جستجوی مقالات مرتبط با کلیدواژه « برنامه ریزی خطی » در نشریات گروه « اقتصاد »

The current research has been done with the aim of providing a suitable model of financing the shoe and leather industries using fuzzy linear programming, and three hypotheses have been proposed to achieve the above goal. The current research is applied and descriptive research and the statistical population of the research includes shoe and leather industries of East Azarbayjan province, which was determined as a statistical sample of 97 people using Morgan's table. The data needed for the research was collected by using a researcher-made questionnaire to identify financing methods whose validity and reliability were measured and confirmed, and it was also used to model fuzzy linear planning through the documents of the companies. According to the research results of the shoe and leather industries of the province, 11.4% of the necessary resources should be provided through commercial creditors, 21.3% through working capital financing, 40.5% through long-term loans and 8% through long-term loans. Through other short-term loans from financial institutions and banks, provide 9.4 percent through finance (foreign facilities) and 4.4 percent through Uzans (foreign facilities). The rest of the existing facilities remain unused and also the optimal solution of linear programming is different from fuzzy linear programming.

The topic of energy resilience has been noticed a lot in recent decades. Resilience refers to ability of the system to face intense disturbances with a low probability of occurrence. A system is resilient, where it can de facto absorb the temporary or permanent risks and adjust itself with rapidly changing positions of the economy without losing its efficiency factor. In this study we propose a multi- region input–output model to study the energy resilience of several multi-country economies in the year of 2014 with accounts for the inter-sectoral and inter-regional dependencies in the economic structure. The model computes the impacts of random energy production disruptions on the entire multi-regional input–output system in the form of final demand deficits. The results show that when the supply of electricity decreases, the sector's demand for other energy carriers increases, it means, it substitutes these energy carriers with electricity. But Generally Other energy carriers are not suitable substitutes for all economic sectors. We also observed that in the case of trade between countries, the occurrence of a shock in one region is covered by other regions therefore cooperation among regions can improve the individual and collective energy resilience significantly.

Every year, a large number of young men in our country, Iran, are obliged to go on public service. These people are mostly between the ages of 18 and 28 and have higher education. Obviously, the withdrawal of such a large number of the labor force from the production for the military has a great cost for our economy. However, for various reasons, there is not much research that can provide us with a quantitative assessment of this cost. This study aims to use the method of Operation Research and more precisely through Dual Matrices in Linear Programming to provide a model to determine ​​the Opportunity Cost of manpower drafted for the public service in Iran. All research data are based on the Iranian statistics of 2015. The statistical population of the study is 400,000 conscripts. The focus of this research is to extract the model on the separation of academic degrees and industrial subdivisions with ISIC classification. In advance, according to the few available statistics, the model was solved. According to the research findings, the opportunity cost for public service of men is equal to 46.70% of the Value-Added of the industry sector in 2015. This number is equivalent to the economic cost that our country will incur if the enlisted population is sent to the public service, or in other words, the same amount of opportunity is lost. Besides, in a number of scenarios, the other possibility of military service human source assessment is also discussed.

One of the main problems of municipalities in financing the projects and covering their costs is their too much dependency on property and excess density taxes that results in instability of financial and income resources and makes planning a difficult task. Therefore, an appropriate financing plan to reduce the reliance on these incomes and replacing them with continuous stable ones would be of crucial importance for the urban economy and local finance. So, this paper is designed to study the status of municipal revenues in Ilam and to present an appropriate financing plan using six criteria of fairness, transparency, efficiency, sustainability, adequacy, and being operational. The research is conducted using analytical-documentary method. After investigating the flow of municipal revenues in Ilam, and filling the questionnaires by experts of Ilam municipality, weighting coefficients of objective functions were obtained and then the study plan was examined using programming method under two scenarios. Results of the study suggest that over 40% of Ilam municipality incomes rely on resources from construction, and criteria of fairness and transparency in taxation are in top priority. Moreover, results suggest the importance of reviewing the tax rates especially duties on cars by the municipality.

From the perspective of the public budgeting sector ,time inconsistency, is testable by significant deviation of performance(Tafrigh) budget efficiency from the approved. One way to avoid the problem of time inconsistency is to follow, the delegation approach. According to this approach, for any executive monetary or fiscal decision making and planning, an independent monetary or fiscal planning institution or sector is established, a part from the executive one. Objective evidences such as these institutions in metropolitan cities of our country, are formation of the planning deputy as a new municipal organization of the metropolitan cities such as Isfahan municipality.
In this survey, we first, estimate approved and performance budget efficiency of fourteen municipalities with central municipality of the aria of Isfahan metropolitan city from 2009 to 2012 by Parametric method of Timmer and WinQSB software. Two tailed T-test ,at 95% confidence interval and Pearson’s correlation coefficient are used for significant deviations of the approved budget efficiency from the performance by SPSS 18. Kolmogorov- Smirnov test is also used for data normality test. The results, indicate that, Isfahan deputy of planning was not able to avoid the phenomenon of time inconsistency during 2009 and 2010. But, after two years, during 2011 and 2012, delegation approach was able to avoid it

Global development in terms of increased attention to environmental protection and the finite nature of fossil resources have accelerated the use of renewable energies. Renewable energy portfolio standard (RPS), is a government policy to promote the use of renewable energy in the energy consumption basket.  The RPS stipulates the minimum amount of renewable energy that each electricity supplier should produce.  This policy has been widely studied in different countries, but so far no such studies have been undertaken in Iran. This study introduces the experience of countries that have been successful in their RPS policies.  We then use linear programming techniques to study an RPS policy that requires regional power supply companies to produce at least 10 percent of their electricity from renewable energy sources. We focus on identifying the optimal combination of different renewable energy sources to meet the RPS.  The results indicate the maximum production of electricity from renewable sources is about 13/65559 TWh.  The optimal ratio of each renewable energy source is respectively 4.29, 9.19, 8.5, 30.9, 19.337 and 30.34 percent for solar energy, biomass, geothermal, wind, hydroelectric and tidal energy.

In agricultural activities, multiple inputs and sources are use. The main objectives of farm managers and planners were to optimizing the resources usage and inputs for determining appropriate cropping pattern. Hamedan province and Bahar county has high potential for agricultural productions. The main purpose of research was to investigate optimal cropping pattern for Bahar county for crop years of 2013-2014. For the mentioned aim, mathematical planning and simulation of cropping products on the basis of water input. Data were analyzed by Lingo10 software in mathematical model. In the study, feasibility of efficiency maximization and investment cost, water usage, chemical matters minimization were analyzed according to land limitation and water availability. Results show that for the purpose of mentioned aim planning efficiency of product were increased: 8.44 percent, investment cost 2.94percent, chemical manure usage 3.05, chemical toxins usage 0.88 but water usage 1.99 percent decreased. It can be expected that findings will contribute to agricultural related organizations and planners.

Like any other natural resources, utilization of hydro resources in electricity generation leads to reduce costs and create economic rents. In our country the share of hydroelectric plants from total electricity production compared to other productive resources is around 14%. In this study, calculate the economic rent of hydropower plant with the determination least-cost power generation capacity expansion planning with and without the hydropower plant. The model it also computation the economic rent of plant, optimal combination of power plant in future must be built and optimal utilization from they and existing plants to meet future is determined. The propose model for power plan of changes in economic rents were some of the key variables. The results show that there are substantial economic rent is the electricity generated by hydropower plants. Also the results show that Perspective Development of power industry is to side Gas and hydro power plants. And all of the hydroelectric plants due to lower operating costs compared to gas and steam power plant is actually used in base load and Gas and steam power plant due to higher operating costs practically middle and peak load operation has been. Also the sensitivity analysis shows the economic rent generated electricity from hydropower sources would be sensitive to changes in discount rate, load growth, fuel prices and availability of hydropower plan.

This paper tries to develop a mathematical model to assign an optimal site for Insurance Organization branches in eastern part of Tehran by using the data of Social Insurances Organization. So, designing and developing service network and determining a proper site to set up the centers of services is a vital issue. Factors affecting the location include land price, ensured population, closeness to the parking, organizations, clinics, banks, underground-station, bus-station, highways. By using questionnaire and performing pair-wise comparisons of the determinants and then analyzing the data collected by Eigenvector method, the effectiveness coefficients of each determinant will be determined. Numerical results of MADM model will be inserted in the second objective function defined as 0 and 1 that means the organization branch in that location must set up or not. Finally, the model will be solved by Excel and a proper location determined for setting up the branches.

One of the important factors in intercity transportation systems is providing fuel to mass volume of different vehicles. Certainly, fuel demand characteristics and layout structure of refueling facilities have considerable effects on transportation network and traffic pattern. Hence optimal location of gas stations becomes an important issue for city management.
In this article we have used a linear programming model with an objective function based on minimum cost and balanced distribution of demand in 22 municipality districts of Tehran to obtain the optimal location of gas stations. Comparing the model results with present distribution of refueling stations shows that the existing layout is not optimal in some districts of Tehran.

The main Purpose of this research is comparison of efficiency of independent headquarters of Iranian post bank by using non- parametric (Data Envelopment Analysis) and parametric methods (Stochastic Frontier Functions). In order to estimate and evaluate the efficiency, data on balance sheet have been used for 28 independent headquarters of Iranian Post Bank during 1999-2005. Results show, there is no significant differences between non – parametric and parametric approach in measuring the efficiency of independent headquarters of Iranian post bank.Regarding to results of DEA, means of cost efficiency, technical efficiency and allocative efficiency is 25%, 83% and 32% respectively.Logarithmic - Linear Translog cost function is utilized in parametric method to estimate efficiency and define the determinant factors. The Results showed the efficiency of Iranian Post Bank is 55%. The efficiency of headquarters has inverse relation with the size of Post Bank (total asset), number of Employee, number of branches, and directly relation with time trend and total income of Post Bank. Finally, in this essay, for microeconomic basic and effect of random variables SFA is preferred to DEA.

Balanced Score is used as a comprehensive method in evaluation of organization,s performance.this model emphasizes ordanizational strategies and provides a reasonable and comprehensive relations with all organizational aspects (e.g. financial,customer,internal process,learning and growth),in order to achieve the goals and their evaluations.In this paper,the researchers are going to present the concepts and procedure of BSC evolution in publhc and private dimensions.The managers are interested in formulating company,s strategy by BSC to achieve the vision,but they do not have lots of money,time,resources,etc:to execute all the improved programming that obtian performance driver,s indicators.Therefore,the researchers decided to rank the perspectives and performance drivers to achieve the vision by LP method.They will also discuss the supply-chain and social responsiveness as two new perspectives of BSC.

Nowadays there is a need for natural gas in almost every country. Considering the fact thatIslamic Republic of Iran is the second owner of natural gas reserves in the world,export of thisimportant factor would be one of the most inevitable subjects in our economy. Furthermore,thebenefits of oil export can be replaced by the benefits of gas export. But the high level ofdomestic consumption is of the most restrictive factors in promoting gas export.The main purpose of this paper is to determine an optimum price for Iran's natural gas exporttaking into account the domestic versus international demand for the fuel. In this way we practicea mathematical approach with a linear planning model,considering the concept ofopportunity cost in our analysis.In this way the optimum price would be reviled by adding theshadow price to the marginal cost. If we allocate our natural reserves to export,we should addthe minimum benefits of domestic consumption to marginal cost of production of gas. Obviouslyit will result in minimum price of gas export which is estimated to be 48.8 cent per cubic meter.

In this paper، we have evaluated the efficieny of selected countries in the field of knowledge economics by using mathematical programming model. Currently، for efficiency evaluation two methods are being used: 1) Parametric method 2) Nonparametric method. In this paper، we are using the Nonparametric method that is based on mathematical programming model to categorize Iran and selected countries according to knowledge economics efficiency. The main advantage of data development analysis in comparison with other methods (for efficiency evaluation) is its evaluating units that have several inputs and outputs. In this paper، according to output and input during 2005، we evaluated the efficiency of knowledge economics according to two assumptions constant return to scale and diminishing return to scale. The resoult of this research shows that according to the first assumption; Turkey, Bahrain, Jordan, Syria and Kuwait have the most efficiency in comparison with Azarbaijan, Iran, Kazakhstan, Lebanon, Oman, Pakistan, Qatar, Saudi Arabia, Tajikistan and United Arab Emirates. and the efficiency average based on this assumption is 72. 9 percent. According to the second assumption; Azarbaijan and Uzbakestan join to the efficient countries and their efficiency average base on this assumption is %75. Finally, according to the resoults of this research (if we consider Turkey as a pattern), efficient countries must increase their efficiency by following Turkey’s performance.

The main goal of this paper is to identify the factors affecting the efficiency of banking industry in Iran. Towards this ends, two methods namely, Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) and Stochastic Frontier Analysis (SFA) have been employed to investigate the issue in detail. The data needed for this study covers the period of 1002to 1002and are compiled from balance sheets of commercial banks, specialized banks and also from private banks. The results obtained by the application of DEA method indicate that in terms of economic, allocation, and technical consideration, the average efficiency of banking sectors has been in the order of 265, 775and 715, respectively. In the SFA method, the overall average efficiency of banking system is estimated tobe around %45. the results of our model and its coefficient estimates indicate that the efficiency of banking industry is inversely related to the size of the banks, its overall assets and concentration index while factors such as number of bank branches, its skilled and educated labor force, loan to asset ratio, ratio of credit risk to asset, and e-banking index have a positive impact on efficiency index of banking industry.Promotion of efficiency in the banking sectors can be ensured only when the non viable banks are taking over by acquisition or merging practices.

The purpose of this study is to find optimal cropping pattern in Iran, which maximizes the net income return per cubic meter of water consumed. Our aim is to achieve the efficient utilization of the scarce water resources. For attaining this goal, the method offractional programming was applied to data collected from the site of Ministry of Jihad-E-keshavarzi, statistical center of Iran and yearbook of agriculture. This study was performed in two scenarios one under internal prices scenarios and the other underinternational prices scenario. The ratio of income to water consumed is taking as measure to gauge consistency rate. The findings show that the ratio of income to water consumed in fractional programming is higher than that of in linear programming. In other words, in optimum pattern of cropping the amount of water consumed is reduced considerably .Based on the findings, it can thus be concluded that we can enhance the performance of agricultural sector by adopting the appropriate pricing policies.

In this research We are considering milk gathering centers in Khorasan province and also analyze elements such as quantity and capacity of milk gathering centers, distance and time of transportation. Meantime up to determined regulation and standard from veterinary affair and department of controlling foodstuff we evaluate capital and current costs of milk gathering centers (in town, township, village) and after that we determine minimum economical capacity of one milk gathering center and also we detect other non-profitable centers and analyze them. In addition, we use one linear programming model with aim of decrease in transportation cost of milk up to milk industrial factory so with this tool we apply for best locality of milk gathering center. In this model we consider elements like milk production quantity in different area, distance between place of production up to consumer location (factory), transportation cost, minimum economical capacity of milk gathering center, maximum capacity of milk gathering centers and maximum capacity of milk industrial factory as effective elements on locality.

The main Purpose of this study is to investigate the comparative efficiency of commercial banks in Iran using stochastic frontier function as a parametric and data envelopment analysis as a non-parametric approaches. The data used cover the period 1996-2004. The findings of this paper show that there is a significant difference between non–parametric and parametric methods in measuring the efficiency in the commercial banks of Iran. The mean of cost efficiency, allocative efficiency, and technical efficiency are 65, 96, and 68 percent, respectively, using DEA approach. Moreover, a linear translog cost function is specified and estimated. The estimated Mean of efficiency is 34 percent.