جستجوی مقالات مرتبط با کلیدواژه « sanandaj » در نشریات گروه « جغرافیا »

The occurrence of earthquakes and the losses and damages caused by it have always imposed a serious threat to the city, residents and assets, so that it has made planners and city managers to provide logical and scientific solutions to make cities safer. Securing cities against earthquakes will not be achieved only by creating strong structures, and we must take steps to reduce urban vulnerability through optimizing urban land use. The purpose of this study is to determine the optimal urban areas for the development of the city with the aim of reducing the vulnerability of Sanandaj. For this purpose, KNN method has been used as a model with relatively high accuracy to evaluate the optimal land use of Sanandaj city with an emphasis on earthquake risk. The obtained model output shows that about 32% of the city area is in optimal condition and district 2 with 42.78% equivalent to 406 hectares and district 4 with 50.85% equivalent to 658 hectares provide an optimal condition for the development of the city, towards reducing urban vulnerability and increasing urban land use optimization. The general condition of the city is not suitable in terms of optimality and the neighborhoods located in districts 1 and 2 are in a very inappropriate condition due to high population and residential density, very poor permeability and low adaptation of land uses. In evaluating the model, the value of the area below the curve is 0.951, which indicates the desirable performance of the model in examining the subject.

There are many challenges ahead for municipalities due to the need for a proper definition of their role in the structure of urban management. The private sector and civil society are essential in achieving good governance, and municipalities need better cooperation. This issue has led to the failure of municipalities in terms of management. This problem prevails in most cities in the country. After more than 90 years of municipal activities (Baladieh) and the city council of Sanandaj (Sena), the city has seen many urban management problems today. One of the main factors causing enormous problems in Sanandaj is the spread of a theory and practice gap between the city administration, the private sector, and civil society. This research is based on the assumption that the main cause of management problems in Sanandaj is weakness in the city in terms of urban good governance components (index). Indeed, this study sought to determine the parameters of good governance in Sanandaj to provide a clear understanding of the status index of urban governance in Sanandaj. This study, in contrast to most previous research, considered a full list of indexes of urban good governance. On the other hand, this study sought to assess the situation of the indices for various regions to clarify the differences in the urban management of Sanandaj in different areas. In the case of weaknesses of each of these indicators in Sanandaj, this research helps provide practical solutions.

Defining the aim of the research has a significant impact on research tools and methods. Research methods depend on the research's purpose, nature, and executive facilities. According to the object and purpose of the research, descriptive-analytical methods were used. In order to gain theoretical insight and literature review, the style library was used. Specifically, it was used for books, articles, statutes, and online references. To obtain field information, questionnaire tools with questions in Likert with 5-item options were used. The questionnaires were distributed among the citizens of Sanandaj, including 19 connected zones and 4 separated urban zones. Questionnaires were distributed among citizens by utilizing the simple random distribution method. The questionnaire also included five kinds of options: too much (5), much (4), medium (3), low (2), and very low (1) scores. Additionally, statistical analysis software was used for the data analysis. The statistical population of the research includes all the inhabitants of the city of Sanandaj, which, according to statistical results, includes a total of 373,987 people in the last public census. The Cochran formula is used to determine the sample size. The sample size was 384, and the methods included their choice and stratified sampling.

To keep track of the desired goals in this study, eight indices among the good governance indexes proposed by the United Nations have been identified and evaluated. These indicators include transparency, efficiency and effectiveness, social justice, legitimacy, accountability, responsibility, responsiveness, participation, and consensus-orientedness. The T-test was used to evaluate urban management's general performance. In this test, the theoretical values of the index were compared with the mean values of each indicator, and the significance and non-significance of each test were conducted. Indeed, this test aims to compare the indices of urban good governance. The results reflect the poor performance of urban management in Sanandaj based on every eight reviewed indices in the pattern of urban good governance. However, it should also be considered that urban management performance in the eight indicators reviewed was almost at the same level. In the case of the assumption that there are differences between urban good governance indexes in different areas of Sanandaj, the test is significant at 95% confidence, and the H0 assumption is verified. This means there are significant differences between different areas of the city regarding urban good governance indices. According to the results of the Tukey test, there are many differences among the urban good governance indices in Sanandaj city. Four urban zones separated around Sanandaj had the weakest status, and during the last few years, they have been added to the city's law limit. Accordingly, the weakest conditions are related to Naysr, Nanaleh, Grizeh, and the Hassan Abad zone. These four zones, considered generally marginalized city areas, have very poor physical and spatial conditions. As a result, the people of these areas view Sanandaj urban management as the main cause of the backwardness of the area. On the other hand, these areas, with a lack of commitment to the urban rules, regulations, and arrangements, create tense conditions among citizens and municipalities. In terms of urban good governance indicators, four urban districts in Sanandaj had very favorable statuses. These areas are zone 22, zone 20, zone 18, and zone 19.

By studying the map of the Tukey test in GIS software, important results concerning the spatial analysis of urban good governance in the City of Sanandaj were found. This means that a certain space pattern dominated Sanandaj's urban management. Accordingly, each attached district surrounding the city of Sanandaj (Naysr, Nanaleh, Grizeh, and Hassan Abad Regions) has horrendous conditions. Northern areas (districts 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, and 6) of Sanandaj city, compared to other inside areas, have a bad situation. Western areas (zones 8, 9, 10, and 11) had moderate conditions of urban management of the city based on the pattern of urban good governance. The southern areas are in a very good state compared to other areas.

As cities become more physically in structure and demographically wider, the rate of crises is also increasing consequently, and cities become more vulnerable to natural disasters for a variety of reasons, including economic and cultural poverty, fault alignment and non-compliance to regulations of earthquake-related issues. What matters is the level of community's preparedness and the degree of vulnerability of the city and its residents, which can be reduced to the lowest level if properly planned and principle policies are adopted. In this research, considering the high potential of Sanandaj in terms of seismicity and the existence of many faults in the vicinity and around of the city, it is tried to gain an authentic understanding of the subject with identifying the factors affecting the earthquake and combining indicators using the Classification Tree Analysis (CTA) model. The results indicate that a large area of the city is in the category of moderate to high vulnerability.52% is in the middle vulnerability category,16.5% is in the high vulnerability category and 1% of the city is considered to be in the very high vulnerability category, which exactly matches the same marginal, old and densely populated neighborhoods. This situation does not render a proper structure and needs more consideration in prospective development plans.

Understanding bioclimatic or bioclimatic comfort in the architecture of educational centers, including schools, is of particular importance. Paying attention to the climatic characteristics and the effects that the climate has on the formation of such buildings, in terms of thermal comfort and the harmony of the building with the climatic conditions, has saved energy consumption, and from an environmental point of view, it is healthier and It's better. The purpose of this research is to investigate the compatibility of Sanandaj schools with the principles of hydrometeorology in architecture. The data used in this research include average wind, monthly precipitation, sunshine, average minimum and maximum temperature, average minimum and maximum relative humidity, monthly average temperature and humidity, average dry and wet temperature, and vapor pressure. These variables were analyzed during the statistical period of 45 years (1961-2005) from the Sanandaj synoptic meteorological station. To achieve the mentioned goal, 20 schools have been selected in different parts of Sanandaj city. The research method is descriptive-analytical and in terms of the type of research, it is applied. Data collection is using field and library research. First, thermal comfort in Sanandaj city was determined by using Mahani, Giuni, Evans, and Terjong criteria. For the climatic design of Sanandaj schools, issues such as the orientation of the school building in relation to the angle of radiation and wind, the dimensions of windows and openings, the determination of the depth and size of the canopy and the green space in the schools of Sanandaj city have been investigated.The results of the research showed that according to the two investigated thermal comfort indicators (Mahani and Tarjong), er, December, February and cold March). The night conditions are from 12 months (3 months of June,

From the beginning of human civilization, man has always been in search of happiness. Aristotle believed that "happiness is the ultimate meaning and purpose of life" (Chen & Zhang, 2018). Happiness and mental health are the most important factors of public health. Assessing the extent to which our place of residence can affect our emotions and overall qualities of life has always been one of the most important theoretical and empirical topics in the various professions of human geography, urban and regional studies, urban design and planning, and assurance. Citizens’ high quality of life in all its objective and mental dimensions is one of the most important concerns of managers and urban planners around the world (Moore et al., 2018 and Ballas, 2013).Designing and planning to improve people’s health in many scientific circles, especially since the early 90s in the 20th century, have been already discussed. However, the researchers’ main problem in this field has been addressing people’’s physical health and neglecting the issue of the impacts of urban spaces on citizens’ mental, emotional, and spiritual health conditions (Pfeiffer & Cloutier, 2016).In general, the spaces of urban neighborhoods should be in a way that they provide citizens with easy access to interactive and green and public environments ensure their healthy physical and mental lives, and make a positive feeling in them. It is clear that having positive face-to-face experiences in the neighborhood can affect the level of citizen happiness (Han et al., 2019).Given that mental health requires extensive studies to determine a specific framework of factors affecting it, this research was innovative in this regard. Also, considering that the outputs of theoretical studies are evaluated in the context of urban spaces, they can be a suitable source for implementation of practical measures and fill the gap between thought and action. Therefore, doing this research was necessary.According to the definitions provided by the World Health Organization, an individual’s happiness and mental health is affected not only by intrapersonal characteristics, but also by social and economic factors related to some other environmental components, such as safety. Existence of environments for leisure time, existence of green spaces and vegetation, vitality of the environment, etc. have all been considered as factors that are related to individuals’ levels of happiness and mental health (Hoisington et al., 2019; Wu et al., 2014;Firdaus, 2017;and Melis et al., 2015).Various studies have shown that citizens’ quality of life is directly related to their living environments. In the meantime, the public spaces of cities are of special importance as a platform that provides the ground for collective life and can strengthen or weaken citizens’ health. In general, the artificial environment is one of the most influential determinants and prerequisites for citizens’ health. In many studies, its impact on various aspects of health has been examined. Among them, citizens' mental health and happiness are the most influential dimensions that are strongly influenced by urban structures and environments (Melis et al., 2015).According to Choe (2012), "Of the main concerns of urban designers and planners in different cities, especially in the old and worn-out contexts of cities, are reduction of citizens’ quality of life and their loss of vitality, as well as reduction of the physical quality of the environment." "It is a concept that seems almost difficult to define. This concept is mainly definedbylife satisfaction, mental comfort, and enjoyment for well-being and security (Choe, 2012).Urban neighborhoods and streets have a special role in attracting people to the public space of cities and are very important for the city vitality and its inhabitants. This is while the growing trend of using vehicles has reduced the social role of cities and this issue has led to less human interactions in cities and paying more attention to cars and the need for motor vehicles (Horijani, 1397).Therefore, in the profession of urban design and planning, creating a context to provide spaces that can improve the residents’ positive feelings and emotions and reduce their negative emotions is necessary and undeniable. Accordingly, the effort to create a happy atmosphere for citizens in the society that can provide them with a peace of mind. This should be considered as one of the main tasks of social institutions, such as municipalities, city councils, and urban management systems in general. Due to the importance of the issue and lack of a comprehensive and useful research on it in Sanandaj, this study was done to make a comparison between two different neighborhoods with worn and new structures and different social contexts in Sanandaj City.

The present study was based on a descriptive-analytical method in terms of purpose and data collection was done in the two ways of library and field studies. To achieve the research objective, which was investigation of environmental qualities affecting the citizens’ happiness in Sanandaj City, the necessary framework was identified and extracted by reviewing the existing sources and documents and then a questionnaire was used to collect the background data.To answer the research questions, Kolmogorov-Smirnov tests, one-way analysis of variance, and regression analysis were utilized, as well as SmartPLS software. To test normality of the research variables Kolmogorov-Smirnov test was applied. The results related to the citizens’ different levels of vitality, mental health, and happiness and also differences in urban design qualities in both neighborhoods were used via one-way variance to evaluate the effectiveness of qualities. Urban design was used on the level of the citizens’ mental health.Also, using regression analysis, different levels of each of the urban design qualities in the mentioned neighborhoods were studied through statistical calculations. Finally, SmartPLS software was employed to develop structural equation modeling and provide suggestions.Considering the importance of looking at cities for citizens' happiness and joy, the main purpose of this study was to explain the framework of urban design qualities that affected the citizens’ mental health and happiness.

From the structural equation model of the research, it could be stated that the research hypotheses were confirmed with 95% confidence and the quality components of urban design had a positive and significant effect on the citizens’ mental health. Also, based on beta coefficients, it was clear that the components of perceptual and transportation qualities had the most and least impacts on the citizens’ mental health and happiness, respectively.In general, evaluations of the components of functional quality, transportation quality, ecosystem quality, perceptual quality, visual quality, social environment quality, and total time quality (coefficient of determination: 97%) related to health changes determined the citizens’ mental health and the rest of changes in the citizens’ mental health were related to other factors that were outside the scope of this study. Table 13: Structural equation results (source: authors) mental health Ecosystem Quality 0.31 3.84 Confirmation Positive mental health Perceptional Quality 0.77 7.37 Confirmation Positive mental health   Visual Quality 0.53 6.78  Confirmation Positive mental health Social Environment Quality 0.50 6.13 Confirmation Positive mental health = Time Quality 0.41 4.15 Confirmation Positive mental health  Urban Design Quality 0.94 240.52 Confirmation Positive |t|>1.96 significant at P<0.05, |t|>2.58 significant at P<0.01

The results of the statistical analyses showed that based on what was asked in the first question, the residents of the two different neighborhoods of Sanandaj located in the two different types of traditional and developed contexts enjoyed life on different levels of satisfaction , mental health, vitality, and happiness, which could be attributed to the differences in the levels of some environmental qualities, such as environmental sensory richness, attractive visual qualities, and existence of different spaces for them to stop and spend time. Leisure time could create a ground for improving the residents’ social interactions in the two neighborhoods.The results obtained in this study are consistent with the results of the studies of Zuniga-Teran et al. (2017), Pfeiffer et al. (2016), Cao (2016), Taheri and Taheri (1398), and Abrun et al. (1397).Regarding the impacts of environmental qualities on the citizens’ levels of mental health, the studied qualities, i.e., functional quality, quality of transportation, quality of ecosystem, perceptual quality, visual quality, quality of social environment, and quality of time, could be mentioned as the factors affecting their health.In addition, it could be stated that the existence of such qualities could be the definitive environmental predictors that ensured part of the citizens’ mental health that was affected by the environment and urban design qualities. These results are consistent with the results obtained by Han et al. (Impacts of Access to Parks and Green Spaces on Mental Health) (Han & Kim, 2019), Wales (Impacts of Sense of Safety and Security on Mental health and Well-being) (Wills, 2014), Zhang et al. (The Effects of Different Environmental Qualities on Mental Health and Happiness) (Chen et al., 2018), Griff et al. (The Effects of the Physical and Social Structures of the Environment on the Health and Mental Stress of Citizens) (Greif & Dodoo, 2015), Taheri et al. (The Effect of Physical Environment on Citizens' Satisfaction with the Environment and Their Happiness) (Taheri and Taheri, 2009), and Abron et al., 1397), thus confirming their results and completing their studies.The research results emphasized the importance of urban design in the citizens’ mental health. Therefore, it is necessary to increase the citizens’ happiness based on the research approach, besides including the related courses of urban design for obtaining the master's degree at the university, the criteria of a happy city based on the results of the present research and other similar researches, as well as the related experiences gained by the relevant organizations in Iran so as to take valuable steps for achieving the goal of Masharaliyeh in the medium and long term.

The aim of this study was to evaluate the accuracy of MODIS satellite data in monitoring aerosol (PM10 particles) to compare with ground pollution station data It was done in Sanandaj. In this case, the performance of satellite data in measuring dust particles at Sanandaj ground station is identified. At first, the aerosol optical depth data provided by MODIS sensor was prepared based on the corresponding of the PM10 measured by pollution monitoring station located in Sanandaj.Then, the correlation coefficient between two series of data was calculated. In order to obtain the accurate prediction of PM10 the ARIMA and artificial neural network were used.The AOD of MODIS sensor was combined using maximum likelihood and root mean square error for input of prediction models. At last, a single comparison method for each model as well as models comparison was evaluated to identify the accurate model in predicting of PM10. In the ANN model R2 was acquired in training phase as 0.52, and testing phase as 0.53 with RMSE=1.62 and MAE=2.62. The analysis showed that the ARIMA model 1-0-3 with R2=0.46, MAE=0.06 and RMSE=0.69 is the only acceptable model.It states that ARIMA model, is a suitable model for prediction of PM10. However, the ANN model was more accurately estimated for the correlation between the data.The results of presented study showed that there is direct relationship between the MODIS sensor AOD data and ground station PM10 data.The results conclude that this algorithm is capable for detecting of dust and can be good alternative to the PM10 provided by the ground stations measurement.

The discussion of urban management in the past few decades has been pathologized from various political, social, infrastructural, etc. dimensions and integrated management has always been raised as a response to current problems, but the role of reference location information and its infrastructure in this cycle has not been considered. Therefore, systems based on spatial data infrastructure such as Web-based GIS, by integrating and classifying all urban information, allow users to access it at any time and place to plan and make a quick, accurate and coordinated decision of the urban management complex with maximum citizen participation. . Therefore, the main purpose of this study is to identify the weaknesses of information mechanisms of Sanandaj urban management complex and provide executive solutions to address them using Web-based GIS capabilities. This research is of applied type and the research method in this study is of descriptive-analytical type, the statistics and information of which have been obtained through field methods (interviews) and libraries. The statistical population of the study was Sanandaj urban management personnel and its statistical samples were selected from experts and managers in the field of spatial information (25 people) and the coding method (open, axial, selective) was used to analyze the interviews. All devices and information conflict between sectoral, extra-sectoral and organizational between them, lack of information transparency at different levels and an island approach to information and poor governance due to lack of proper infrastructure to classify them.

In recent years, along with the increase in population of urban areas, urban hazards have also increased. One of the cities that has a high potential for the occurrence of hazards is the city of Sanandaj. Therefore, in this study, the vulnerable areas of Sanandaj against the risk of sloping movements, floods, earthquakes, pollution and traffic have been studied. According to the objectives, in this study, two integrated models of fuzzy logic and hierarchical analysis (AHP) have been used and vulnerable areas have been identified against each of the mentioned hazards. The results obtained from the study indicate that many parts of the west of Sanandaj city and also the northern areas of Sanandaj city are prone to slope movements due to the high slope and height. Also, due to the presence of Gheshlagh river in the eastern half of Sanandaj city and also the existence of low slopes in the inner areas of Sanandaj city, many parts of this city have a great potential to cause floods and flooding. Assessing the potential for earthquake vulnerability indicates that the western and central parts of Sanandaj have a high potential for vulnerability due to proximity to fault lines, high slope, lack of access to open space and high population density. In terms of pollution and traffic, the central parts of Sanandaj city has a high potential for pollution and traffic due to high population density and the existence of various uses, including transportation. According to the mentioned cases, the western and northern parts of Sanandaj are prone to large-scale movements and also have a high potential for earthquake vulnerability. The eastern parts of Sanandaj have a high potential for floods. The southern parts of Sanandaj are prone to floods and have a high potential for earthquakes.

Socio-cultural spaces in line with historical spaces of cities have great impact on creating an urban brand with the aim of achieving the development of creative social spaces having various functions. The aim would be recreating the economy based on the historical texture of cities as a spiritual and urban heritage. The historical part of Sanandaj with its abundant historical and cultural elements and having social activities, markets, identity spaces, and valuable monuments, acts as the heart of this city. The study aimed to analysis branding spaces prone to urban creative development with the aim of economic regeneration of the city. The applied research used a descriptive-analytical method. The sample consisted of 225 people, selected randomly using Cochran's formula. The study is based on a combination of AHP and multivariable regression analysis using SPSS. Two concepts of "urban creativity and urban branding", which have been studied as hypothetical concepts in two alternative situations and 27 indicators based on the score and relative importance. According to the results, it was determined that the indicators of historical places, cultural heritage, customs and traditions, and art-friendliness have the highest importance and impact on the branding and development of creative social spaces for recreating economy based on the historical texture of Sanandaj.

The present study is applied in terms of purpose and in terms of the nature and method of research is a survey that is a researcher-made questionnaire and almost standardized in Iranian society has been used. The statistical population of this study is the inhabitants of the four tissues of Sanandaj, which has been calculated using the Cochran's formula to 321 people. In order to compare the studied areas in the three levels of house, neighborhood and city, post-experimental tests using Tukey test were used. Structural equation modeling has been used to evaluate the effect of physical, social and individual factors on attachment to place in three scales of home, neighborhood and city, as well as attachment to place in three dimensions: cognitive, emotional and behavioral. The results of the questionnaire analysis show that among the variables of psychological dimension, emotional, cognitive and behavioral elements include attachment and physical and social factors and independent variables of individual characteristics have a significant relationship with the dependent variable of place attachment. Examining the results and comparing the attachment factors between the four areas shows that Naysar neighborhood with the lowest level of attachment to the neighborhood, among the dimensions of attachment, emotional dimension and among the attachment factors, the physical factor has a more effective role on neighborhood attachment.

Despite various studies on the role of government in urban development, few studies have examined the dimensions of government intervention in suburban areas. In fact, the question has not yet been answered as to what was the mechanism of government intervention in the process of urban development that provided the grounds for the activation of other mercenary forces and left the following adverse consequences? Therefore, the purpose of this study is to explain the role of government in the development of the suburban area from the perspective of the pathology of maps and its tasks, which has been followed by a case study of Sanandaj.

Using a Mixed method, research data were collected in three main areas, including "survey data based on interviews with 15 experts", "documentary data extracted from documents of Sanandaj suburban area" and "field data from settlements of Sanandaj suburban area". The research period is the forty-year period of 1976-2014.

The results obtained from the analysis of the development trend of Pirashahri area showed that the city of Sanandaj has always moved towards you in a scattered manner that this type of development has often occurred in Pirashahr lands.  The main categories are: inefficiency or incorrect implementation of laws related to the boundaries of the city and area, inefficiency of comprehensive and detailed plans in controlling the boundaries of the city, disregard for land management principles in locating land uses, incorrect policies and actions in the land and housing sector, lack Dealing with marginalization for political, social and legal reasons.

The complexity and interaction of factors affecting the development of suburban spaces, puts the government in a new position of responsibility that necessitates the redefinition of its roles and tasks in relation to the management system and policy development of urban development.

One of the necessities for the development of the border provinces of the country is the existence of appropriate infrastructure and bases for the development of these areas. Medical tourism is one of the ways to develop these areas, which is the basis for the development of this type of tourism due to the fact that Iraq borders the province of Kurdistan. This research is descriptive-analytical and is applied-developmental in terms of purpose. The statistical population of this study consists of Iraqi medical tourists who had referred to Sanandaj for treatment and treatment for 4 months in the period from September 22, 2020 to January 19, 2021. The sampling method of this study is non-random. The sample size was selected based on data saturation, based on data saturation, due to the lack of exact number of statistical population in these 4 months and the inability to measure it by Cochran's formula. The main tool for collecting research data is a questionnaire and these questionnaires were distributed in three hospitals: Kowsar, Besat and Tohid. SPSS software and correlation and regression tests were used to test the research hypotheses. The results indicate that all components of destination infrastructure (knowledge, security, ease of access and fair pricing) have a significant relationship with the image of medical destination and the variance of destination infrastructure (knowledge, security, ease of access and fair price) is 82%. Explains the medical destination image from the variance.

 Studies by the World Bank and the United Nations emphasize the importance of capacity building and institutional capacity, development based on competitiveness requires the existence of efficient institutions, And argue that urban levels lacking efficient and appropriate institutions demonstrate low competitiveness to achieve a reasonable level of development, And in the absence of appropriate institutions, even the most appropriate and reasonable policies of competitiveness would not yield desirable results. Today, in the context of institutional capacity and institutional approach to development in the general notion and urban competitiveness in a particular sense, significant importance has been valued to the institutional capacities existing at these levels. Focusing on capacity building and institutional capacity discussions within an institutional approach can play an important role in cities, especially the central cities of the country, By enhancing their competitiveness, they will eliminate many existing and future issues in metropolises and major cities of the country. And by redistributing pressure on the metropolitan system of the country, it will reduce urban issues. The present study aims to explain the role of institutional capacity in the competitiveness of the central cities of Zanjan and Sanandaj in order to determine in the first stage the status of both Zanjan and Sanandaj in terms of institutional capacity in urban competitiveness, and Then to evaluate the effect of institutional capacity on urban competitiveness in the studied cities using the structural equation models Therefore, the purpose of the study raised the following questions: • What is the level of institutional capacity in the competitiveness of the central cities of Zanjan and Sanandaj? • Which of the components of institutional capacity has the most impact on the competitiveness of the central cities of Zanjan and Sanandaj? • How effective is institutional capacity in the competitiveness of the central cities of Zanjan and Sanandaj? Method The present research is based on the objective, applied and in terms of method and nature, an analytical descriptive. The data collection method was based on a survey method (questionnaire). Validity and fit of the questionnaire were done using a confirmatory factor analysis in lisrel software. The statistical population of the study consisted of two groups of authorities and people (referring to municipal offices) in Zanjan and Sanandaj. Using the Cochran formula, the population size of the sample is 760 people (380 questionnaires for each city). Also, the statistical community for the group is 260 people, each with 130 people. Sampling method of the citizens group, random sampling and the authorities was non-random and purposeful. Data analysis was performed in SPSS and Lisrel softwares. In the first stage, to clarify the status of institutional capacity indicators in urban competitiveness, the data was analyzed and the status of each indicator of institutional capacity in different cities of Sanandaj and Zanjan and for both the specified respondents and authorities were determined. In the next step, the most important factor influencing institutional capacity in urban competitiveness was defined. Finally, to investigate the effect of institutional capacity on urban competitiveness, it has been evaluated by the triple and quadruple components of urban competitiveness. Discussion In the research findings, descriptive findings were first analyzed and factors such as age, gender, education, employment rate and residence were investigated. In the next step, in order to investigate the current status of cities in Zanjan and Sanandaj in terms of institutional capacity, the average was used which indicate mentioned cities were not in desirable condition. It is important to determine which institutional capacity factors could play a very important role in urban competitiveness. and accordingly. it was determined that institutional capacity is the most important factor in this case. To investigate and answer to the third question, the impact of institutional capacity on urban competitiveness was measured in a structural equation model, and the model showed a very favorable fit, so that its significant confirmation of effect was appropriate. Result The results show that the status of institutional capacity in urban competitiveness in both Sanandaj and Zanjan does not show acceptable status; the Zanjan city with a value of 2.87 and Sanandaj with a numerical value of 2.91 are considered to be lower than the average in terms of institutional capacity in the general level. In both cities, the index of "human capital" has the highest numerical value, and subsequently, the intra-institutional relationships (Zanjan) and the collective capacity of institutions (Sanandaj) have the lowest possible mean. In relation to the population questionnaire, the total institutional capacity for Zanjan city was 3.02 and for Sanandaj 2.82, and it has not been evaluated at acceptable level. The results of structural equation model showed that institutional capacity indices in each group have a significant but different relationship; As the relationship has a negative impact level and in some other factors, it tends to be negative in the remaining cases, indicating a lack of positive impact on institutional capacity indicators. The results of measuring the impact of institutional capacity components on urban competitiveness showed that in Zanjan only the component of institutional capability (3.02) and in Sanandaj, the institutional capacity components (3.08) and appropriate legal arrangements (3.02) have been above average. Assessing the impact of institutional capacity on the competitiveness of the central cities of Zanjan and Sanandaj in the structural equation model, in addition to the significance of the relationship between institutional capacity and urban competitiveness, The impact of the variable institutional capacity on urban competitiveness is accepted at a high level with a numerical value of 11.98 and reflects the "very high institutional capacity on urban competitiveness Following the conclusion of the high impact of institutional capacity on urban competitiveness, World Bank Studies, the Asian Development Bank and the UN Program also emphasize the existence of efficient, capable and diverse institutions, especially executive agencies, to advance the competitiveness of cities and development.

Due to Lifestyle Changes in the last Century, Traditional Houses are Catastrophically Destroyed. Given that Most of the Historic Buildings are Traditional Houses, It is Important to Consider the Importance of this Type of Building. Therefore, the Issue of Recognizing Traditional Houses and Classifying the Patterns Used in them Can be Important for Recognizing and Classifying Similar Buildings. The Purpose of this Study is not to Encourage the Return of the Past and to Imitate Traditional Architecture; Rather, It is the Preservation of this Precious Historical Treasure and How to Get Rid of the Precious Concepts of these Houses. Because the Largest Number of Historical Houses in Kermanshah and Sanandaj are Qajar and Pahlavi. In this Article, a Comparative Study of Qajar and Pahlavi Period Houses has been Studied. The Research Method Used is a Combination. The Present Study Seeks to Answer the Question of Whether the Findings of the Study of Traditional House Architecture Can Lead to a Model for Today's Design. Finally, the Study Found that Paying Attention to the Constituent Elements of Traditional Homes will be Able to Respond to the Pattern of Modern Design Due to their Flexibility with Today's Demands.

The issue of cohesion and integration of urban space in relation to the ossification or main structure of the city will be the lever of development of the city and the potential for growth, connection, identity and integrity of the whole city. According to its features, it causes spatial multiplicity and diversity and visual, spatial, and physical continuity, which plays a very effective role in the creation of new spaces.

The purpose of this study is to analyze the principle of establishment in the ossification structure of the city and its effect on the formation of the multiplicity and diversity of urban spaces, in order to discover the factors affecting the formation of this structure and determination of the efficiency of urban spaces.

The current study is a quantitative descriptive-analytical study. This study uses combined method of AHP analytical model and multi-variable regression analysis by using one sample statistical T-Tests using syntax space software in order to determine and classify the factors of the study.Geographical area of the research: The study area is the central part of the city with the focus on Enghelab Street in Sanandaj, which includes the historical bazaar of the street and Enghelab crossroads to the square of Nabovvat.

The findings are presented graphically in two forms of interconnected and statistical maps (calculation of spatial parameters) for each period. Analyses show that the average amount of interconnection in Sanandaj, in which the general pattern of interconnection, is very similar to other historical cities in Iran. Accordingly, the market element, which is identified with the darkest lines, has the highest interconnection average and in this regard is the most interconnected structural element of the city and plays the most important role in the structure of the city as a whole.

The design and spatial organization of the axis of Enghelab Street in the center of the city has been based on six criteria of "hierarchy, establishment, balance, dispersion, concentration, and spatial cohesion". The principle of establishment and multiplicity (diversity) has been realized through spatial and physical balance. The concept of "interconnectedness" as the factors affecting "connection, control, depth, interconnectedness" has been evaluated as higher than the theoretical average, which indicates that the criteria of "concentration", "establishment" and "spatial coherence" have the highest rank and importance.

In Iran, along with the growth of urbanization, the spread of poor neighborhoods, especially informal settlements, has been the phenomena of the contemporary city. One of the reasons for marginalization is cultural and ethnic exclusion. Socio-economic exclusion is a multidimensional phenomenon, and it goes beyond material dimensions and economic deficiencies, which implies a wide range of social, cultural and political deprivations. In this regard, gender is one of the most important issues that causes stratification in all societies. Given that half of the population of each society are women, this study aims to study the spatial differences in the socio-economic exclusion of marginalized cultural and ethnic groups in Sanandaj with an emphasis on gender. The method of collecting information, library, documentary and questionnaire. Sampling was done purposefully and out of a population of 260,000 marginalized people in Sanandaj, 400 people were selected using the Cochran formula. SPSS analysis of data was performed using SPSS software. Through the multivariate regression test in both aspects of access to resources and Exclusion / social integration, economic factors with numerical value of "0/498 and 0/568" had the most effect on the socioeconomic provision of individuals. It was also determined through an independent independent t test that, in terms of access to resources, economic factors and poor social services, numerical values ​​were "43/166 and 41/647", respectively, and in terms of crises / social integration, economic factors and social flagging, Respectively, with numerical values ​​of "49/706 and 47/123" had the most impact on the social and economic exclusion of women.