جستجوی مقالات مرتبط با کلیدواژه « assessment » در نشریات گروه « اقتصاد »

Türkiye is one of the countries with a long history of development planning. The roots of development planning date back to industrial development programs in the 1930s. It started with the formulation of five-year development plans in the early 1960s and evolved through medium-term programs and strategic plans in the early 21st century. The main objective of this research is to study the evolution of the development planning system using a historical and documentary approach, and also to evaluate the governance of development planning with a systemic approach. With the systemic approach, we intend to describe the interactions and relationships of the components and elements of the planning system to achieve the objectives. The evaluation of the governance pattern of the planning system shows that the development planning system in Türkiye has been dynamic and has evolved over the past one hundred years through structural reforms. The national development planning system in this country is multi-level and includes five-year long-term development plans, three-year medium-term programs, three-year medium-term financial plans, one-year investment programs, presidential investment plans, and strategic plans of organizations, all of which are systematically interconnected.

Today, security is one of the indicators of the quality of life in the city and plays a crucial role in improving and improving the quality of urban life, living comfortably, and achieving a sustainable city. Knowing about the sense of security of the residents of a community has an influential role in recognizing the challenges and solutions for the development of a community and working to strengthen its infrastructure. Many factors play a role in the formation and emergence of violent behaviors, among the most important of which are defenseless spaces that have various effects on urban spaces and the lives of citizens, which increase crimes and decrease citizens’ sense of security. It has the most impact. Defenseless spaces are dead from the point of view of protection but active and alive from the point of view of anomalous space issues, which become the place of occurrence of all kinds of urban crimes due to neglect, planning, and incorrect and simplistic planning. In this study, the role of defenseless urban spaces in the occurrence of crime has been identified and investigated, emphasizing the 9th district of Tehran.

he research method is based on library, documentary, and field studies and the statistical population of this research is the residents of the 9th district of Tehran municipality. In order to determine the sample size among the residents of the area, using Cochran’s formula, the necessary sample size of 150 people was obtained, which was randomly distributed among the residents of the region. Cronbach’s alpha coefficient for the designed questionnaires is 0.896 (higher than 0.7), which indicates the high reliability of the questionnaire questions and the internal correlation of the questions to measure the research variables. The results of the data obtained through the software ARC GIS, Expert Choice, Super Decisions, Excel, IDRISI, as well as Analytical Hierarchy (AHP), Analytical Network Model (ANP), TOPSIS, VIKOR, are examined, and the analysis is placed.

The research showed that about 56% of the residents have lived in this place for more than ten years, and it is at an average level in terms of physical vulnerability. Industrial and military centers are among the uses that can increase the number of defenseless points during a crisis, so there is an inverse relationship between the number of defenseless points and the distance from these uses. In other words, the greater the distance from these uses, the fewer defenseless points. The criteria of social abnormality, lack of lighting facilities, and pollution have also won the first to third ranks, respectively. Therefore, the effective fields have an effect on creating and strengthening the defenseless urban space in the 9th district of Tehran. According to the results obtained by examining the Vikor method’s conditions, both Vikor conditions have been violated. Therefore, a set of consensus solutions can be used to rank the options. It is common to base the ranking of options on the Vikor index. Thus, according to the VIKOR index, the neighborhood of Ostad Moin has the best situation among other neighborhoods in Region 9. Moreover, based on the findings of the research, the spatial, social, and psychological quality is directly related to the reality of the defenseless urban space in the 9th district of Tehran. The ranking based on the Vicor index showed that the Ostad Moin neighborhood has the best condition among the other neighborhoods of the 9th district. The social anomaly with a beta of 0.398 has had the highest impact on spatial quality compared to inappropriate uses and lack of recreational space. The regression analysis results show that the spatial, social, and psychological quality at the level of (α<0.01) can predict the defenseless urban space of District 9 of Tehran Municipality. The research results indicate the insecurity and undesirability of the 9th district of Tehran  in terms of defenseless spaces, which have several indicators. The absence of a specific plan from related organizations for such spaces brings nothing but the escalation of violence, insecurity, increase in crime rates, and the departure of the native population of the neighborhood.

One of the necessary measures to reduce damage and adaptations is the optimal location of users. If urban uses are placed carefully, many costs created for the city, both in terms of health and in terms of time, will be saved. Urban density and urban infrastructure, including water, electricity, gas, telephone, city communication network, etc., play an essential role in the degree of vulnerability of the city. Flexibility in the form of the city, contiguity, and compatibility of uses with each other, proportional distribution of urban density, including residential density, population density, etc., having an efficient and hierarchical communication network, construction of infrastructure facilities and urban infrastructures in a reliable, resistant and capable manner. Restoration is one of the essential factors of urban development. On the one hand, the expansion of communication networks and urban infrastructures, the lack of observance of the most basic safety points in urban constructions, and the unplanned growth and development of the city have created the conditions for causing much damage in times of crisis. The final results of our study show that region 9 is at an average level in terms of physical vulnerability.

Good implementation of corporate governance principles is considered an important tool for the stability and soundness of a financial institution. An extensive body of studies has done about the effects of corporate governance on firm performance. The majority of those studies have found a more corporate value for implementing those principles. Due to these facts, the assessment of compliance with corporate governance principles is a critical factor for external inspectors to be sure about the long-term sustainability of any economic organization. Based on these facts, this research aims to introduce a suitable mechanism for measurement of Iranian banking corporate governance, and calculation of corporate governance in a bank as a sample through a set of value measures, elements, and indices. This mechanism helps to score banks compliance with four corporate governance principles: accountability, responsibility, transparency, and fairness and rank them according to their score. For valuation of importance coefficients for each of the measures and elements, we use the viewpoints of the experts. To calculate the final corporate governance index for the sample bank, the value of any sub-indices is derived from published information and other information related to the bank.

At the beginning of the 21st century, globalization and innovation in the field of information technology and, consequently, the formation of the flow of space, have made cities, in national spaces, like multinational corporations, increasingly compete gain economic benefits. In the past, competition was associated with companies and manufacturing institutions, but as globalization and networking of the global economy began to emerge, cities have always enjoyed a special status as a node in network economy, and it is believed that the competition is at the same level with national competition. Today, perhaps one of the most successful ways to transform a city into a city with a successful economy is to use the concept of a competitive city. Competitiveness of cities has a crucial role in urban development, and in this way, it will provide sustainable revenues for urban managers in these urban areas. Therefore, this research has been conducted with the aim of explaining the causal model of effective measures on the competitiveness of the city. The present research is applied in terms of purpose, and descriptive-causal based on method. The statistical sample of the study consisted of 30 experts related to urban economics. In order to achieve the aim of the study, fuzzy DEMATEL technique was used. The research findings indicated that based on D-R values, among the four criteria of urban competitiveness, the economic criterion with the value of 0.833 is the most influential and the environmental criteria with the value of 0.689 has been influenced the most of urban competitiveness. In addition, based on Dvalues, the economic criterion with the value of (2.671) was identified as the most important criterion for urban competitiveness.

Integration of assessment with planning process is one of the distinctive features of modern urban planning. In response to the need for comprehensive and integrated thinking, to evaluate and analyze complex and changing urban issues, assessment has become a basic issue in urban planning process aiming to explain the value of urban programs in terms of influencing urban development, formulate the program and implement social interventions, and improve management. Despite significant advances in theoretical approaches and evaluation methods, scientific evaluation of the status of comprehensive urban development plans has not yet been carried out in our country. It is also difficult to deal with the environmental requirements based on the recognition of the problem and to find appropriate problem solving techniques. The purpose of this research is to provide a conceptual model and to assess of comprehensive urban development plans developed for Tehran, and to explore the bases that make the evaluation of comprehensive urban planning fragile. Therefore, the available sources and theoretical literature were reviewed and the evaluation approach, criteria and sub-criteria were identified to define the evaluation framework of the stated programs. The criteria and sub-criteria were determined by analytical-comparative methodology, with library studies and expert opinions. Then it was localized and adapted to meet the ground conditions of Iran through deep interviews with experts. Finally, the significance and application of each criteria and sub-criteria was evaluated using the questionnaire by the main custodians of comprehensive urban development programs in Tehran. The results of the evaluation in this research are based on the fact that the comprehensive urban development plans prepared for Tehran have a low logical value. In addition, the answer to the complexity problem is the main problem and the most important evaluation problem.

Applying organizational excellence models has been effective on assessment of organization’s performance in order to identify strengths, weaknesses, and organizations’ achievement to better quality and performance. Organizational excellence is subject to certain conditions, culture, internal and external environment, characteristics of organization’s human force, strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and threats that covered the organization. In this regard, identification the path of organizational excellence leads to organization’s development and success. This research aims to assess organizational excellence of Bank Shahr based on EFQM Excellence Model by using the analytic hierarchy process (AHP). This research is descriptive, field survey, and cross-sectional addressing to assess organizational excellence of Bank Shahr from perspective of Tehran branches’ managers in 2014. Statistical population includes 193 branch managers of Bank Shahr in 2014. 100 of them were selected as sample by using Cochran formula with simple random sampling. Data were collected through researcher-made questionnaire according to the Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP) and taken from the competence criteria of the European Foundation for Quality Management (EFQM) model. The validity was confirmed by professors and experts’ opinion and its reliability was confirmed by Cronbach’s alpha. To analyze data collection, AHP was used. According to the model’s criteria weight, the results indicated that the highest rank is related to strategy and policy-making, and the lowest one is related to business results at Bank Shahr.

The aim of the present research is to identify the Relational Efficiency indicators of Tehran City’s and Province’s Tax Affairs General Directorates with Data Envelope Analysis Approach (DEA). The input indicators include the number of staff, wage and salaries, the area of the real estates of offices and the output of the model is the amount of collected tax. The time period of research is 1389-1392 and the number of tax offices is 12 offices. In this study, the tax offices have been assessed and ranked based on CCR input- oriented and BCC input and output -oriented. The results indicate that the LTU and VAT of Tehran Province’s have been introduced as efficient tax offices in both models and other offices are inefficient ones. By reducing input amount and increasing output amount, they reach to the efficient boundary.

To recognize the strengths and weaknesses and level of organization’s achievement to better quality and better performance, Use of organizational excellence models for assessment the organization’s performance is effective. The purpose of this research is assessment of Tehran municipality’s human resources management based on the EFQM model.This research is a Survey with descriptive and Cross-sectional method that assesses the organizational excellence of Tehran municipality from the perspective of human resources managers of it in 1392. The Statistic society of the research was included 30 persons of human resources managers that selected by census method. The Standard questionnaire of EFQM model that has 50 questions was distributed to collecting data. The questions have been customized according to the requirements of Tehran municipality. The validity was measured by the use of expert's opinions, and its reliability was measured by Cronbach's alpha that was confirmed 0.88. Data was described and analyzed using descriptive statistics, t-test and ANOVA. In this assessment, HR managers of Tehran municipality devoted to the evaluation of 609.85 points, Enablers areas 296.34 points and field results were 311.51 points. The results indicate that the evaluation model described is an appropriate tool to identify strengths and improve the performance of Tehran Municipality Obviously the better implementation of programs and the pursuit of excellence are made possible by continued cooperation. According to the results, although the human resource managers who evaluated the quality criteria were different in education degree and work experiences; their opinions had not significant difference.

Self-assessment has developed as one of the techniques for the continuous improvement of organizations processes in recent years. Appropriate design and accurate implementation of self-assessment system in an organization allows the management to make decisions based on realities rather than relying on conjectures. Hence، an effective self-assessment model for large organizations was dealt with in this research. The statistical population of this research included all managers، internal auditors and experts of Tehran municipality among which 70 people were randomly selected as the sample. To collect the required data، a questionnaire was used. To estimate the related validity and reliability indexes، content analysis and Cronbach Alpha were run، respectively. To test the research hypotheses، Spearman Correlation Coefficient was calculated. The results showed that the suggested model for self-assessment may have significant effects through proper training.

The first step in designing any type of corruption and economic index is demonstrating the concept of that type based on required methodological commitments. Therefore, the most important task in designing the index measuring bribery can be precise definition of the concept of bribery and determining its aspects and dimensions. For this purpose, first, the vocabulary being used in Arabic language and Islamic sources including Quran and narratives about this case were studied terminologically. Second, Quran's verses and narratives from Shia's Imams reviewed for drawing those statements relating to bribery. Third, Shiite jurisprudent's commands and comments were compiled and classified. Fourth, referring to the views of Quran's interpreters and Imam's commentators beside the identification of intellectual's conduct and the reason's judgment and also applying to a jurisprudential method, a comprehensive collection of present statements were organized. The results of this research show that: 1) bribery has applicability beyond the property, 2) based on evidence bribery, in non-financial cases, refers to word, action and practice, 3) bribery can occur in various forms, 4) bribery and its prohibition does not merely assigned to judgment and includes executives and so on, 5) the intent of who offers the bribes and whom accepts the bribes influence the bribery legal sentence.

The scaling down of the government and privatization law enforcement have resulted in the assigning of activities, used to be on the government’s shoulder, to private companies and organizations. With an increase in the number of service providers in urban services section, the related companies and organizations have been involved in a competition to increase quality and derive customers’ satisfaction and take the most from the market. The current research study aims at introducing a self-assessment model playing an effective role in increasing such organizations’ customer-satisfaction. From among the auditors of the organizations for urban services in the city of Tehran, as the population of the study, 70 were randomly selected. To collect data, an already-developed questionnaire was utilized which enjoys statistically significant validity and reliability indexes. To test the hypotheses, the average test was used and the results showed that the current model for self-assessment does not have a significant effect for deriving customer satisfaction, while the model suggested in the current study is an effective one in increasing customers’ satisfaction.

Tax revenue is the most important resource of governments to fund state's current expenditures with the least undesirable economic effects. Therefore, tax administration as a collector authority should increase tax revenue by promoting taxpayers to pay their tax obligations voluntarily according to the law. Today self assessment and voluntary compliance are the most popular approach to collect the taxes effectively. This paper by the use of Jenkins and Forlemu findings provides an overview of the subject of effective factors on tax compliance and core elements of taxpayer service approach. At the same time, it has attempted to emphasize on close connection between voluntary compliance, taxpayer services and implementation of information technology products. So the paper provides a conceptual framework of voluntary compliance, typology of compliance models and service-oriented approach by using information systems. Finally it contains a discussion of the key elements of Jenkins and Forlemu's taxpayer service approach.