جستجوی مقالات مرتبط با کلیدواژه « کیفیت محیط زیست » در نشریات گروه « اقتصاد »

The empirical test of the environmental Kuznets curve (EKC) hypothesis plays an important role in designing a macroeconomic model for sustainable economic development; The purpose of this study is to examine the relationship between growth and carbon dioxide emissions, emphasizing the role of renewable and fossil energy consumption in developing and developed countries. For this purpose, 26 developed countries and 41 developing countries have been considered in the period of 2000-2021. The results of the Westerland cointegration test (with cross-sectional dependence between countries) in developed countries and the Kao cointegration test (without cross-sectional dependence between countries) in developing countries indicate the existence of a long-term relationship between model variables in both groups of countries. FGLS and PCSE estimators show that in both groups of countries, renewable energy consumption has a positive and significant impact on the quality of the environment, and the absolute value of this impact is greater in developed countries than in developing countries, while this result for Fossil energy is the opposite. The N-shaped growth-pollution relationship is confirmed in both groups of countries. Therefore, it cannot be expected that pollution emissions will decrease in the long term with the increase in production. Therefore, the claim that "economic growth is both the cause and the solution of environmental destruction" is doubtful. This study highlights the importance of promoting green energy in order to achieve sustainable development and combat global warming.

Human activities have affected all parts of the environment and have aggravated social and environmental crises in the contemporary period. Countries are promoting economic growth and improving living standards, which leads to an increase in the use of fossil fuels in industrialization and activities related to promoting economic growth, and as a result, reduces the quality of the environment. The purpose of this research is to investigate the impact of stock market development and energy consumption on environmental quality in emerging economies for the time period of 2002-2022 and using the generalized moments method. The results of the research show that the stock market development variable has a positive and significant effect on carbon dioxide emissions. When the stock market develops, there are more resources to finance production, which increases greenhouse gas emissions by increasing energy consumption. In addition, energy consumption has a positive and significant effect on carbon dioxide emissions. The positive reaction of energy consumption to the emission of carbon dioxide can lead to global warming and climate change due to excessive use of fossil energy sources. Also, the variables of urbanization, economic growth and the first lag of the dependent variable have a positive and significant effect on carbon dioxide emissions. While, the government size variable has a negative and significant effect on carbon dioxide emissions. According to the results, in emerging economies to reduce the carbon of industrial companies, policymakers should implement strict environmental policies without affecting the development of financial markets.

The purpose of this article is to evaluate the effects of information and communication technology on the quality of the environment (publication pollutant gases, carbon dioxide and greenhouse gases) and ecological footprint (from three aspects of the effect individual, country reserves trend and land type) in member countries of the Economic Co-operation and development  Organization is using the panel data method in the time period of 1992-2018.The results showed Expanding the use of ICT  in the mentioned countries has a positive effect on improving the quality of the environment And It has reduced the emission of carbon dioxide, greenhouse gases and ecological footprint.Furthermore, the consequences of ICT on the quality of the environment in the long term have been more than in the short term. Therefore, the findings showed that the substitution effect of ICT (substitution of online activities) compared to Income effect (increased leisure time from the substitution effect and increased travel demand) in the case study has been dominant.

Although various studies have investigated the impact of income inequality on the quality of the environment, the impact of income distribution on the consumption of renewable energy, which plays an important role in reducing CO2 emissions and improving the quality of the environment, has been understudied. The main purpose of this article is to investigate the effect of income inequality (Gini coefficient) on renewable energy consumption in Iran. For this purpose, the autoregressive distributed lag (ARDL) approach has been used to analyze the time series data related to the period 1983-2019. The results of the cointegration test show that the fair distribution of income leads to an increase in the consumption of renewable energy. Also, according to the results, economic growth, rate of economic openness, and rate of urbanization increase the consumption of renewable energy in Iran, while CO2 emission reduces the consumption of renewable energy in Iran. These results provide useful policy implications for managing energy consumption to improve the quality of the environment and reduce environmental pollutants.

The mechanism of intra-industry trade defines technology transfer through sectors that produce and export products that lead to easier absorption of foreign technologies. Therefore, compared to inter-industry trade, intra-industry trade may encourage the use of environmentally friendly technology to a greater extent. The purpose of this paper has been to evaluate the effect of intra-industry trade on environmental quality for Iran and selected countries including France, Japan, South Korea, Italy, Spain, Belgium, Russia, Australia, Germany, Denmark, China, Turkey, UAE and Pakistan during the period of 2001-2020. The model was estimated by the generalized least squares (GLS) method based on the panel data approach. In this respect, the variables of carbon dioxide and methane emissions, as the indicators of environmental quality were used through the development of the environmental econometric model. The empirical results showed that the intra-industry trade variable (proxied by Grobel-Lloyd index) was statistically significant at 10% significance level and had a negative sign. This means that the expansion of intra-industry trade, in which the level of competition and the quality of goods and services are improved, plays an important role in reducing environmental pollution as a result of increasing the quality of the environment in Iran and the trading partners. However, Iran's trade relations with the trading partners in the form of intra-industry trade do not include a high share, which implies the country's traditional and inter-industry trade relations with its partners. This can be caused by the production of raw materials and the export of these goods and Iran's low-ranking technology with the selected partners. Such trade relations may cause destructive effect the environment.

The limitation of non-renewable resources and the increasing of environmental pollution caused by  the accumulative consumption of  fossil fuels indicate the necessity of paying  attention to renewable sources. The  present stud  analyzes  the  factors affecting on the  quality of  the  environment  with emphasis  on the consumption of renewable energy and human capital such as education in developing and  developed countries. Also, the  impact  of GDP  (Gross National Production), abundance  of natural  resources and foreign direct investment  on the quality of the environment are  examined. The results  of using regression  based on panel data show that the        consumption of renewable energy  and human  capital has a positive and significant effect on the quality of the  environment  in the group  of developing the  countries. Also,  the  impact of  GDP, abundance  of natural resources  and foreign direct  investment on  the quality of the environment is negative. In  the group  of developed  countries, the impact of renewable energy  consumption, human  capital such  as education,  GDP and abundance of natural  resources on the quality of the environment is inthe same line with developing countries.

Financial inclusion and climate change are two important aspects of development. The issue of whether financial inclusion will improve environmental quality or not is contentious. It can provide a good perspective for countries to plan for economic development. We estimate dynamic relationship between financial inclusion and CO2 emission in developing countries with the highest level of pollution. Firstly, by using causality test of Toda and Yamamoto (1995) bidirectional causality between environmental quality index and financial inclusion has been confirmed. Then, we use the Principal Component Analysis (PCA) to construct index for financial inclusion. Then, a panel data model by the Generalized Method of Moments (GMM) is estimated to address the endogeneity problem. We find that financial inclusion has led to higher CO2 emissions. Thus there have not been synergies between financial inclusion and environmental quality. Furthermore, our findings underscore the significant role of higher GDP, urbanization, industrialization, and increase in energy intensity contribute to higher level of carbon emissions in developing top-18 emitter countries. Interestingly, openness to trade seems to reduce CO2 emissions.

The aim of this study was to estimate the nonlinear effect of oil, gas, electricity, and coal energy consumption on carbon dioxide emissions in ten energy-intensive countries (Iran, South Korea, Japan, Germany-Russia-USA-India-Canada-Brazil and China) in the world. Statistics and information used to estimate the nonlinear autoregressive panel model with distributed intervals (PANEL NARDL) have been extracted from the database of the World Bank and the World Energy Organization for the period 1985-2019. The results show that increased consumption of gas, electricity, coal, and oil leads to increased carbon dioxide emissions, while a decrease in their consumption reduces carbon dioxide emissions in the long run. Also, the nonlinear relationship between the per capita of consumption of these four types of energy and the emission of carbon dioxide in high-consumption countries was confirmed by the parent test in the long run. Therefore, reducing the use of fossil fuels and shifting the focus to clean and renewable energy consumption is proposed for the five selected countries, especially Iran, and economic policymakers should prioritize environmental protection by enacting applicable laws. In this way, the creation and development of intelligent infrastructure for the carbon economy and industry are essential.

The relationship between the economic growth and the environment quality and degradation is one of the most debated topics among the economists and environmentalists. Economic growth usually requires more consumption of energy, which leads to more environment degradation. Substituting renewable energy sources for fossil fuels would prevent environment degradation; however, it will hinder the economic growth. Therefore, the relationship between the economic growth and environment could go in both directions and previous studies have shown different results. This study uses time-frequency analysis through wavelet transforms to examine this relationship in Iran using the data from the first quarter in 1991 to the last quarter in 2016. This approach allows identifying the change in the relationship between the variables over different time horizons. To that end, we calculate the coherence and energy of the wavelets over different time horizons using Matlab 2018a. The results show that in the short-run (less than a year) and mid-run (between one and four years), economic growth is the cause of environment and an increase in the economic growth would cause environment degradation. The results from the short and medium run show that this relationship was much stronger during the periods 2012-2015 and 2009-2010. However, in the long run, there is no causality between the two variables so environment regulations would not hinder the economic growth.

Intra-industry trade (IIT) in final goods, which depends on transport costs, seasonal trade and even product diversification, is often subject to lower pressures from commercial, political and control levels due to competition in industry for higher quality and higher value added, which is a controlling factor for the environment. The purpose of this article is to determine the type of cross-trade between Iran and selected trading partners and to identify its environmental impact. For this purpose, the different types of Iran’s IIT with its selected trading partners were calculated based on the Globel-Lloyd (GL), Fontan, Friedenberg and Peridy (FFP) and the Azhar and Eliot (AE) indexes over the period (2001-2015). Emprical Results show that a significant share of intra-industry trade between Iran and selected countries (including neighbours, countries from East Asia and Europe) relies on vertical intra-industry trade, indicating that there is little competitive pressure on Iranian tradable goods. According to Azhar and Eliot's index, the major share of intra-industry trade is made from low quality goods. Hence, choosing such a trade strategy has not led to improvement of Iran's environmental quality. The implication of the empirical findings figures out the policy of IIT flows expansion in order to preserve the quality of the country’s environment.

The Kuznets Environmental Curve (EKC) hypothesis shows that there is an inverse relationship between environmental pollution and per capita income. This study examines the impact of economic growth on environmental quality using meta-analysis in Iran and a number of selected countries. We have chosen and examined 13 research works with 84 regression models. The related data are analyzed using STATA and CMA softwares. The results show that the effect of economic growth on environmental quality is approximately 0.22, hence confirming the EKC hypothesis. In other words, by achieving higher levels of economic growth the quality of the environment would improve. The effect size of energy consumption and urbanization is 1.4 and 0.34, respectively. This result, according to Kuhn's interpretation, indicates the effect size at the upper and lower levels, respectively. Population, literacy rate, degree of trade openness and fixed foreign investment are also other variables affecting the quality of the environment.

Despite the importance of the relationship between financial system stability, energy consumption, economic growth and Environmental quality in economic policies, in economics literature in the country has not been examined. For this purpose, for this purpose, in this study is an endeavor to examine the impact of financial stability, renewable and non- renewable energy consumption and economic growth on Environmental quality (co2 emission) in Iran.  Autoregressive distributed lag bounding test has been used to estimate the short run and long run relationship between these variables, in the framework of the multivariate time series model, over the period 1359-1395. Also, Toda-Yamamato causality is employed to investigating causality relationship between these variables. The results indicate that financial stability have no significant impact on environmental quality in Iran, while economic growth, population density and non-renewable have a negative and significant impact on environmental quality. In addition, the results show a positive and significant impact of renewable energy consumption on improving environmental quality in Iran. Also, the results support the environmental Kuznets curve (EKC) hypothesis during the underlying study period in Iran considering the variables of financial stability and energy consumption. According to the results, a set of financial, economic, demographic and energy supply policies is necessary to reduce the negative impacts of Environmental pollution by policymakers.

Foreign direct investment (FDI) and increased trade volume have been known as resources for capital accumulation and economic growth in developing countries. FDI and trade are also associated with  technology transfer, linkages with international markets, and transfer of management skills. However, increasing economic growth requires higher energy consumption, which leads to environmental degradation in these countries. This study probes the effect of foreign direct investment and trade openness on Carbon dioxide emissions (as an indicator of environmental quality) and clean energies in the selected developing countries using a panel-ARDL approach during 1971-2014. The findings of this study reveal that despite the positive and significant effects of direct foreign investment on economic growth and the use of clean energy, they have no significant effect on the environmental degradation in these countries. The results also show that trade openness has a positive and significant correlation with carbon dioxide emissions, while this variable has a negative and significant effect on clean energy consumption. Finally, the results of the study indicate that the speed of adjustment towards long-term equilibrium in this model is relatively slow.

The aim of this paper is study the role of indirect environmental taxation in endogenous growth model on environmental quality in Iran. For doing so, has used simulation of three section economic model and definition environmental quality function and the optimal level of variable in general equilibrium model determined and used a calibration method to studding the role of taxation on capital gains. The result showed that capital gain tax reduces consumption and capital. Increase capital gain tax rate increases government tax revenue and provide compensation of pollution, thus increasing the quality of environment. It should be note that the flow of capital is effective on change the quality of the environment. The results suggest that increase in capital in order to increase the environmental technologies is because it coincides with increase in the quality of the environment, decrease the capital. Therefore, the positive and negative effects of taxes should be considered with a comprehensive view in order not to reduce the quality of the environment and not create disorder in the economic system.

Preliminary studies of the Kuznets curve, on a simple model (pollution function of the level of development) relied. Recent studies argue that other factors except the income could be decisive in the environmental pollution. One of the economic variables that have been considered in recent years is income inequality. In this study, using time series data from Iran (1978 to 2013), the effect of income distribution on carbon dioxide emissions has been discussed. The Gini coefficient in urban areas and the income of the richest 10 percent to 10 percent of the poorest members of society has been used as an indicator of income inequality. Due to the characteristics of the variables, regression analysis was used to estimate the ARDL method. The results show that by improving the distribution of income, per capita carbon dioxide emissions are reduced. In other words, improving income distribution, while positive economic and social effects that many studies have enumerated, will improve the quality of the environment. Urbanization and per capita energy consumption, carbon dioxide emissions per capita is positive and significant impact. Also in the short term and long-term per capita income has no effect on CO2 gas emissions per capita in the country.

In the present study, the cross sectional data of 2013-14 were collected through questionnaires from 201 irrigated-wheat producers in Fasa applying multistage random cluster sampling to investigate the effects of energy carriers’ price rising on environmental quality. Firstly, through utilizing Almost Ideal Supply System and estimating the demands of wheat inputs and the complementary and substitutionary relationships between the inputs. Then, consistence with targeted subsidies plan, various energy (gas oil and electricity) prices increase scenarios are employed to calculate changes in the demand for production inputs. In this study, changes in quantity demand inputs for water, chemical pesticides, fertilizers and energy carriers’ has been used as an indicator of environmental quality. The results indicated that own-price elasticity of compensated demand are negative for all inputs. Also the cross elasticities of compensated coefficients revealed complementary relationships between gas, oil, machinery and electricity, labor, and the substitutionary relationship between gas oil and electricity and as  well as gas oil and labor. The effects of the price rising of gas oil and electricity indicated that by increasing in price these carriers, the environmental quality reduced. Therefore, it is suggested that policy in wheat production should be implemented with further considerations. Finally, despite its low own-price and cross elasticities of compensated demand inputs, the substitutionary they can implicitly suggests appropriately willingness of producers to use inputs other instead of energy. Therefore, it is suggested that the government should introduce technologies replacing energies and promote consistent environmental instead.

The main objective of this study is investigation the impact of income inequality on quality of environment in Iran in the long-run and short-run. For this purpose, using annual data during the period 1967-2013 and Bayer-Hanck Cointegration approach to examine the impact of income inequality on environmental quality in Iran. The short-run and long-run effects of income inequality, economic growth and energy consumption on CO2emission in the Iran are examined with using the autoregressive distributed lag (ARDL) approach. The results show that more equitable distribution of income cause better environmental quality in the short-run and long-run. It is also the short-run and long run, economic growth has a beneficial effect on environmental quality, whereas energy consumption has a detrimental effect on the environment. Therefore, applying the income distribution improvement policies aside to revise energy sector policies and using the cleaner technologies can be used by policy makers as an instrument for long run development targets.

Environmental quality is affected by many factors such as economic and political inequality. The main purpose of this article is to investigate the effects of income and political inequality on the environment quality in the selected countries. Using the Generalized Method of Moments (GMM), the effects of gini coefficient, democracy index and income per capita, energy consumption and human development index on environmental quality are estimated for 57 countries during the period 2000 to 2012. The results show that income inequality and Political inequality significantly had a negative effect on environment quality. While the energy consumption has the negative effect on the quality of environment, improvement in human development index and the income per capita have a positive effect on the quality of environment. This finding might has important policy implication for policymakers and authorities to achieve sustainable development in different countries.

The main object of this article is to investigate the impacts of trade and political variables on the environmental performance index (EPI) from 2000 to 2012. To do so, the data from 110 countries were collected in this period using the GMM method. Also, different levels of income were used for data analysis. The results showed that, while the export of goods had a negative impact on EPI, the export of services and inward FDI had a positive impact on EPI in all the studied countries. The result also suggested that there was a positive relationship between political variables and EPI, with the trade and FDI having a significant impact on FDI. Furthermore, the EKC hypothesis was confirmed. These findings can be used by policymakers to attain sustainable development objectives.

Many studies have investigated the effects of economic growth, energy consumption and foreign trade on the pollutant emissions due to fossil fuels combustion. The consideration of financial development together with economic growth results in significant differences among findings. This paper examines the effects of financial development on environmental quality of Iran during 1973-2007 using an ARDL (Auto Regressive Distributed Lags) model. According to the results, the negative coefficient for financial development index shows the adverse effect of financial development on carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions. Therefore, it is expected that increasing financial development will reduce the CO2 emissions.