جستجوی مقالات مرتبط با کلیدواژه « rural management » در نشریات گروه « جغرافیا »

Sustainable rural development is a process that aims to improve the conditions of the village environment along with improving the life of the villagers while protecting the village environment. In sustainable rural development, addressing the position and role of rural management is one of the requirements of development. The aim of the current research is to analyze and rank the effective indicators of village selection in the direction of sustainable development. The research method of this research is descriptive-analytical, in the first step of library-documentary studies and then in the continuation of the work to achieve the research goals, field study has been done.The research collection tool is also a questionnaire (5-point Likert). The statistical population consists of 312 rural residents. 16spss software (Friedman test and one-sample T) was also used to analyze the questionnaire data. The findings show that from the point of view of households and residents, among the factors influencing the choice of rural assistant, the variables of educational field (6.20), high public relations (5.75) and age (5.70) are among the most important variables. It is more.

Given the rapid pace of change we currently experience, adopting a sound approach to rural governance can lay the foundation for creating sustainable and inclusive communities. This study aimed to identify the key drivers and effective strategies for enhancing the performance of good governance indicators in rural management within Ardabil Province. Applying a future-oriented research approach, the study followed an applied and mixed research method, employing a sequential exploratory approach. In the initial phase, the qualitative Delphi method was used, involving a survey of experts (comprising 28 individuals) associated with the research topic. This phase extracted the factors and variables that contributed to good rural governance. Subsequently, the scenario planning method was applied, utilizing the weight approach in consultation with experts. The software tool of MICMAC was employed to identify the driving factors, while the Scenario Wizard software was used to analyze future scenarios. Initially, 12 key factors were identified, which were later consolidated into 10 factors due to overlap. A total of 26 potential situations were considered for these key factors. The software generated 902 scenarios, of which 16 were deemed valid with 3 scenarios demonstrating high compatibility. The results obtained highlighted the system's instability with the most significant impact attributed to the transparency index, central justice, and accountability. The decision-making influence exerted by influential groups in rural management created a critical situation across all three scenarios, emphasizing the crucial role of public oversight and participation of villagers in advancing the goals of good rural governance.

Sustainable rural development is a holistic approach in rural development. Rural development in Iran has not been fully realized in the past few decades because it has had problems and challenges for rural development planners and policy makers in different dimensions. The lack of comprehensive and unified management in the administrative structure has added to the above problems to achieve rural development. Based on this, rural management is very important in achieving sustainable rural development in Iran. In the new management system of the country, the management of villages has been entrusted to councils and dehiaris. In this research, the performance of dehiaris and councils has been evaluated in order to achieve sustainable rural development in Barnetin village of Rodan city in Hormozgan province. In this research, a descriptive-analytical method has been used, and a closed questionnaire whose validity and reliability have been confirmed has been used to collect data. The sample size is 329 household heads, which was calculated using Cochran's formula. In this research, spss software and chi-square, Friedman, and T-test were used for data analysis. The results of the Chi-square test show that the level of satisfaction with the performance of rural local management in the economic index (2.32) is lower than other indicators. The results of the f test show that the village of Kahnushtri is at a higher level than other villages in terms of physical, spatial (2.81), ecological (3.21), social (2.87), cultural (3.47) and Abgarman village in the economic field (2.46). It is at a higher level compared to other villages. Also, in the cultural field of Barnetin village (2.5), it is at a lower level than other villages.

The purpose of this research is to determine the social challenges of the local managers of the villages of Shaft city in the process of sustainable rural development. The current research is applied in terms of purpose and analytical in terms of descriptive method. The required information has been obtained through documentary sources and field studies. The statistical population included local managers of 94 inhabited villages (389 people) in Shaft city, who completed the questionnaire using the full number method. Data analysis was done through factor analysis technique and with 31 variables.The results of the research show that low participation of villagers with local managers in rural development programs, lack of trust or low confidence of villagers in local managers, high expectations of villagers from local managers and limited power of Islamic councils and villagers are the most important social challenges and disregard for opinions and The customs of the people in rural management, the low cooperation of the members of the Islamic Council with the villagers, the failure to encourage the people to cooperate in the maintenance and operation of facilities are the least important social challenges in the path of sustainable development in Shaft. The results of the factor analysis show that the most important social challenges of local managers in the villages of Shaft county include security, education, participation, migration, trust, social deficiencies and investment, and the investment challenge with a factor load of 0.848 has the greatest impact on the sustainable development process.The participation and cooperation of villagers in the maintenance and operation of village facilities, taking advantage of the experiences of knowledgeable and literate people, and holding regular training courses for local managers are among the most important practical solutions to reduce the social challenges of local managers in the villages of Shaft county.

Effective rural management requires utilizing novel managerial and institutional approaches to help adopt strategies and solutions that will make rural families resilient against various perils, such as drought. Thus, the present research aims to investigate the role of rural management in rural peoples’ resiliency against drought. This research falls under applied research and is descriptive-analytical. The statistical population of this research consists of 32 villages in the central part of the city of Ardabil with 8038 households. The sample size was estimated to be 384 people using the Cochran formula, which was distributed in proportion to the number of the heads of the households in each village. To investigate the rural management, four indicators in the form of 40 components, and to investigate resiliency against drought, four indicators in the form of 40 components were used based on previous literature. The exerts examined the face validity of the questionnaire, while its total reliability was 0.784 based on Cronbach’s alpha. Findings revealed that from among rural management indicators, environment management explained 0.703 of the resiliency variances against drought. Also, based on villagers’ perspective, the average resiliency indicators of preparations, reaction, and prevention were greater than the moderate rate, as the average resiliency indicators of recovery and reconstruction were lower than the moderate level (2.80). On the other hand, the MAIRCA technique indicated that the village of Amoughin held the highest rate of resiliency against drought, while Arvanagh held the lowest rate. The study also found that a set of systematic factors could explain the roles and developments of the rural management in villagers’ resiliency, as rural management can use an all-out vision to increase the resiliency of villagers against types of natural disasters and offer necessary warnings to them so that rural sustainability is provided.

The rural management system in Iran faces problems such as attitudes in planning and resource distribution, technocratic and government-oriented governance, low agricultural productivity ratio, unfavorable situation of rural education and low participation in rural development planning. On the other hand, rural councils are considered as a fledgling institution and as a new rural management and executive managers at the village level. The aim of this study is to identify the factors affecting the sustainability of rural development management according to the performance of rural councils in Shanderman district. The research seeks to answer the question: According to which factors, the operation of rural councils affects the sustainability? Research is in nature, applied and developmental and is considered as qualitative research. The statistical population in the qualitative stage includes a group of experts and university professors who are first selected in a purposeful manner and in the form of snowballs. Data were then collected by Delphi method in two stages with semi-structured interview. Interview data were analyzed in three stages of open, axial and selective coding to classify concepts and categories. Findings show that the operation of rural councils in the form of 7 general indicators is effective in sustainable management of rural development. Environmental index, socio-cultural index, economic index, planning index, institutional-organizational index, administrative index and physical index that are extracted and their relations are evaluated with, through axial coding process by selective coding of sustainable development management.

 Rural areas are a well-known research topic. Development in these areas is due to the efficiency of agricultural institutions that should ensure the welfare of these areas and employment and population factors that lead to the growth of welfare. In relation to these areas, development is to improve the living conditions and is the most important solution to solve the problems of the villagers. But for this issue, the first step will be to identify the challenges and obstacles to development in these areas, one of the main axes of which is to pay attention to the managerial performance of managers in these communities.

 On the one hand, research is a qualitative research that seeks to explore and identify the factors affecting the management of managers in the development of rural areas, and on the other hand, it is a quantitative research, because it tries to describe these factors statistically by tests. From the point of view of research classification, based on purpose, research is of applied type. Because it seeks to apply the theories, regularities, principles and techniques developed in basic research to solve practical and real problems. Also, in terms of the possibility of controlling variables, the present study is a quasi-experimental research, because due to the post-event nature of the research, it is not possible to control variables completely. In the qualitative part of the research, sampling was done randomly and selectively from local residents. In the end, after reaching the theoretical saturation and reaching the repetitive answers, the qualitative part of the research was completed. But for the quantitative part of the research that sought to describe and identify the factors affecting the performance weaknesses of local managers for development in rural areas, first these criteria should be integrated into factors and sub-factors. On the one hand, this made the research criteria clearer and on the other hand, it made it easier to measure it in the researcher-made questionnaire. Therefore, the semantic units obtained from the interview were coded and classified in three stages. This classification was the basis for designing a questionnaire in the Likert scale. The validity and content of the questionnaire were also confirmed by a panel of experts after simplifying some of the questions and statements. The reliability of the questionnaire for Cronbach's alpha coefficient was 0.796, which indicates the appropriateness of the research tool for measuring the subject. The questionnaire was randomly distributed among the sample population which included 230 samples (according to Cochran's formula) from rural areas of Dolatabad district. The sample size for rural areas was proportional to the number of rural households in these areas. SPSS and Lisral were used to analyze the data. Thus, factor analysis was used as a multivariate analysis technique to evaluate the factors and to show their significance, the T-statistic model was used.

According to the results of the interview, 43 semantic units were obtained which after coding and classification, these criteria were classified into 26 criteria and 4 general dimensions. These criteria are the most important managerial performance of managers in the rural area, which has played an important role in the development of the rural area from the point of view of the local community. After identifying the desired criteria, these criteria were evaluated in a specialized questionnaire by 230 samples from the study population and analyzed in the LISR program. Based on the results, the value of t-statistic for all criteria is more than 1.96, which indicates a significant relationship between criteria and factors. Therefore, all criteria have the necessary accuracy to measure their own structure and each indicator only measures its own structure and the criteria are correctly classified in the form of key barriers. Based on the statistical values ​​obtained, which are the most important results of the analysis, the highest factor load for administrative-organizational factors; Body; It has been social and economic. Therefore, the administrative-organizational factor is studied as the most important factor for the performance of managers in the development of rural areas.

 Identifying and evaluating the performance of managers in the development of the studied rural area was in 4 main dimensions, administrative-organizational, social, economic and physical. In each of these factors, some criteria had the highest factor load. In the administrative-organizational factor, the standard of professional experience and activity of local managers; In the physical factor, the general standard of retrofitting houses in rural areas, which includes the sub-criteria of regulating suitable laws for rural constructions and providing suitable financial resources for retrofitting houses, had the highest factor load. In the social factor, the standard of effective communication and cooperation between managers and local people has been most important. In relation to this standard, it is clear that two-way and mutual communication between managers and local people will lead to cooperative management. This is a standard that the development literature considers its role in realizing development goals to be very important. In the economic factor, the criterion of paying attention to the economic interests of the village was the most important criterion, which had the highest factor load. In general, the findings of the research determined the challenges faced by managers in the development of rural areas. Of course, the subject of the research was only investigating the challenges of managers in rural areas, but the performance of local managers in some areas, especially in the physical-spatial field, has been appropriate. Construction and creation of new roads in the village, improvement and renovation of roads, security of residential units, etc.

In this paper, we tried to study the effect of cultural intelligence on the contextual performance of rural dignitaries (Dehyaran) in rural area. The research method in this descriptive-analytic study is a major part of its data collected based on field studies from the region. The statistical population of the study consisted of 24 sample villages with a population of 86856 people in the form of 23997 households. The sample size of 316 people was determined by Cochran method and selected by systematic random sampling from among the villagers. In this sample, the number of 24 dignitaries, 72 members of the Islamic Council of the provinces and 6 administrative experts were added, finally 418 questionnaires were completed. The findings of the study, based on the results of structural analysis, show that in general, cultural intelligence has a positive and direct effect on the yield of dairy farmers with a coefficient of 0.1729 Among the dimensions of cultural intelligence, the cultural intelligence strategy with the coefficient of 5.91 had the most significant positive and significant effect on the contextual performance of the dignitaries in the study area and then the dimension of cultural intelligence behavior with a coefficient of 2.923 on the contextual performance of effective managers have been. In this study, there is no relation between the dimensions of knowledge and the motivation of cultural intelligence and the contextual performance of tenants.

The lack of efficient and principled management in the villages, especially in recent decades, has created problems for the villagers. The traditional management structure cannot solve the problems of a productive and interactive rural society in times of drastic changes. Identifying the dimensions of this vulnerability of rural communities and the response of rural management is the subject of investigation in this research.

Purpose of the research:

 The present study was conducted to analyze the role of rural management in reducing the vulnerability of the lives of villagers in Shurab Dehistan, Chegani County.

This research is a descriptive-analytical study using a survey, and the statistical population under investigation includes 50 people from the villages of Shorab village of Chegani County. The collected data were analyzed in the form of a structural equation model.

Geographical area of research:

Shorab Rural District is in Visian District of Chegani County in Lorestan Province.

The current research emphasizes economic vulnerability as the most critical vulnerability in rural settlements. Among the indicators/items that explain the variable of rural vulnerability, the item of reducing the quality of life and lack of employment, from the item of physical vulnerability, the indicator/item of efforts to improve the physical condition of the village, among the item of social vulnerability, the item/empowerment and capacity building Local people and institutions have the most contribution and influence in rural development and the issue of economic vulnerability/the issue of employing in villages and the development of jobs resulting from rural tourism.

In social dimensions, rural management policies should focus on improving living conditions, improving the level of awareness and skills of villagers, and supporting the rural social network. In economic terms, paying attention to the development of local and sustainable industries, supporting entrepreneurship and employment in rural areas, and ecotourism development can help rural development.

In recent years, attention has been paid to the participation of rural women in rural management. However, the entry of women into the field of rural management faces a significant delay. Therefore, the purpose of this research was to analyze the barriers of rural women's tendency to participate in rural executive management in the villages of Zanjan County.  Documentary and field methods were used for the descriptive and analytical study to collect data. The statistical population of this research were two levels of local people (319 sample people) and local managers (26 people). The results of Friedman's test showed that from local people’s perspective, institutional and organizational barriers with an average rank of 3.32 and economic and financial barriers with an average rating of 2.72 were the highest and lowest causes. On the other hand, analyzing the local managers’ ideas showed that institutional and organizational barriers with an average rating of 3.47 and informational and communication barriers with 2.57 are the most and least causes of women's non-participation in village management. The results of the factor analysis test showed that, from local people’s point of view, there are individual and personality factors, social and cultural environment, institutional, organizational, informational, communicational and economic factors and from the point of view of local managers, there are social and cultural environment factors, individual and personality, institutional and organizational factors. Informational and communicational and financial factors were the most important barriers. The results showed that there were many barriers in the tendency of rural women to participate in the executive management of villages.

After more than a decade of dehumanization, the evaluation of the functioning of this popular institution has been considered;With an overview of the villages in the central region of Guilan, it can be seen that most of the villages have evolved from the physical-spatial dimension, but in other dimensions, especially the economic dimension, they have been unsuccessful.As development should be realized in all its dimensions, rural pathology can be traced along with the pathology of current rural management.The statistical population of this research is the central region of Guilan province, which includes: Rasht-Rudbar-Anzali-Sumi-Sara-Shafteh and Fouman; totaling 939 villages.To select the sample, villages with a selection were selected.Selection of villages is done according to the geographical location in an optional manner.10 very large villages are selected. 40 percent of the big villages - 20 percent of the middle villages and 10 percent of the small villages are considered as examples. In total, 120 villages are exemplary.In the context of the main hypothesis of the research, it has been proved that the new rural management system and the development of the villages in the central region of Guilan are damaged and the most damage is in the environmental-ecological areas.Also, based on the number of collected responses, the lack of proper planning for waste management, the problem of disposal of surface water and household sewage, and land use change as the most important environmental-ecological damage.

The development of rural settlements mostly depends on such someimportant factors likeeffective local management. Moreover, rural development can be achieved through creating organized groups likevillage administrations. Rural management (village administration) plays an important role in executing rural development activities and measuring the performance of rural managers paves the way of improving villagers’ livelihood.This research tried to explorethe village headmen’s performance in rural areas of centraldistrict of Mashhad. The applied study used descriptive-analytical method and a researcher-made questionnaire. Twelve villages of the central district of Mashhad were studied. Using Cochran formula and considering an error of 5%, the size of the sample was determined to be 367 households. The collecteddatawere analyzed by SPSS and GIS software and WASPAS. The results showed that the performance of the village headmen regarding unemployment reduction, employment development, and encouraging investment indicators is not good. Regarding “the effort to increase income” their performance is normal. Generally, their performance regarding economic growth variable of the villages ismoderate. Moreover, the results of WASP model showed that the village headmen of Farmad, Doostabad, and Amir Abad villages performed better than the heads of other villages. The spatial analysis of village headmen’s performance regarding the development of rural economy showed that there is a significant relationship between the performance of village headmen with indicators such as the distance to Mashhad (r= -0.902), population size (r= -0.646), growth rate (r= -0.656), cultivated area (r= 0.584), literate population (r= 0.618) and the number of employees (r= 0.620).

The role of villages in the economic, social and political development at the local, regional and international scale has been the main focus of rural development and rural management. Rural management in Iran went through a lot of changes after the approval of the Law on Councils and the formation of Islamic Councils in settlements with more than 20 households, and eventually, the approval of the Establishment of Self-Sufficient Rural Municipalities Act on July 5, 1998. Based on this Act, several duties are recognized for rural municipalities, including rural planning, construction service, rural health, social services, cultural services, planning for disasters, improvement of rural environmental conditions and supervision of physical development plans. These duties are similar in all villages with councils. Despite the fact that rural management services are necessary for all kinds of villages, it is not possible to provide these services; even if it is possible, the cost is not viable. In other words, we currently have expensive and costly management of rural settlements. Therefore, after two decades of new rural management, a study needs to analyze the geographical, social, cultural and economic conditions. The purpose of this study is for the new rural management to cover services as much as possible with economic efficiency, promotion of public participation and private sector, the spatial connection of settlements, applying distributed network services and reduction of functional differences, reformation in different dimensions; environmental-physical, structural-institutional, social-cultural, economic and human aspects of rural management. Thus, we can provide a suitable model for providing integrated rural management that all the rural population will be provided services according to their right.

The current research is an applied study, and the results can be used in planning and decision-making. The research method is a survey, so with social sampling techniques can be generalized to other rural areas. The data collection tool is a questionnaire, which was used for four units of analysis, including the members of the Islamic village council, the village mayors, villagers and experts. The survey is of a descriptive and explanatory type because it aims to objectively and precisely explain the process of the activities of rural municipalities and examine the relationships between variables and structures to explain and interpret the influencing factors in improving performance. This will be used for rearranging the current model of rural management with the aim of providing maximum coverage of services. The statistical population of the research includes all the cities of Qazvin province (six cities). The target counties, districts and rural districts have been selected as clusters. A total of 427 questionnaires have been completed by residents of 40 selected villages in Qazvin province. The criteria are population, distance, number and population of villages. First, nine districts were selected and accordingly, 22 rural districts and finally, 40 villages were selected.

In this paper, the factors affecting the reorganization of the rural service management model in five dimensions of environmental-physical, structural-institutional, social-cultural, economic and human aspects. The findings indicated the effectiveness of the described dimensions. Based on the findings, the followings are the most important components: in the environmental-physical dimension, components such as adopting an area instead of a point-based approach, spatial link and geographical features of the region and maximum coverage of services, in the structural-institutional dimension, the components of amending laws and regulations, creating joint construction and service organizations, increasing villager activity hours and providing services to neighboring villages, in the socio-cultural dimension, the components of fair distribution of services, accountability, performance transparency, increasing interactions and attention to vulnerable groups, in the economic dimension, the components of compliance with economic efficiency, reducing service costs, increasing productivity, sustainable sources of income, shared services, and finally, in the human dimension, components of people's participation, private and cooperative sector, reforming the selection process of village mayors and citizenship education. These components can be used for rearranging the rural management for rural service.

Rural management is always worth studying from different aspects. Performance of rural management is one of these aspects that plays an effective role in the process of developing and strengthening. Investigation and analysis of the role of management in development, physical dimension and reduction of physical vulnerability in rural areas is in line with sustainable development. The physical dimension, as part of the process of sustainable regional development, provides the basis for the stabilization, maintenance and absorption of the population, and consequently, their activities, because the focus of physical-spatial development and related programs, plans and projects based on a systemic considers both the current situation and the future.Aliabad Katoul County is an area where a large part of the population lives in villages, in recent years these areas have witnessed many physical changes. Therefore, it calls for a more scientific and accurate knowledge of rural management and the level of physical development of rural settlements. The purpose of current research is to study the role of rural management in the physical development of rural settlements around the city of Aliabad Katoul in the horizon of 2031. In this regard, for research, the question can be raised that what are the most important key drivers of physical development, resulting from the activities of rural managers in the study area?

This research is an applied and descriptive-analytical study based on the purpose and the nature. Data were collected through documents (library resources, scientific journals) and a survey (questionnaire). The questionnaire was prepared in the form of MICMAC questionnaire and distributed and completed among rural experts in the region in order to capture the impact of rural management on the physical changes of rural settlements in Aliabad katoul County in the horizon of 2031. The statistical population of the study is the villages with grades 5 and 6 rural municipalities around the city of Aliabad katoul. 35 questionnaires were considered for experts in the field of rural areas. Micmac software was used for data analysis and structural analysis of the impact of each of the effective indicators on the formation of physical changes in rural settlements.

Because of the high score of direct and indirect influencing factors, the study categorized five factors in the three main groups of key drivers affecting the future of physical development of rural settlements based on the activities of rural managers in Aliabade Katoul. These factors are land acquisition and using the empty lands within the physical texture to develop and expand the texture of the village (direct impact (4+) indirect impact (1609+)), efforts to establish production units and livestock and garden units (direct impact (4+) indirect impact (1608)), promote the use of local materials in residential units and traditional architectural models (direct impact(3+) indirect impact (1224+)), efforts to improve the condition of public routes in the village (direct impact (3+), indirect impact (+832)), increase and improve educational and cultural facilities and spaces (direct impact (2+) Indirect impact (869+)).

The present paper investigated the future of the impact of rural management on the physical development of rural settlements in the horizon of 2031. The findings showed that the highest performance of local managers was in the field of spatial-physical dimension. Villages are losing their identity culturally and physically due to expansion of urban lifestyles and every day we see changes in rural settlements from their native and traditional essence. Given that, villagers as rural managers can play a significant role in the physical development of villages, and consider the authentic need and the culture of the people in different regions. The physical changes of the rural texture should take economic and social needs into account. This will lead to the expansion of production and livestock workshops and promote the use of local materials in residential units and traditional architectural patterns, and provide access to educational and cultural spaces and can lead to sustainable rural physical development.

Nowadays, managing in different villages, especially villages with ethnic, religious, linguistic and especially metropolitan border villages is a multicultural challenge due to the large number of immigrants. Cultural intelligence helps rural managers to understand different audiences, manage diverse teams, apply intercultural talents and adapt to leadership networks. In this research tried to study the effect of cultural intelligence on the performance of the duties of rural dignitaries in rural area. The research method in this descriptive-analytic study is a major part of its data collected based on field studies from the region. The statistical population of the study consisted of 24 sample villages with a population of 86856 people in the form of 23997 households. The sample size of 227 people was determined by Cochran method and selected by systematic random sampling from among the villagers. In this sample, the number of 24 dignitaries, 24 members of the Islamic Council of the provinces and 6 administrative experts were added, finally 281 questionnaires were completed. The findings of the study, based on the results of structural analysis, show that in general, cultural intelligence has a positive and direct effect on the performance of jobseekers with a coefficient of 0.776. Among the dimensions of cultural intelligence, the strategy followed by the coefficient of 0.3447 had the most positive and significant effect on the performance of the duties of the tenants, after which the dimensions of behavior, knowledge and motivation of cultural intelligence were effective on the performance of the duties of tenants.

Achieving development in rural areas has always been of interest to researchers in developing countries. The most important pillar of development can be considered the way society is governed to achieve development. The decisions that are made to achieve these goals are called policies and the process of study, planning, decision making and ultimately implementation in the rural environment is called policy making. The place where these decisions are made has certain conditions and characteristics. In this research, we seek to understand the main challenges of rural policy making and management so that this knowledge can lead to more correct decisions for the rural regions management. The most important role for the implementation of decisions in the village is the management of rural communities.It is in drawing the links between the shifts in the social mode of regulation and the form and practices of new governance that rural studies have been shown particular reluctance – especially in terms of any engagement with theory. The researchers believe that rural management should significantly reduce rural migration, eliminate the socio-economic gap between the towns and villages, promote agricultural development and develop a culture of self-belief in rural areas, and reduce rural poverty. And the term is so broad that it loses its meaning.

In this study by thematic analysis method, Policy themes and challenges for managing Iran's rural areas have been identified. The information was collected through semi-structured interviews and study of sources and documents. By coding these interviews, we proceeded to the analysis of each and to the next sample by purposeful sampling. Content analysis is actually a way of identifying, analyzing, and reporting patterns in qualitative data. It is also a process for analyzing contextual data and converts scattered and varied data into rich processed and detailed data. In order to document the discovered concepts and themes, quotes from geography and rural planning experts have been used and interviews and open question design have been conducted according to the existing theoretical literature and studies in the field of rural management, good governance, policy-making and planning. Also, the experience of researchers and previous studies has been done.

The results show that 17 out of 122 open source codes were identified, which can be divided into 6 categories of organizing themes. Finally, by identifying and discovering the basic and organizing themes and finding the relationships between the main themes and challenges, a diagram describing the characteristics and factors influencing the identification of policy themes for the management of Iranian rural areas was drawn. From this model it can be assumed that the theme in which these decisions are made must be taken into consideration. These concepts fall into six categories: Rurality, the historical process, the environment as an effective factor and form of policy, the role of culture in rural policy making and management, the role of culture in rural policy making and management, impact and goals. Economic policies and the place of participation in policymaking and management of rural communities were categorized as organizing themes of the research topic. The study also found new results that could be used in rural policy making and management. Another important issue is the effect of the economy and economic policy objectives. Another theme of the research is the role of culture in rural policy making and management, which emphasizes both the cultural context of Iranian villages (customs, customs, religion, etc.) and the need to recognize and influence its culture. Policies and decisions made for the village. Understanding the characteristics of the rural context for policymaking and understanding each one's relationship to decision-making, considering the environment as an effective factor in policymaking as well as the form of decisions and policies, the need to know the historical course of management and the management of rural areas. And past successful and unsuccessful experiences. The most important contributions of the codes have been the themes of organizing Historicity and participation in the policy-making and management of rural communities, each with 24 codes, which shows the greater emphasis of experts on these topics.

The results of the analysis indicate that in policymaking we should pay attention to the culture of the rural community, the independent social, economic and environmental identity of each village and the historical process of management in Iranian villages. Also, in order to better understand the current way of managing the villages, one should know about the historical development of rural management in Iran. He recognized the positive and negative impacts of the policies and decisions that have historically been taken for the management of rural communities and the plans and programs that have been developed to develop these areas as policy themes and challenges. The importance of the environmental context has been emphasized on rural policy-making and management, and attention to the environment has been formed as an influential factor and the basis of policy-making as well as form, and the result of policy implementation is very necessary for experts. If we want rural development and good management of rural communities, we must take into account the culture of rural society in policy making, taking into account the independent social, economic and environmental identity of each village and the environment as an influential factor in the policies and contexts. It was also seen as a form of policy making. Finally, it can be said that the current state of policymaking for the management of Iran's rural areas is irresponsible considering these basic themes. It is necessary to achieve the policy goals and the proper management of the villages to help the people themselves and to participate in all the policy making and implementation processes.

Near the Arak, the Meighan village with its own capacities can be a context for sustainable tourism based on good rural management. In this research, the village of Meighan, has been introduced in terms of geographical location, population, climate and tourist attractions. The research approach is qualitative and the research method is descriptive and analytical-survey based on documentary and field studies. To answering the research questions based on the SWOT analysis technique, 50 experts from the elite community were distributed by questionnaires. Based on the opinion of the surveyed, the SWOT analysis shows that the strengths and weaknesses in the village have become as internal factors of strategic management of 3.128 points and outsourcing opportunities and external threats of 3.486 points. Accordingly, the most important strengths of the village are: the existence of a gas supply system, the availability of natural features, and the presence of geographical attractions. The most important weaknesses are: the lack of adequate water and the disappearance of the Qanats and the decline of groundwater, the migration of people and a decrease in the population. The opportunities are: the construction of a tourist lodging, the prosperity of the tourism industry, the possibility of expanding agriculture and livestock. The threats are: the possibility of underground water drainage, water drainage and migration to the city, lack of attention to water shortage and irrigation. At the end, a table of analysis of rural management strategies based on the development of tourism in the village of Meighan is presented.

The present descriptive-analytical research is an applied one in terms of purpose. The villages located in the western and southwestern cities of Guilan province (7 cities) are the study areas, and the statistical population includes governors, districts managers, governorate experts, district experts, Housing Foundation experts, Agricultural Jihad experts, provincial rural affairs experts, village governors and Islamic council members. Results and discussion Intending to explain the local rural management with the help of documentary and field studies and using a questionnaire, this study shows that in the villages under study, there are two types of management; supervisory (village council) and executive (village governors) which are selected by people’s direct selection. In case the villages enjoy rural management, they are managed in the form of a zone management that consists of the amalgamation of two or more villages. In other words, the three factors proposed in this study can be used to measure the rural management model with a local approach. Therefore, it can be said that with field and documentary studies, executive management, supervisory management and area management along with the consideration of principles and indicators identified are the best types of management in the study area in proportion to the population. Using regression analysis, in the present study, it was found that executive management and supervisory management, zone management and redefining local indicators (independent variables) are the factors affecting rural local management (dependent variable).