جستجوی مقالات مرتبط با کلیدواژه « reverse migration » در نشریات گروه « جغرافیا »

The purpose of this study was to explain the effects of reverse migration on the economic, physical, and environmental development of the Mahale Anzal villages in Urmia County from 2017 to 2021. The research design was descriptive-analytical. The statistical population of the study was 944 households of returnees to the Mahale Anzal villages, of which 275 households were selected using the quota sampling method and randomly responded to the questionnaires. The data were collected using a researcher-made questionnaire with a reliability of 0.818 and analyzed using SPSS-V.28 and Lisrel-V.10 software. The research questionnaire had an acceptable validity of exploratory factor analysis (0.847) and confirmatory factor analysis. The results showed that there is a positive and significant relationship between reverse migration, economic development, physical development, and environmental development (P≤0.01). Reverse migration had a direct and positive effect on economic development (0.69), physical development (0.56), and environmental development (0.55) (P≤0.01). Additionally, reverse migration had an indirect and positive effect (0.34) on physical development and (0.28) on environmental development through economic development in the Mahale Anzal villages of Urmia County (P≤0.01). The authorities should strive to develop the economic conditions of the villages, which will lead to the improvement of living conditions, the strengthening and updating of rural housing, and consequently the physical and environmental development of the villages, thereby improving the living conditions in the villages for reverse migration.

The dominant form of migration in developing countries, including Iran, is from the village to the city. However, during the past two decades, another pattern of migration, reverse migration, has occurred in rural areas in such a way that in the findings of the general population and housing census of 2012, the number of reverse migrants is higher than the rural-urban migration. In the whole city of Natanz, due to its location in the center of Isfahan province, the city of Isfahan has access to the markets of Isfahan, Badroud, Khaled Abad, Natanz, and Targhroud. On the other hand, the physical development of Isfahan and its economic and social relations have various characteristics. During the past years, reverse migration flow to urban and rural settlements has taken place in temporary and permanent forms. The general goal is to investigate and analyze the role of reverse migration in the economic development of villages in Natanz. From a practical point of view, the results of such research provide solutions to the country's managers to implement better planning to prevent migration and encourage migrants to return. Reverse migration is when people return to their first place (origin) after a long residence in another place (destination). In other interpretations and definitions, reverse migration is considered a reaction to creating attractiveness in rural areas, which emerges through the establishment of income in activities such as agriculture or animal husbandry, retirement, and sometimes due to the hardships of urban life; a process in which a person or persons, due to various reasons, return to their first place again from the place they have chosen as their new place.

This research is descriptive-analytical. The samples were based on Cochran's formula, and to complete the discussion, Krejcie and Morgan's sample size determination table was also used. Information was collected from 381 individuals across 24 villages through field surveys using a researcher-made questionnaire.

Regarding gender, 84.78% of the sample was male, and 15.22% were female. Also, 94.75% were married, and 5.25% were single. The age group included 3.93% 20-30 years old, 17.85% 31-40 years old, 28.08% 41-50 years old, 27.30% 60-51 years old, 22.83% 61 years old. Out of the total sample, 2.62% are illiterate, 27.82% have a diploma, and 36.49% have a bachelor's degree, master's degree, or higher.One sample t-test was used to study the factors affecting reverse migration. In order to evaluate the dimensions of the factors affecting the migration from the city to the village, the items were first oriented and it was combined as an average; considering the 5-point Likert scale in the research items, the number 3 was chosen as the theoretical median to evaluate the importance of the dimensions of the factors affecting reverse migration from the society's point of view. This research has been studied at a confidence level of 95%. Given the frequency of variables used for leveling (47 variables in the first step) and the importance of evaluating more important variables and determining the weight and importance of each variable, the factor analysis method was used. In this research, the exploratory factor analysis method was used to summarize data and identify causes. In order to determine the suitability of the collected data for factor analysis, the KMO coefficient and Bartlett's statistic, which were significant at the 1% level, were used, so they were suitable for factor analysis. By benefiting from the factor analysis technique in the principal factor analysis method, 6 factors with eigenvalues greater than 1 were extracted, and the variables for evaluating the dimensions of the factors affecting reverse migration were grouped in these factors based on the factorloading and after orthogonal factor rotation using the Varimax method. The 6 factors explained a total of 71.682% of the total variance related to the variables of factors affecting reverse migration.In this research, the basic theory is the theory of human capital, which was proposed by Larry Shasta. According to the theory of human capital, the return migration of people is formed in the hope of benefiting from more prosperity in the village. The result of the research shows that the reverse immigrants have been able to be effective in the economic sector in both capital and idea sectors. In fact, the innovation of this research can be that the economy is based on reverse migration, and if there is a correct plan and vision in the programs and among managers, it can cause the growth and development of villages.

Population relocation and migration is a sign of the continuity of human life, which has a history as old as humankind. People who consider the continuity of life, social and economic activities, and the field of effort limited and short for themselves in a geographical place start to migrate. Among the spatial-location features related to rural areas, "lack of welfare and civil services" has played a special role in the appearance of the driver of migration to the city. However, with the development of welfare-civil services and the increase in the income of the agricultural sector and belonging to the original birthplace, the return of immigrants to rural areas is provided. The results of this research are related to the research of Shaojun Chen and Wurong Liu (2020); urban repulsion factors and attraction factors play a role in the migration from the city to the countryside. It is associated with Stockdale's (2014) studies concerning urban repulsions, such as the inability to create jobs in cities and rural attractions, such as age and retirement. It is associated with the studies of Edival (2015) about urban repulsions such as lack of job security and rural attractions such as retirement. It is associated with the studies of Langroudi et al. (2012) in the field of rural attractions, such as obtaining more income, increasing relative welfare, and improving human dignity for migrants returning to rural areas. According to the studies of Afrakhteh et al. (2015), in economic and cultural-ethnic causes, the least impact on reverse migration from the city to the village is associated.

In order to create a balanced and sustainable development, it can be of special importance to examine living conditions and peace and prosperity both in cities and in villages. The purpose of this research is to study people's participation in the improvement of rural environments. The context of this study is to investigate the effect of reverse migration on the improvement of rural environments.

The research method is ground theory. The data is the result of a semi-structured interview with 15 informed people, including the village council, village trustees and benefactors, school principals in Mehrabad village, Ardestan city. The method of selection is targeted and accessible and determining their number is to reach the saturation stage.

two central paradigm models "textural-structural changes" and "elderly reverse migration" were chosen as two central phenomena. The selected paradigm of this research is "participatory development". Participatory development means the participants' understanding and lived experience of village improvement and the positive points of the phenomenon of reverse migration. The feeling of belonging to the village and the utilitarian and profit-oriented choice are considered to be the main causal conditions in the phenomenon of participatory development. Providing government support and allocating loans with low interest rates are the conditions that intervene in this phenomenon. According to the participants, the quantity and quality of participation in the improvement of the village can be increased by clarifying the financial sums of participation, as well as by appreciating and thanking and highlighting the participants through the virtual networks of the village.

Villagers have a positive view of reverse migration and people's participation in these migrations. According to them, improvement in villages is done by increasing the population and increasing people's contributions, both financially and non-financially, as well as by attracting government support.

Reverse migration is one of the main flows of rural-urban linkages. This flow is formed by some pushing forces in cities, such as high living costs and air pollution, as well as some pulling factors in rural areas, such as low living costs, pleasant weather, and the opportunity to spend leisure time. It also has various effects on both the origin and the destination of the migration. The purpose of this paper is to analyze the status of reverse migration in terms of both spatial and temporal dimensions. This research is applied research and in terms of the method is exploratory, descriptive and analytical. The data used in this research has been obtained from the Statistical Centre of Iran and has been analyzed during two 5-year periods: 2006-2011 and 2011-2016. Data analysis was performed using spatial statistics techniques in the Arc Map software environment. Research findings at the national level show a relative decrease in reverse migration over five years from 2011 to 2016. At the provincial level, 28 provinces of Iran have experienced negative growth and a relative decrease in reverse migration, and only 3 provinces have experienced positive growth. Findings from spatial analysis at the county level of Iran also show the spatial concentration of a large number of reverse migrations around the two metropolises of Tehran and Mashhad. Also, high values of the ratio of reverse migration to the total number of immigrants are concentrated in the central and northern regions of Iran.

Reverse migration is one of the important factors that change the economic, social, cultural and physical environment of villages and cities in the current era and causes changes in the living conditions of the villages that accept immigrants, because in the current era and considering the critical situation of the cities in terms of economy , life, health, etc., people are returning to the villages and in order to live far away from the traffic and noise of the city, they settle in the villages by buying gardens and houses and continue their lives. And they also try to produce their own consumer items in order to save money in the family's livelihood. The aim was to explain the direct and indirect effects of reverse migration on the economic, social and cultural development of the villages of Urmia (Mahal Anzal) in West Azerbaijan province in 2017-2021. The research design was descriptive and analytical. The statistical population of the research was 944 households who returned from the city to the villages of Mahal Anzal, of which 275 households were selected by quota sampling method and answered the questionnaires randomly. The research questionnaire has the validity of exploratory factor analysis 0.847 and confirmatory factor analysis was accepted. Data with questionnaire, researcher made with reliability 0.818 collect and with (SPSS-V.28) and (Lisrel-V.10) software were analyzed. The results showed that there is a positive and significant relationship between reverse migration, economic development, social development and cultural development (P≤0.01). Reverse migration has a direct and positive effect on economic development (0.69), social development (0.70) and cultural development (0.28) has been and also, reverse migration has an indirect and positive effect (0.39) on cultural development was through social development (P≤0.01). The authorities should review the positive effects of reverse migration to the villages, by formulating new laws and by maintaining the rural body, it causes development and income generation of villages and villagers in order to improve the employment and income situation and become a livelihood for all people, especially the residents of the villages.

Migration is a phenomenon common to all countries and reverse migration is reflective of migration from urban to rural areas. It is a phenomenon that gradually increases and could have consequences in the society. The purpose of this study is to investigate environmental, physical, economic, and social causes and consequences of reverse migration to rural areas of Buin and Miandasht. This research is descriptive-analytical in which the data were collected using the library-field method. From the 5 rural districts of this county, 5 villages that had the most reverse migrant households were selected. Then, a sample of 290 reverse migrants was determined and questioned using the Cochran method. According to descriptive data, environmental-physical aspects with a mean of 40.14 have been the most important factors of migration. The results of the confirmatory factor analysis and the path coefficient of the main causes show a 40% influence of social causes, 41.7% of economic causes, and 48.2% of physical-environmental causes on reverse migration. The results of the independent t-test for all variables (i.e. positive and negative consequences of reverse migration) also showed that the average negative effects are physical (29.86%), economic (14.09%), and social (20.90%). The average positive effects are physical (14.38%), economic (24.68%), and social (30.13%). In examining the results, the change in natural landscapes with an average of 3.96 had the greatest environmental-physical impact. The improvement of educational indicators with an average of 3.44 had the greatest social impact and increasing land and housing price with an average of 3.45 had the greatest economic impact.

The phenomenon of irregular migration from the village to the city is one of the biggest problems of most third world countries, including Iran. One of the most important ways to solve these problems is to encourage reverse migration to rural areas. For this reason, knowing the factors affecting reverse migration has been the subject of various researches. The purpose of this research is to identify the factors affecting reverse migration from urban areas of Kermanshah City to rural areas. This research is practical in terms of purpose. In terms of data collection, in the stage of designing the theoretical foundations and preparing the questionnaire, the documentary method was used, and in the stage of data collection, a survey was made using the researcher's questionnaire. Data analysis is also done with the help of descriptive-analytical method. The statistical population is the households that have migrated to the villages of Kermanshah during the last 5 years. Questionnaires were randomly distributed among 384 households from the statistical population, and 371 questionnaires were completed. The data were analyzed by exploratory factor analysis. According to the existing tests, the 9 studied factors that were able to explain 62 percent of the variance of 38 items related to the factors affecting reverse migration, respectively are: housing, household income and expenditure, cultural-biological factor, access to educational and health services, physical factor, job opportunities factor in the rural environment, belongingness and nativeness factor, tourism attractions and handicrafts factor and Finally, the least influential factor on reverse migration is the government's support policies for the villagers.

Explaining the social, cultural and economic factors of reverse migration from city to village (Case study: Sarpol-e Zahab city) Reverse migration is a process that includes three stages of birth and life in the village, migration to the city and living there and then, returning to the village. The purpose of this study is social, cultural and economic factors of reverse migration from urban to rural areas. The present study is considered as a descriptive correlational study according to the applied purpose and according to the data collection method. The statistical population of the study includes households with reverse migration from city to village in Sarpol-e-Zahab city, using Cochran's formula, 406 people were selected as the sample size. In this study, quota sampling method was used to select the sample. To analyze the data, two descriptive sections (center orientation and dispersion indices) and inferential indices (correlation and regression) were used using SPSS and AMOS software. The results show that unity and empathy (r = 0.70), educational facilities (r = 0.34), tourist attractions (r = 0.74), new communication technologies (r = 0.69) There is a positive and significant relationship between access to resources (r = 0.75), infrastructure development (r = 0.78) and reverse migration from urban to rural areas.

 
One of the emerging phenomena of modern urbanization that has had a significant impact on various problems in metropolitan areas is the reverse migration from urban to villages locating in the suburbs of the cities. The continuation of reverse migration has reduced life quality and doubled the pressure on the rural environment. The rapid physical growth of Tabriz (called Urban Creep) has caused the uncontrollable development of rural settlements and has created a kind of new marginalization. Currently, the growth and development rate in the villages connecting to Tabriz is very high, so that the area of these villages has multiplied in recent years, and their population is several times more than that of Tabriz city. It should be noted that the average national growth rate is increasing. However, many of the areas built in these villages are outside the legal boundaries. Due to the lack of a local urban plan, illegal constructions and marginalization in these villages occur with an upward trend. If the trend of reverse migration in these areas continues, a turbulent and organic fabric will emerge in the next few years.

 This study aims to determine the effect of various factors on migration from Tabriz to the surrounding villages and explain the rapid development of these villages. A descriptive-analytical research method has been used in the study. The documentary-library tools and field studies, including questionnaire, was used to collect the information. The statistical population of this study includes the migrants returned from Tabriz to the seven studied villages. In the new comprehensive plan of Tabriz, the villages of Anakhaton, Alvar Olia, Kojovar, Sahlan, Oghli, Khilijan, Konduro (Kondrud), which were previously outside the city limits, have entered the city limits. Subsequently, the research questionnaires were completed from the seven villages connecting to Tabriz city. The components of reverse migration are physical, socio-cultural, economic, and environmental factors, of which 114 were selected using the convenience sampling method. Cronbach's alpha coefficient was used to determine the reliability of the questionnaires, and the obtained mean reliability was 0.7.

 The average growth of the country's rural population during the last ten years (2006-2016) was 69.0%, while it was +43.83% for the studied villages in this period. This growth indicates that rapid physical development has increased in recent years in the villages surrounding Tabriz due to the high cost of land and housing in the Tabriz. The population of the studied villages in 2006 was 25892 people, which has increased to 37249 people in 2016. Furthermore, the area of other villages in 2006 was 284.61 hectares, which has increased to 552 hectares in 2016 and have grown 93.94%.

Based on the field studies and the data analysis results, in terms of population growth and population attraction, the highest population growth was related to Anakhaton village. According to the factor analysis model, twelve factors were involved in reverse migration to the villages connecting to Tabriz. In the economic and housing factor, the high cost of living in the city with a correlation coefficient of 0.731; in the ecological factor, healthy drinking water with a correlation coefficient of 0.813; in the recreational-tourism factor, the natural tourism spaces with correlation coefficient 0.8; in the entrepreneurship and employment factor, establishment of an industrial workshop in the village with a correlation coefficient of 0.705; in uniformity of social class factor, matching the village with the social class with a correlation coefficient of 0.739; in the urban pollution factor, pollution of the cities with correlation coefficient of 0.820;  in village enthusiasm factor; the existence of a happy rural life with a correlation coefficient of 0.774; in the job opportunities factor, the job potentials with correlation coefficient of 0.827; in the security and spatial affiliation, the village security with a correlation coefficient of 0.715; in the high density of the city, urban population density with a correlation coefficient of 0.704; in the cultural-behavioral factors and government support, the factor of government support from the villagers in the form of equity shares and subsidies with a correlation coefficient of 0.858 were the most important variables in reverse migration from Tabriz to the connected villages. Moreover, according to the factor analysis model, the economic and housing factor (Eigenvalue=9.61) determined more than twenty-six percent of reverse migration variance and was the most important reason for the reverse migration to the surrounding villages of Tabriz. The high cost of living in the city, low income, high land prices in the city, low purchase and rental prices in the village were among the economic factors affecting the reverse migration.

The trend of rural-urban migration during the last 35 years in Iran indicates the formation of reverse migration flow.Despite its impact on the origin and destination, it has received less attention from researchers and planners.In this regard, this study was conducted using descriptive-analytical, correlational and causal research methods and with the aim of explaining the role of reverse migration in the development of rural settlements in District 19.Identifying the most important factors involved in reverse migration of villagers is another goal of the study.The data collection tool in this study is a researcher-made questionnaire whose validity has been formally confirmed by the relevant experts. Cronbach's alpha value was used to determine the reliability of the questionnaire, which is equal to 0.78, and this value is satisfactory in humanities research.The statistical population of the study was 384 people based on Cochran's model by random sampling. To analyze the obtained data, one-sample t-test and independent t-test were used and spss and pls software were used.The results of this study showed that the role of reverse migration in the development of rural settlements in terms of economic, social, physical and environmental dimensions is very high.

This study has been conducted using descriptive-analytical research, correlation and causality and aims to explain the role of reverse migration in development ofsettlements of 19th area villagers. Also another goal of this study is the identification of the most important factors which are involved in villagers reverse migrations. The main question of this study is to differentiate the relation between reverse migration and economic development in rural settlements. Data collecting tool in this research is the researcher’s questionnaire that its justifiability has been formally confirmed by the expert’s opinion. And in order to determine the questionnaire’s reliability, Cronbach's alpha has been used which equals to 0.78, and this amount is satisfying in humanities researches. The research statistical population volume is based on 384 people Cochran model which is sampled by random. For the analysis of the collected data we have utilized singular T sample statistical tests and independent T, and also in this research we have used SPSS, and PLS softwares. The present research results indicates that the role of reverse migration in development of rural settlements, is very large from the economic dimension. The results evaluation of the different opinions of two groups ofexperts and migrators using the T test, suggests that the significance level for social-economic components is lower than 0.05, and there exists a difference of significance between the average of experts and migrators opinions on impact of reverse migration on social and economic development of villagers settlements.

Abstract Today, migration is one of the main problems of rural communities and empowering villagers seems to be one of the best solutions. Therefore, the aim of this study is to investigate the effect of individual and environmental factors of Empowerment of villagers on reverse migration and the relationship between them to the case study of Kordabad, Vian and Taherlu villages Kaboudrahang. In this regard, the present research method is descriptive-analytical with a practical purpose that has been collected by the data questionnaire tool and to analyze the data is used from Pearson correlation coefficient, step-by-step regression and variance analysis test in the form of SPSS software. In this regard, research findings have shown that there is a direct and significant relationship between individual and environmental factors with rural empowerment with the motive of reverse migration, individual and environmental empowerment factors are effective in reverse migration and that the motive for reverse migration among rural villagers Taherloo and Vian are more than the villagers of Kordabad village. Keywords: Individual and environmental factors, empowerment, reverse migration, Kordabad, Vian, Taherlo villages.

Reverse migration is the process of migrating from village to town and back to rural home. Rasht coastal villages are one of the areas that has experienced the phenomenon of reverse migration. This return will undoubtedly have many physical, environmental and social impacts but the purpose of the present study is to analyze and explain the consequences of reverse migration in the socio-economic and cultural developments of Rasht coastal villages during the last two decades. The main question of this article is that to what extent have the socio-economic and cultural developments of the villages in the study area been affected by the reverse migration and how were the effects and consequences of the reverse migration in the coastal villages of the study area? The method used in this article is library and field method it also uses tools such as direct viewing, photos and questionnaires to complete the data and Morgan's method was used to determine the sample population. The results of the study show in the event that rural managers can attract immigrant capital will be able to contribute more to rural development and of course immigrants have an impact on the overall culture of the new society, hence, the management of the discussion of cultural, social, economic and psychological damages and how immigrants are affected by the target culture or their impact on the target culture also needs to be managed.

The plentiful problems of living in metropolitan areas, such as high living costs and high land and housing costs, mental and psychological pressures, environmental pollution and other repulsive factors, have led to many problems and have left room for residents and urban managers; therefore, the adoption of a decentralization policy The exit from the city of Tehran as the capital of the country is accepted and emphasized by experts and officials. This research is based on the studies and research carried out in this field with the aim of investigating the factors affecting the decision to leave and migrate residents of Tehran to other cities. The research was conducted by descriptive-analytic method and completed by a simple random sampling questionnaire among 384 households living in Tehran. This research was carried out in order to answer the existence of a significant relationship between factors such as environmental pollution, social issues, economic factors and the decision of residents of Tehran to leave the city. Using statistical methods and independent model of attributes, analyzing the data was done at two descriptive and inferential levels. And the results show that environmental pollution and social issues are effective in the decision of residents of Tehran to leave Tehran metropolis and economic factors do not have a meaningful relationship with this issue.

The decision to return to villages is influenced by different factors. The purpose of this paper is to assess the motivations of reverse migration and its consequences in the villages of Ijroud city in Zanjan province. The research is of an applied type conducted via a survey method. The study population consisted of the migrants returning to villages of Ijroud. The sample size was determined using the Cochran formula (n = 125). The respondents in this study were selected using the stratified random sampling method. The data were collected using a structured questionnaire. The face validity and the content validity of the questionnaire were confirmed by a panel of experts. A pre-test and Cronbach's alpha coefficients were used to measure the reliability (0.79-0.81). Through an exploratory factor analysis, the reverse migration motivations were summarized into four factors including improvement of the welfare and health in rural areas, improvement of the natural attractions of the village and providing a quiet environment, improvement of the prospects for profitability, and improvement of the capacity of agricultural employment in the region. These factors explained 60.80 % of the migration's motivations. Also, using exploratory factor analysis, the consequences of reverse migration to rural area were summarized in three factors including improvement of development and health indexes, increase of rural participation and investment rates, and mental relaxation. These factors explained 33.65 percent of the total variance of the consequences of reverse migration.

IntroductionOne of the most important consequences of rapid growth of urbanization and physical expansion of cities in Iran in recent decades has been the disintegration of the distribution system of urban services centers. The increase of urban population and the need for creating new city centers which can accommodate the added population to large cities are effective factors in establishing new towns. Considering the growth of urbanization in the present century, the subject of establishing new towns has been introduced and implemented as a necessity for absorbing urban population overflow and de-centralizing population and employment in Iran and the world, which has had a lot of consequences. Increase in citie's population was the direct result of increase in migrants and population, particularly in developing and underdeveloped countries. The rapid population growth in developing countries during the last three decades has resulted in different consequences and problems such as density, pollution, unemployment, and shortage of housing and urban services. Expansion of urbanization and, consequently, the special problems of urban life made necessary the finding of some solutions for optimizing citizen’s lives. In the majority of historical periods, from the start of civilization, new towns have been built in different part of the world. Construction of the new towns in Iran can be studied in two periods of before and after the revolution. This research investigated the factors affecting reverse migration to the new town of Binalood as the second new town around Mashhad metropolis.
Theoretical FrameworkIn the majority of historical periods, from the first civilization, new towns have been built across the world. Construction of new towns in Iran could be surveyed before and after the revolution. After revolution, the project of new towns construction with forward planning was proposed by Ministry of Housing and Urban Development as a solution to the problems of metropolises in the late 1980s, and was approved by the government. Therefore, in different provinces of the country, construction of 17 new towns and further construction of 12 new towns in later years were started.
MethodologyThe descriptive-analytical research method was used in the present research. The main aim of the research was to study the impact of integration of villages on the development of Binalood new town and its economic effects on reverse migrants. Binalood new town which was built to accommodate Mashhad’s extra population is located 55 Km to the southwest of Mashhad city.
FindingThe master plan of Binalood new town was approved by the Supreme Council of Architecture and Urbanism in 2002.2.28. Although this new town was anticipated to be populated from 2003, it had no population until 2005 and from this time onward, it started to be populated as a result of the primary provision of the required infrastructure so that its population reached 264 by the end of 2006. This number reached 3454 and 3818 by the end of 2008 and 2011, respectively. Primary investigations showed that 54 households of Binalood accounting for a population of 205 are considered as reverse migrants who were the inhabitants of Avareshk and Fakhr-e-Davood villages which are now integrated in Binalood new town. The previous city where these migrants have been living was Mashhad, and the main reason for returning to Binalood was employment. It should be noted that the reason for over 13-fold increase in the population of this new town is the addition of two villages of Avarshk and Fakhr-e-Davood to the legal limits of Binalood new town in order to use the potential of the population of these two villages. Personal satisfaction rate with living status in the new town of Binalood was higher than that of the previous place. The highest frequency based on the time duration of the returning inverse migrants to Binalood new town with 57/4% is related to more than 4 years. This time of their return was simultaneous with the start of the activities of Khorasan's Iran Khodro and the creation of appropriate occupational opportunities in the new town. The main motivation and reason for the return of migrants to Binalood has been employment with the highest frequency of 75/9%. The start of the activities of Khorasan's Iran Khodro and Binalood's Industrial Town created a suitable situation for native people seeking jobs.
Discussion and ConclusionAccording to the results of this research, it was concluded that the master plan of Binalood was unsuccessful in achieving its aims by the end of 2011. Investigations on the evaluated indicators showed that none of them was realized completely, so that the rate of realization of the anticipated population was 5.66%. Analyzing the economic status of the migrants before and after immigration to Binalood showed that their economic status improved after returning to Binalood. Moreover, housing status of the majority of emigrants improved significantly compared to the past, and now they have their own houses. Furthermore, the satisfaction rate of these people with their living situation in the new town of Binalood was high in comparison with their previous place. Finally, in order to achieve the aims of this new town, the most important problems in the way of their implementation, i.e., insufficient infrastructures and equipment and shortage of different services, must be solved.

The main objective of this paper is to examine the root causes of the formation of reverse migration and its Impact on the reconstruction of socio-cultural, economic, policy and strategic spatial-physical and villages of Ardebil north (Parsabad, Bilesuar And Moghan). Method of the research is also library – documents that With analysis of Secondary data from population and housing censuses And using simple random sampling by distributing questionnaires among 333 people from relevant authorities (governors, district), housing experts Housing, and village Islamic council members and residents of villages was carried out. To test Research Variables use Pearson's method and SPSS software. The results show that a positive, Meaningful and effectiveness relationship is between Reverse migration variables and socio-cultural, economic, policy and spatial-physical and strategic variables.