جستجوی مقالات مرتبط با کلیدواژه "ساختار نهادی" در نشریات گروه "مدیریت"

This study aims to develop scenario planning as a method for policy laboratories. The institutional structure of science and technology policy in Iran was selected as the case study, with in-depth, semi-structured interviews conducted with 20 experts and informants in Iranian science and technology policy. Schwartz’s eight-step scenario planning method was applied. Based on this, two key uncertainties—1) Structure (open/closed) and 2) Rules of Conduct (collaborative participation vs. contentious dispute)—were identified, leading to four scenarios: 1) Collaborative Policy Network, 2) Government System, 3) Obligation-Relief Approach, and 4) Island Structure. The outcomes of each scenario were evaluated, and the most desirable scenario, the Collaborative Policy Network, was selected. This study demonstrates that scenario planning, a widely used method in foresight studies, can also function as a policy laboratory by assessing the potential consequences of a policy. It is recommended that science and technology policymakers evaluate policy outcomes in a policy laboratory through methods like scenario planning before implementing them broadly and subjecting them to public trial and error.

The institutional structure of science and technology policy-making has been the focus of scholars in recent decades. Despite the importance of this issue in Iran, the turbulence of the institutional structure has meant the multiplicity of policy makers and their ineffective interactions have caused a great deal of criticism among scholars. In this study, firstly, through the policy documents of science and technology and interviews with 20 experts in this field in Iran, the status of the institutional structure of science and technology policy making in Iran at national level is explained. Then, in order to get out of the current situation and based on the views of experts, two scenarios have been proposed as an improved structure of science and technology policy making in Iran is based on the OECD model in three stages of "formulating national policies and priorities"; "designing programs and policies"; and "policy evaluation". The two main presuppositions in designing these scenarios have been to avoid eliminating policy makers, at least in the short term, and to avoid establishing a new institution in this field. It is worth noting that these scenarios are designed as transitional scenarios from the current situation to the desired situation

Along with the global attention to the specific importance of knowledge in recent decades, all Iran policy makers and planners also agree on it and emphasize that it is necessary to be «knowledge-based» but lack of proper understanding of the "status quo" and "desirable situation" has challenged Iran in terms of policy-making and planning for being «knowledge-based». The purpose of this study is filling the epistemic vacuum related to these two categories, improving recognition of institutional prerequisites of knowledgization, and investigation of one of it's institutional causal relations with a concentration on the position of scientists and innovators in society. For this purpose, using Institutionalism as a theoretical framework and Historical-Comparative method, first, the position of scientists and innovators is investigated in industrial countries both before and after of «knowledgization» of the society and with comparing these two periods, the evolution of scientists and innovators position in society during the process of «knowledgization» is explained. Then, using some historical facts, the position of scientists and innovators in past of Iran (after The Golden Age of Islamic Culture and Civilization to the victory of Islamic revolution) is investigated. Finally, based on the findings of previous parts, some points and recommendations have been made to more effective policy-making and planning for «knowledgization» of the society.