جستجوی مقالات مرتبط با کلیدواژه « water crisis » در نشریات گروه « جغرافیا »

The sudden decrease in water levels in Urmia Lake has elevated the environmental risk to both nearby and distant communities. For the people living in this region, particularly the villagers, the crisis has brought about a number of negative effects, including economic, social, environmental, and production-related. The current study was carried out with the purpose of evaluating the economic and productive effects of this problem from the viewpoint of the rural residents in the eastern part of the lake. The eastern of the lake's including 87,049 rural households that made up the statistical population of this study from which 230 households were chosen and analyzed using a stratified sampling method. The formula proposed by Cochran was used to determine the sample size. A questionnaire and face-to-face interviews were the data collection tool and method. By employing the opinions of experts and determining Cronbach's alpha coefficient the validity and reliability of the research instrument were assessed. The data analysis was done using SPSS statistical software. According to the findings, among the most significant effects that the villagers agreed upon were the decrease in the area used to cultivate agricultural products, the reduction of water resources and the rise in costs associated with the supply of agricultural water, and the decline in the quality of surface and ground water. According to the results of the exploratory factor analysis, the various economic-production effects of the water reduction of this lake can be summarized under four groups including "quantitative and qualitative reduction of agricultural production and income", "decrease in the quantity and quality of water resources", "increase in costs and threat to job security and income", and "reduction of non-agricultural activities". Around 69% of the variance in the results' overall variance was explained by these four variables. Among the recommendations made by this study to lessen the effects of water depletion in this lake are encouraging the production and introduction of agricultural and horticultural crops suitable for the eastern area of Urmia Lake, developing new irrigation systems, and altering the pattern of irrigated agricultural crops.

The situation of decrease in rainfall, drought and climate changes in general in recent decades have become increasing problems for our country. These issues are much deeper and more tangible for the dry areas of the country, especially if the way of living is directly affected by the state of rainfall. The present study, seeks to understand the meaning of the water crisis and drought among the livestock farmers of Musa Abad district of Torbat Jam.

Based on the G.T method of Straus and Corbin, data collected from 22 participants using in-depth interview. The criterion for the number of samples was to reach theoretical saturation.

Using open coding stage, 59 primary concepts were extracted, and through converting them into abstract concepts, 22 main categories were obtained. Applying the selective coding stage, a core category - traditional cattle breeding in the dilemma of dual paradoxes - was extracted.

This research showed that from the point of view of cattle breeders, drought and water crisis have a direct relationship with dualities that have manifested themselves in the form of uncertainty leading to the gradual destruction of traditional animal husbandry. It seems that the government, is the culprit and the main actor of the consequences of drought and water crisis for traditional herders due to the dual policies it has taken in relation to rural areas and their way of life.

Innovation: 

Using the qualitative method of grounded theory, this research has for the first time addressed the lived experience and problems caused by drought for livestock farmers in Musa Abad region. Inspired by Elinor Ostrom's theory, it was suggested that the government, should explain its assignment by rethinking the dual policy approach. Whithout considering the noted comments we will observe the acceleration of rural migration during next years.

Nowadays, general agricultural policies are moving towards sustainable agriculture, and this is despite the fact that countries suffer from a big problem called drought and climate change, especially in the field of this important economic sector. Accordingly, the correct understanding of the comprehensive conditions for growing an agricultural product is one of the significant principles of sustainable agriculture, and in this regard, general policies should be changed from cultivating water-intensive crops to less water-consuming ones. Therefore, according to the current programs, one of the policies considered for the region studied in this research, Lanjan County, located in the southwest of Isfahan province, was the change of cultivation from rice to beans, this research aimed at studying the feasibility of changing from rice to beans. The statistical population of the research included experts from the Agricultural Jihad Organization, experts from the farmers' trade union system (N=50) and rice farmers of Lanjan County (N=270). The sample size was determined by applying Cochran's formula based on which 40 experts and 130 farmers were selected randomly for the study. Data were collected by a questionnaire and were analyzed using SPSS software. The results of the single-sample t-test showed that from the farmers' point of view, the average of production factors (3.33), management (3.35) and attitude (3.44) and from the experts' point of view, the average of most factors including relative advantage (3.37), timing (3.56), production (3.60), attitude (3.74), management (3.46) and background (3.44), obtained significantly higher than the average (3) and therefore higher than optimal. In this regard, the conditions for changing cultivation from rice to beans were evaluated as favorable. Therefore, based on the findings of the research, from the respondents' point of view, it is possible to change cultivation from rice to beans. Finally, some suggestions such as the guaranteed purchase of bean products by the government to provide the market and reduce the price fluctuation of bean products were presented.

The main purpose of this study was to compile scenarios for the water crisis in Taibad city. A descriptive-analytical method was used for this study. Seventy-one indicators formulated in the form of 3 main components (management, economic-technical, and geographical-natural components) using library studies and interviews with experts. MICMAC and Scenario Wizard were used for data analysis. The results showed that the key drivers that impact on the water crisis in Taibad city are excessive consumption of water resources in the agricultural sector, inefficient management of water resources, attempts at inappropriate development (measures aimed at unsustainable development), excessive withdrawal from underground aquifers, lack of attention to the water crisis in development plans, and climate change. In line with the key drivers and possible situations, the output of the scenario wizard software in the form of five strong and probable scenarios showed that out of the 18 situations governing the scenario page, the situations that describe the water crisis scenarios in Taibad city as critical are the most possible situations, taking 38.88% of the situations governing the scenario page. Using the results of the research, three groups of scenarios were formulated: The most likely scenario (critical scenario), the scenario with slow changes (continuation of the current trend), and the weakest scenario (ideal scenario). Therefore, the situation facing the water crisis in Taibad city is critical. Forecasting the future of developments related to the water crisis from the point of view of futures research requires addressing governmental management and economic policies and national-local agents in the optimal management of water resources and controlling the repercussions of the crisis.

Water is one of the main elements of life and the basis of a wide range of socio-economic activities, and its lack causes serious problems in life. Population growth and the development of industrial and agricultural activities have increased the demand for water resources and turned water supply into one of the main challenges in arid and semi-arid regions. According to climatic classifications, large parts of Isfahan province have dry and semi-dry weather and the average annual rainfall is about 163 millimeters. However, this province has been faced with the increase in economic activities and population growth for the last 6 decades, which over time has led to a chronic lack of water, and since the last two decades, with the worsening of the water shortage situation, some signs of water crisis have appeared. Some of them are: the complete interruption of the flow of the Zayandehroud river in a large part of its riverbed, the complete drying of the Gavkhuni wetland in the downstream, the occurrence of subsidence in a large number of plains of the province, the unemployment of farmers in the downstream of the river, and persistent political and social protests. Therefore, identifying the factors affecting the occurrence of water crisis in the province is one of the most important steps in facing this phenomenon, and the current research seeks to identify the factors that cause this situation and rank these factors.

The present research method is descriptive-analytical, and in order to identify the factors affecting the water crisis in Isfahan province, the data was collected through the literature review. The collected affecting factors categorized into 7 main factors and 27 sub-factors. Then, they organized in the form of a questionnaire, and after that by referring to 15 experts and specialists; the initially identified factors were modified and ranked through the Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) technique using the Expert Choice software. In this stage, the factors that based on the answers of the experts their average score was less than 3 were eliminated, and thus the final factors were reduced to 5 main factors and 16 sub-factors.

Due to its centrality in the country and due to political considerations and despite severe climatic limitations, since the last 6 decades, Isfahan province has faced the establishment of large industrial factories and the development of agriculture, followed by the increase in population and the growth of urbanization and immigration. This situation and the sharp increase in water consumption have caused the province to face a severe shortage and even signs of a water crisis. The findings of the research show that the five political, human, agricultural, industrial and climatic factors have the greatest influence on the occurrence of water shortage and crisis in the province with weights of 0.325, 0.271, 0.189, 0.124 and 0.091 respectively. Among the five identified main factors affecting the water crisis in Isfahan province, the political factor has played the biggest role. It can be said that the current state of the water crisis in the province is the result of the decisions of the political managers in the past 6 decades, which has intensified over time. Since the last two decades, some obvious signs of the water crisis have appeared in the region. The complete interruption of the flow of the Zayandehrud river in large part of its riverbed and the drying up of the Gavkhuni wetland are the most notable cases. Also the land subsidence in large number of plains even in Isfahan city, which caused damage to houses, public places and historical and touristic buildings. The unemployment rate increased among the farmers in the downstream due to the lack of sufficient water for farming leads persistent socio-political protests.  

The continuous development of industries, cities, agriculture, and the population of the province has increased the demand for water consumption and destroyed the ecological balance, and threatened the water resources. With the continuation of the increase in the establishment of industries, immigration, development of agriculture and services in Isfahan province, the situation of water shortage is intensifying over the time. It seems that in order to improve the situation, it is necessary for the policy makers to reconsider the fact that Isfahan province is an industrial hub and has the first rank in many cases of agricultural and industrial production. They should decide for the gradual transfer of high water-consuming industries and the control of immigration and revision in development plans and changing the cultivation pattern of agricultural crops towards low water-consuming crops, which are appropriate to the province's climate.

The purpose of this research is to identify the key variables and driving forces affecting the future of the water issue in the city of Isfahan and to compile the scenarios facing the city of Isfahan in the water issue. The current research method as an applied research and using the critical uncertainties approach has presented the future scenarios of water in Isfahan. To collect data, the method of library studies and expert panels has been used. Using the opinion of experts, 20 key factors in the form of five drivers, i.e. 1. The price of water, 2. Investing in new technologies, 3. Water policies, 4. urban population and 5. Water infrastructures were categorized. In the next stage, the two drivers of water policies and investment in new technologies as critical uncertainties were the basis for compiling the scenarios of Isfahan City in the field of water, and finally, four scenarios were compiled. The first scenario of the battle for the last sip narrates the situation in which Isfahan will face a severe drought; The second scenario, there is water but little, shows a situation where water policies are forward-looking and do not ignore long-term challenges, but technology is left out as a solution to solve problems in this area; The third scenario is water, but for the rich, it is a bipolar story about access to water; And the fourth scenario of green Isfahan describes a situation that city managers and officials, taking into account the potential of new technologies in the optimal management of water consumption and by adopting forward-looking policies, realize a green city that is favourable to different sections of the society. The results show that drivers and scenarios show that the most important factors determining the future water situation in Isfahan City are not environmental factors, but factors related to human decisions

Today, the water crisis has become one of the most fundamental problems for third world countries. The process of reducing the amount of fresh water resources in these countries has made them and the whole world seriously concerned about the fact that the world may move towards water-based wars. Despite the consequences and effects of the water crisis in the environment and even the social space (such as the local and regional conflicts in some provinces of Iran), still, the necessary attention, sensitivity and concern among the general public and even experts and policymakers has not emerged as it should. The expansion of the water crisis in Chaharmahal and Bakhtiari has the potential to become an almost widespread ethnic and local conflict with its neighboring regions. The water crisis can increase the gaps at the ethnic-local and regional level and threaten the stability and security of the ruling political system. In the meantime, the occurrence of social unrest caused by unemployment, local-regional conflicts over water distribution and obtaining a greater share of water, lack of drinking water and related concerns should not be overlooked. Each of the above cases has the possibility of leading to an independent crisis or to a base for the emergence of security crises. This study aims to analyze scenarios of security consequences of water crisis in Chaharmahal and Bakhtiari province it is based on the systematic investigation of factors influencing the water crisis in particular, it has identified the effective security challenges, alternative and possible scenarios and futures and further, according to the existing situation, based on the influencing factors and the current gap with the optimal to critical state, provide management strategies and necessary measures to achieve the most desirable and compatible scenarios.

The current research is "applied-theoretical" in terms of purpose and based on the nature and method; It is "descriptive-analytical". In this research, based on the nature of the work, quantitative and qualitative methods were used to analyze information and extract indicators. To structural analysis and identify the effective security drivers of the water crisis from the method of cross impact analysis (MicMac software) and for scenario writing the cross-impact balance analysis method (ScenarioWizard software) was used. The statistical population of the current research was academic experts, experts and institutional-organizational managers who have enough knowledge and experience in the topic of water crisis management and the study area. These experts were selected and questioned based on the method of "purposive sampling (expert samples) and chain-referral. In this regard, based on the possibility of willingness to respond to experts and the complexity of the methods, steps and conditions of implementing the Delphi technique, in total of (32) academic experts, managers and institutional-organizational experts were chosen as sample people.

Structural analysis method was used to identify the effective drivers of water crisis security in Chaharmahal and Bakhtiari province. In this regard, the findings of the method of structural analysis of the factors and challenges affecting the water crisis and its consequences in Chaharmahal and Bakhtiari province showed (13) the drivers of "water governance, inter-basin water transfer projects, local and regional tensions and conflicts, political discrimination, political authority of the government, migration, poverty and deprivation, social capital, unemployment, psychological security, social trust, social cohesion, participation of local institutions, public participation" based on the priority of effectiveness. The most important drivers of security are the water crisis. After identifying the security drivers of the water crisis, to analyze and select the scenarios of the security drivers of the water crisis, the mutual effects cross-impact balance analysis method was used using Scenario Wizard software which is one of the best methods that allows the detection of believable scenarios. According to the size of the matrix and its dimensions (39 x 39), with the help of the scenario wizard software and based on the questionnaire data, the number of (1594323) combined scenarios that include all possible situations were analyzed, the output of this analysis was the extraction of "446 possible scenarios" and "13 believable scenarios", including: "9 scenarios with high compatibility" and "4 strong scenarios". among the thirteen believable scenarios, the largest number of believable scenarios (8 scenarios) are in the yellow (static) spectrum. Also, the results showed that there are four strong scenarios with internal consistency (one scenario with favorable situations and 3 scenarios with critical situations) in front of the security challenges of the water crisis in Chaharmahal and Bakhtiari province. From the total of four strong scenarios in the security challenges of water crisis management, the first scenario represents favorable situations, and the tenth, twelfth and thirteenth scenarios represent critical situations in the upcoming conditions of each of the security drivers of the water crisis. Therefore, with the continuation of the current trend and the lack of effective strategies, not only will there not be a better situation in the management of the water crisis, but the expansion of the existing gap will lead to the emergence of the worst possible scenario "scenario 13" with critical situations in all factors.

According to the findings of the research, the problems and tensions of water scarcity, the red alarm of the crisis and water shortage has sounded in Chaharmahal and Bakhtiari province, and this crisis will intensify with the continuation of the current trend. "Weak water governance, incorrect allocation of water resources, non-compliance with the rights of the origin regions of inter-basin water transfer projects and the dominance of more influential and powerful regions" to intensify local and regional tensions and conflicts over water resources and the increase of social gap and political, social and managerial conflicts and general discontent has resulted; thus, according to the results of the research and the conditions governing the current situation of the security challenges of water crisis management in Chaharmahal and Bakhtiari province, the most favorable scenario for prospective management of water crisis security challenges, selecting the drivers of the first scenario based on 13 ideal situations and the best leading scenario to improve the situation governing the security challenges of the water crisis will be in the framework of optimal water governance so that by making appropriate decisions and applying strategies in front of each of the key drivers, to manage the challenges arising from the water crisis, especially the security challenges. Investigation of possible impacts and scenarios of water crisis shows that by considering the driving condition of main factors and their interaction, the probability of encountering with crisis and water stress is more likely than optimistic probability. As the crisis situations and existing trends show, facing this crisis is inevitable; thus, in the long term or in the short term in the coming years, many rural areas and most urban areas will be heavily involved with this issue as the water stress situation worsens. In this regard, the water crisis is a serious issue and requires a quick solution, which seems to be the optimal solution to pay attention and focus on the factors and challenges that cause the critical situation and water shortage in the province.

At the same time as entering the third millennium and with increasing population, in many countries demand for water in order to supply dem world population needs has increased considerably. But because of scarcity of water resources and water crisis in intire world the concept of water security and water poverty persresented into the economic literature of countries wich facing water crisis. Water poverty is one of the greatest challenges of this century and the multidimensional crisis of the next incoming decades in the world, especially in countries with low lelvel of water resources. This crisis can lead to many changes in the world. In this paper, unlike the usual methods op other lasr aricles to calculate water poverty, we calculate the water poverty index is on the base of Catastrophe theory multi-criteria evaluation system and mathematical fuzzy logic method. The sub-indices  wich used to calculate the water poverty are including: water resources (water deficit ratio, surface water supply ratio, the proportion of other factors in water supply), access to water (per capita water resources, price elasticity of water demand, Gini coefficient for domestic use), capacity of Underground aquifers (groundwater utilization rates, surface water utilization rates, dilution rates), using of water resources (per capita consumption of water for irrigation in the agricultural sector, per capita consumption of drinking water, per capita consumption of water in Industrial sector) and environmental integrity (surface water drying, desertification rate, create desert rate). The results of calculating the water poverty index during the period from 1989 to 2015 indicate the upward trend of this indicator and its subset components, which indicates the worsening of the state of water security in Iran in recent years and possibly the deterioration and continuation of this complicated situation for next decades. In the other hand, as the current trend continues, both in terms of resources and in terms of managing the production and consumption of the country's water resources, Iran is gradually losing its ground and becoming poorer in terms of water resources.

Drought and territorial effects have changed the aridity to a major crisis on the resistance of economic life of many villages in dry and semi dry areas. Now drying the Zayanderood river is one of the most challenges of Isfahan province that in addition to the social tensions has also caused the appearance of many political and socal effects.Its effects on rural areas especially in eastern part of Isfahan has been more than the other areas. So the present practical research was done with the purpose of analyzing drought of Zayanderood and its Economic-Political consequences on the farmers of eastern part of Isfahan through a survey. Statistical population of research was the farmers of east of Isfahan who were the householders (N=41000) that according to Cochran formula and by randomly cluser sampling 380 of them were randomly selected as the sample. Questionnaire wasmade by the researcher and data analysis was done through Confirmatory factor analysis method and use of Amos and Lisrel software. Findings of the study confirmed the existence of economic and political consequences of drought of Zayanderood river on the farmers population of east of Isfahan. The results of Friedman showed that among the six considered factors the factor of the real estate and land,s price is on the highedt rank (4.45) while the economic security is on the lowest rank (2.57). Finally, the results show that the standard coefficient and the amount of calculated T of the economic and political consequences of drought of Zayanderood have had remarkable decrease among the farmers of east of Isfahan in factors like the price of land and real estate (0.71), economic security (0.87) and political stock (0.61). In the factor of dependency of the farmers to the government there was an increase(0.59) and also there was clear changes in factors like the method of river life (0.73) and people,s economic condition (0.75).

Iran is geographically located in the dry belt of the earth and this has led to a natural shortage of water. Isfahan province in the center of the country with a long-term average annual rainfall of about 150 mm is also severely limited water resources. Regardless of this, for about half a century, due to various reasons, water consumption in this province, which is mainly due to the establishment of large national industries and their chains, as well as agricultural development and population growth and urbanization, water consumption has increased greatly and lack the appropriateness of water resources and consumption has increased over time. Out of 35 plains of the province, 27 plains are forbidden or critically forbidden. Since no effective practical action has been taken to control this situation, various consumers have tried to compensate part of this mismatch by digging deep and semi-deep wells, both legally and illegally, using underground resources. The lack of replacement of groundwater aquifers and the continuous decline of their water level have caused the phenomenon of subsidence and their permanent destruction, so that even if there are sufficient water resources, these aquifers are no longer able to hold water. This causes the destruction of the most important foundation of the life in subsidence areas, which is the water sources, to be lost forever, which has many environmental, human and political consequences. Currently, subsidence threatens many parts of the province's infrastructure, such as national communication infrastructure such as Shahreza Road near Mahyar, Meshkat Road near Kashan, Bandar Abbas-Tehran Railway near Zavareh, Isfahan-Shiraz Railway near Mahyar and Marvdasht. Isfahan airport as well as other industrial, religious and historical infrastructures such as industrial towns of the province (Jafarabad industrial town of Kashan, Aran and Bidgol); Religious and tourist places (Imamzadeh Agha Ali Abbas, Naqsh Jahan Complex, and historical stairs of the province); Public places Naghsh 11 bsidence is spreading in almost all areas of Isfahan province, which threatens the survival of the province in various dimensions and it is necessary to think of serious practical measures in this area.

Water stress is an important issue facing the world today. Some see it as affected by climate change and droughts, while others see it as poorly managed inhabitants of the planet. Every year, scientists and experts come together to think of a solution to the problem of water shortage. Iran is also one of the driest regions in the world due to its location in the arid geographical belt and desert belt and is thus no exception to this rule. The purpose of this paper is to analyze meta-analytic studies of water resources management. For this purpose, the collected articles were identified and categorized separately at both national and transnational levels. According to the studies, it was found that most studies at the national and transnational levels have focused on the status of water resources management and few studies have examined the causes and reasons for the challenges in water resources management. Also, studies have shown that adaptation and prevention, removal of economic barriers and the use of technology along with increasing stakeholder cooperation, developing a fully collaborative scenario as an alternative to the water transfer scenario, as well as thoughtful and comprehensive planning along with the awareness of actors and the collective will for good governance are some appropriate solutions to the water crisis and climate change. Despite such solutions, water resources management issues should have been resolved by now, but why is the water issue still a challenge? The research findings show that the solution to this problem is not reached by understanding the reasons, but only the favorable conditions versus the unfavorable conditions have been studied. Thus, this research seeks to find out how water resources management happens in this way.

Many places around the world are increasingly facing water shortage and then water crisis. It is generally believed that water scarcity is a natural phenomenon, but water crisis is a managerial and governance issue. In other words, it is a man-made phenomenon, which is mainly related to poor management in the field of population growth and distribution as well as intensity and distribution of economic activities. Although some researchers consider climate changes as one of the causes of water crisis, part of this phenomenon is the result of human activities. Human beings always affect the geographical space, the quantity and quality of which is often influenced by their type of thinking and thought. At the governmental level, the collective and dominant thought of human beings, which is the criterion for action in dealing with all phenomena in all areas, is known as political thinking and ideology. Neoliberalism is an ideology that has emerged mostly in the economic sphere in the late twentieth century. The main context of the study is politics and space and from a theoretical perspective seeks to answer the following question: what is the effect of neoliberal economic policies on the occurrence or exacerbation of water crisis?

This research has been done using the descriptive-analytical method. Data collection is done through library data gathering from printed and Internet sources. The analysis was performed qualitatively and through inferential methods.

The research findings show that some major components of neoliberalism such as privatization, decentralized production, deregulation, and disregard for the public interest in the form of a wide range of actions, policies, and strategies can play a role in water crisis especially in developing countries. Although the occurrence of a water crisis due to the application of these policies is expected in both developing and developed countries, its manifestation and prevalence is higher in developing countries. The reason is that the adoption of the same policies in developed countries often keeps them away from water crises. Because, within the framework of this ideology, they preferentially try to transfer high water consuming and environmentally destructive production processes, industries, and economic activities abroad and to spaces where environmental regulations are less strict. Another notable point is that with the emergence of a water crisis in the geographical spaces of developing countries, which leads to a decrease in the competitiveness of these spaces, companies in developed countries leave those spaces and repeat this destructive cycle in new spaces.

Water crisis means water security, and water security is defined as the quantitative and qualitative sustainability of aquatic ecosystem services in the face of uncertain global change. The concept of resilience should be considered as a necessity in water resources management, because before this concept of water security only sought to meet the water needs by changing the environment, and this means ignoring the two-way relationship between human dynamics and nature and It is a threat to improving water insecurity in the world. Increasing population of Tehran, over-exploitation of groundwater resources, reduced rainfall and also lack of proper management of water resources, has put Tehran in a state of water shortage, so it is necessary to sustain the urban population. Tehran in the face of water crisis, the relationship between urban resilience, water vulnerability and population density to be explained. In this article, by reviewing the background of studies, effective indicators in population density and vulnerability of urban water and resilience are identified, then in order to explain the conceptual model using the classification of indicators derived from theoretical foundations and questionnaire design in three dimensions of factors Effective: urban resilience (dependent variable), urban water vulnerability (independent variable) and population density (mediating variable) and by examining the reliability and validity of divergence and convergence of the main components of the questionnaire by experts in urban planning and urban water of Tehran, coefficients Path, relationships between variables and their interactions were explained using structural equations and SPSS and Smart PLS software.

Conflicts over water among stakeholders are intensifying, as the water crisis in the watersheds escalates. Increased conflict in basins can be the result of various human and natural factors, including inappropriate governance and resource management and climate change. This study aims to investigate the natural and human factors affecting the severity of conflicts among different stakeholders in the Zayandehrood Basin, review the strategies proposed by managers and policymakers, and analyze the strategies implemented in recent years to reduce conflicts in the Zayandehrood Basin. The study used a qualitative methodology based on grounded theory. A sample of key experts and managers of relevant organizations were selected using the snowball sampling technique and the data were collected using semi-structured interviews. The results showed that the experts and managers perceived human elements, such as socio-cultural factors, increased demand for water, inter-basin water transfer policies, and governance factors, to have the greatest impact on conflict management. Moreover, environmental factors such as climate change have intensified the conflict in the basin by rainfall and water resources decline. On the other hand, human factors such as governance and policies in the water crisis and the resulting conflict have had much more impact than natural factors. Some strategies, such as strategic management, inter-basin water transfer, and increased monitoring have been used to manage the conflict caused by the water crisis in the basin. On the other hand, some managers and policymakers believe that some of the implemented strategies have not only been unable to help the stakeholders reduce conflict in the basin, but have also increased tensions in the basin.

Given the importance of water and its impact on the survival of living organisms and taking into account the current conditions of the country's water resources, research and study in this area with a forward-looking approach to increase horizons and prepare for possible conditions. And the development of appropriate executive policies is one of the most important scientific research priorities in the country. The region of West Asia, where many countries are located on the world's desert belt and are inherently rainy and water-scarce, has been most challenged by the "water shortage crisis" in recent decades due to misguided water policies. In the future, by changing the precipitation pattern (reducing precipitation, changing the type of precipitation and intensifying evaporation) will have security and military consequences. The purpose of this study is to gain a better understanding of the future of water in Iran and the impact of its possible future on the decisions and lives of people and on the other hand to develop intellectual methods to create better conditions for decision makers in water resources by providing a viable perspective. The present study is applied in terms of purpose, in terms of type of research is a combination of documentary and survey methods and in terms of nature is based on the method of futurology, analytical and exploratory science. In this study, using questionnaire design, interviews with experts and experts and also using futures research techniques such as Delphi technique and scenario planning, the factors driving the future of water in Iran are determined and then these factors are based on the importance and uncertainty.

Iran is geographically located in the arid climate zone of the earth, which has caused a natural shortage of water in the country. In the past, Iranians have taken some measures such as constructing qanat, dams and reservoirs in most parts of the country to cope with water shortages. Over time, population growth and the expansion of agricultural, industrial and service activities have increased the need for water use. In addition to these issues, the unbalanced distribution of activities and population in the country has often turned the natural phenomenon of water scarcity into a human and managerial phenomenon of the water crisis, as a result of which double pressure is placed on water resources. In this situation, it can be imagined that the environment and natural ecosystems are the first victims of human interventions that have led to water cuts or severe reductions in their right to water and the water crisis brings all kinds of environmental crises. The present study using a descriptive-analytic method investigates the effects and consequences of the water crisis on the country's environment. The research shows examples of this situation in different parts of the country. In a way that the water crisis in various dimensions has destroyed the environment and natural ecosystems in the country and has left irreparable consequences.

In this study, while briefly introducing Lake Urmia and its catchment area, the most important factors affecting the current conditions of Lake Urmia and also the most important threats and damages caused by the continuation of this situation have been described. The main purpose of compiling this article is to explain the causes affecting the dryness of Lake Urmia and the resulting threats in order to adopt appropriate strategies and arrangements to get out of these conditions. The main research question: to what extent does the drying of Lake Urmia affect the general security of East Azerbaijan province? This research is applied in terms of type, descriptive method and survey in terms of data collection technique. The statistical population of the study was 102 people who were selected in full and the data collection tool was a valid and reliable researcher-made questionnaire. (Cronbach's alpha) was collected and t-test was used to analyze the data.

Overdraft from the water resources of Lake Urmia in recent years has had adverse environmental and economic consequences. In addition to upsetting the demographic balance of East Azerbaijan Province, mass migration also poses several security challenges. In order to evaluate the indicators, the mean of a quantitative variable was compared with the constant value (t-test) and the mean equality test was used for a sample. If this trend continues, while creating social, economic and environmental problems for the region, events such as reduced political participation, the formation of protests and regional tensions over water resources, population displacement, reduction The legitimacy of the system, as well as the reduction of the efficiency of the security and law enforcement forces in the region, will result in the formation of security crises in this province.

Less than three percent of the planet's water is fresh. habitat in the macro sense depend on this water. Over the past few decades, due to population growth, agricultural expansion, industrial growth, climate change and successive droughts, human access to water has steadily declined, threatening the survival of the status quo and the sustainability of human life and civilization. This damage has attracted the attention of brokers and researchers to water security. South Khorasan province in eastern Iran is inherently a low-rainfall province with a hot and dry climate and has been involved in successive droughts and over-extraction of groundwater reservoirs for the past two decades. Has resulted. The present article, which is applied and the methodology is explanatory-analytical, and its findings are collected by the library method (books, publications and the Internet) are based on the hypothesis that in recent years, rainfall has decreased and aquifers in the region have decreased. It is associated with an increase in the number of disputes and lawsuits. The results showed that the increasing complexity of increasing water abstraction, declining reservoirs, decreasing rainfall, population growth along with government policies related to the expansion of agriculture has led to increased tensions, conflicts and lawsuits and has affected the province's water security.

Population growth and climate change affect the sources of water. There are two Planning strategies to provide the sources of urban water: The first one is to provide a clean and reliable sources and the second one is the management of water demand. The second option΄s aim is to reduce water consumption. Traditionally, urban planners have not been involved in the management of urban water. While how to build cities, affects the supply and the use of water directly.

The goal of this article is to recognize the relation between built-environment indicators with how to use water in the level of quarter for increasing water protection. Based on this matter, 9 indicators in this field has been identified as effective urbanization΄s factors in the management of water consumption, and then the average of water consumption in each category was extracted. Also categorized data in different groups according to sightly indicator entered into SPSS software for statistical analysis. And in the process of analysis of the ANOVA method and multiple comparisons to specify the level of the indicators΄ importance and then the Friedman-Test to specify the level of the impact of indicators on Al-Ghadir Neighborhood has been used.

Findings have shown that respectively perimeter ratio indicators on area and the rotation of block with maximum impact on water consumption and the indicator of shape, continuity and area can have minimum impact on water consumption in Al-Ghadir Neighborhood.

Therefore, Results have shown that urban planners have been able to promote the protection of the urban water by using planning strategies and designing in the level of Neighborhood and shaping the built-environment and adjusting land use. And they can affect on how to consume water in cities. A comprehensive approach to all these categories and logical and reasonable connection between them and their pervasive development that is the only reasonable way to manage water in cities.