is important the cultural and socio-economic layers of the informal settlements be studied since the reason behind forming the informal settlements maybe at the national and international scales. In this paper, we study our assumption by doing a field study in the Ouzoon Tapeh, Bumehen and try to enrich and modify our conceptual theory. We focus on study of two concepts namely as seizure security and quality of life in a limited geographical domain in order to limit our study. We think that with focusing on the security of seizure and the quality of life which are two of the fundamentals in the informal life, we can precisely assess the aspects of informal life. The results of this research help us to offer a comprehensive theoretical frame for understanding the informal life. In the end of this paper, we also offer some suggestions for further researches. Urban issues are not benign, and they can not be solved simply by technical and engineering methods. Urban issues are very complex, and facing them requires a multi-faceted and equally complex approach.
The issue of social exclusion and space that has been mentioned in titles such as marginalization, informal economics, informal settlements, slumming, problematic textures, worn-out texture, etc. are one of the urban issues that are well understood by the common sense of The concepts of city and space collapse.
We know that, despite the laws, plans, plans and studies that have been carried out over the past decades, we are witnessing the expansion and intensification of social and spatial exclusion. Urban fringes, which are increasingly widespread, are no longer physically marginalized, but can also be seen in urban centers.
Capital accumulation at one point is necessarily accompanied by impoverishment at another point. These are interconnected internally. Consequently, poverty and urban inequality are not phenomena like what we usually know. Poverty and spatial inequality are inevitably the inevitable phase of the capitalist mode of production.
Today, urban issues, as a result of the powerful process of capital, have a decisive role in everyday life of humans. The global urbanization process, as its global trait identifies, is no longer limited to some cities in some countries. Now all countries and cities are involved in this process.
Meanwhile, the growth of urbanization and the fear of its maladaptive phenomena in different areas, especially in large cities, especially in metropolises, has led urban planners to new social orientations and trends, and the need to strengthen social considerations in urban studies has been strengthened further. Made One of these tendencies, which had a tremendous impact on the evolution of the views and methods of urban planning in the second half of the 20th century, was social theory and attention to the quality aspect of development, which today has consolidated its position in terms of quality of life and social welfare .
One of the main goals of addressing the quality of life is to achieve human security in its general sense. The general approach of this research is descriptive-analytic. Research method is library and field. In order to formulate theoretical basis of articles and researches, to introduce the scope of the study, available statistics and documents (statistics in urban plans related to the Ouzoon tapeh neighborhood and population census statistics and housing) and to collect data from the field study area a questionnaire has been used. The questionnaire was developed in the research process based on the goals and theoretical framework. For data analysis, statistical analysis of confirmatory factor analysis (for statistical structuring and determination of superior factors), scaling (for questionnaire items), and Pearson correlation and regression statistical techniques were used. While private-sector private equity is the key provider of housing for most people, government action is needed to support such activities: Providing roads, sewage, water, regionalization controls, public transportation, and environmental standards. Government action also regulates what makes housing: construction standards, health and safety regulations, height restrictions, planning controls. However, the government also intervenes cautiously in regulating the profitable private financing. Now that the political counteraction to housing is in the strongest position and housing and economic conditions are deteriorating, there is an opportunity to cultivate a progressive housing movement that can bring low-income and middle-income tenants and landowners around their shared interest in desirable housing. Unite in affordable and satisfactory neighborhoods ... What we need is a plan that can change the current state of the current debate on housing. A program that challenges the nature of housing commodities and their role in our economic and social system, and demonstrates how the needs of people's legitimate housing can be met through an alternative approach.
The purpose of such an alternative program can be stated as follows: providing affordable housing, with appropriate proportions and desirable quality, with security, and located in a supportive neighborhood for all individuals, along with the recognition of specific housing problems facing oppressed groups Are located.
A second strategy for the commoditization of housing can be an attempt to limit the role of profit in decisions that affect housing, instead of replacing the fundamental principle of social need.
Another point is that the ideological core of the discourse of the new housing policy is that all income groups have their own segments in the housing market.

The main purpose of this essay is to compare the philosophical hypothesis of qualitative and quantitative researches in human geography and social sciences. In general we have to approaches in human geography and social sciences methodologically, epistemologically and ontologically. In these two fields the selection of an approach depends on the adopted worldview or paradigm by the researchers. In this article the two approaches to research in terms of nature, goal, method, hypothesis, methods and another aspect of research has been compared. Finally as an alternative the third approach so-called mixed method to resolve the challenges and problems of the two methods has been articulated and proposed.

Introduction and State of Issue: Lighting has a lot to do with identity and public image of our cities. People interface with their surroundings in nights while they enjoy direct or indirect lighting technologies and supplements. Literature review of the paper show that new lighting technologies change our night life and may cause deep consciences in public perception about their environment. Human geography perspective regarding to the issue emphasize the role of these lighting of Tehran buildings facades and public spaces on sense of belonging and quality of urban life. The most important aim of this research is to explain the role new lighting technologies in changing sense of belonging and quality of urban life in our contemporary cities from human geography points of view. Literature review of the paper show that there are lots of issues that had yet to be addressed in case of making more humanistic city which describes as playful city, vivid city, convivial city, prosperous city etc. It is very important to explain that all of these criteria can be theorized as sense of belonging which is tangible in citizens’ everyday life. To answer research questions in qualitative research strategy, descriptive analytical research method has been adopted as inference mechanism which surveyed by expert designed questionnaires. Logical argumentation strategy adopted to discuss results of case studies which selected by cluster sampling from among of Tehran public spaces namely region one and eleven in Tehran municipality divisions. SPSS applications and analytical statistics deployed to address results and find needed solutions. To evaluate the research hypothesis, fourteen questionnaires were completed by experts, after designing questionnaire and evaluating its validity and reliability. The cases contain urban bodies are about 10 meters in length that have different usage. Since the different usage of urban bodies have been caused to active in the day and night; thus can be measured the physical-social factors of place sense’s concept in theme. There is a significant relationship between belonging sense and lighting techniques in order to show the beauty of the physical body, the lighting surface to be harmonic, the body to be indicated, controlling the light pollution. Indeed, the lighting surface of an urban body with different usages can be effective to increase physical-social factors of belonging sense; while shows pros, not to be distributed; and follows order and harmony. Again, the urban body should been indicated more than surrounding walls and its lighting should been differed from background. Belonging sense and a lighting to be field-oriented, have an inverse relationship; Means belonging sense increases, while building has more indicated lighting. It seems reasonable that an active body to e indicated more than inactive walls. This factor can represent supplying individual needs, such as security; Moreover, providing necessary vitality for social activities. Another technical factor that is effective to increase belonging sense is controlling light pollution. Places have more belonging sense that can provide user needs and somehow to be responsive. A scene should provide quality of visual individuals in urban landscapes. Among technical factors, the showing characteristics of materials just related to belonging sense. As you know, light and materials interact with each other and influence each other. Light becomes a part of materials and whit mass and façade of building configure a unit and complete each other. This factor associated with physical concepts of belonging sense. Consequently, the use proper techniques and factors in urban bodies lighting can affect one of the most important concepts of quality urban spaces, means belonging sense. Studies indicate that the bodies that have a perfect lighting have equal quality space night and day. By comparing the type of lighting in these bodies and matching them with technical factors, it can be concluded the method combination lighting makes the purpose of the quality of the space in the city of Tehran. The results of the paper show a significant relationship between belonging sense and new lighting technologies in order to show the beauty of the physical body, the lighting surface to be harmonic, the body to be indicated, controlling the light pollution. Indeed, the lighting surface of an urban body with different usages can be effective to increase physical-social factors of belonging sense; while shows pros, not to be distributed; and follows order and harmony. Again, the urban body should been indicated more than surrounding walls and its lighting should been differed from background. Belonging sense and a lighting to be field-oriented, have an inverse relationship; Means belonging sense increases, while building has more indicated lighting. The results of the paper by correlation is significant at the 0.05 level show that there are meaningful relationship between technical lighting issues and its environmental consequences in our everyday life which interpreted as sense of attachment. It seems reasonable that an active body to e indicated more than inactive walls. This factor can represent supplying individual needs, such as security; Moreover, providing necessary vitality for social activities. Another technical factor that is effective to increase belonging sense is controlling light pollution. As stated, those places have more belonging sense that can provide user needs and somehow to be responsive. A scene should provide quality of visual individuals in urban landscapes. Among technical factors, the showing characteristics of materials just related to belonging sense. As you know, light and materials interact with each other and influence each other. Light becomes a part of materials and whit mass and façade of building configure a unit and complete each other. This factor associated with physical concepts of belonging sense. Consequently, the use proper techniques and factors in urban bodies lighting can affect one of the most important concepts of quality urban spaces, means belonging sense.

The great theme of our time is global change, covering both climate and environmental changes. Of course, climate is one of the main triggers of environmental changes, but it is not the only or most important one. As the reports of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) conclude, “since the start of the industrial era (about 1750),...the human impact on climate greatly exceeds that due to known changes in natural processes …” It is against this background that the term “Anthropocene” has to be seen. The anthropocene is considered to mark the beginning of a new geological era because of the overwhelming influences of human impacts. So, Down to Earth is a more than appropriate reminder to the international geographical community to (re)consider geography’s potentials, strengths and weaknesses and its tradition as a bridge-builder between nature and society and their mutual interactions and dependencies; It is a challenge, a task and a unique chance to (re)establish geography as a serious and engaged discipline at the crossroads of nature and society.

Historical geography of Shia has attracted attention of many. The special importance and benefit of this dimension of social-historical discussions is considering the geography of different classes of Shia population while investigating its historical evolutions. This is especially important since it provides researchers with a better and more precise understanding regarding social position and situation of Shia in the Islamic world and its influence on social, political and cultural changes in the Islamic world. The present article will focus on this issue considering Shiit countries throughout Islamic history.