جستجوی مقالات مرتبط با کلیدواژه « کشورهای در حال توسعه » در نشریات گروه « مدیریت »

The present study examine the impact of export diversity on income distribution. This study investigate the selected developing countries during 2013 to 2017. Export diversification index is used for measuring export diversity and gini coefficient is used for measuring income distribution. The model is estimated in panel data framework using feasible generalized least squares method. The results of the present study show that with increasing export diversity, gini coefficient decreases and income distribution improves. Also, per capita income, human capital, foreign direct investment and trade openness have a negative and significant effect on gini coefficient and the effect of industrialization on g gini coefficient is insignificant. According to the results, developing countries can improve income distribution by moving towards export diversification.

Covid_19 pandemic is the most important issue that the world is facing with which directly effects human and even animal health. In addition to its irreparable effects on human health, this disease has had many economic social and environmental effects on the world and has alleviate the quality of human life. This essay proposes five main solutions for the world after Covid_19. Authors first recommend economic redistribution by advising to avoid a development model concentrated on cumulative economic growth then the importance of regenerative agriculture, protection of environment, reduction of consumption as well as unnecessary travel and forgiveness of debts at the international level as the key solutions for the world post covid-19 to deal with current risks. After reviewing each solution, we suggestions for further research are presented.

Corruption is a nasty economic, political, and cultural phenomenon that has many consequences in developed and developing countries. Therefore, the aim of this study is to investigate the moderating role of quality of bureaucracy in the relationship between government size and corruption in developing countries. Using an unbalanced panel data approach, the study examined the impact of government size on corruption in 118 developing countries from 2003 to 2017, given the moderating role of bureaucracy. Moreover, the variables of economic freedom and the percentage of the population under 15 years of age were used as control variables. The results of model estimation showed that the government size has a negative and significant impact on the corruption perception index score, which means that by increasing each unit of the government size, the corruption perception index score decreases  by 0.382. As well, the quality of bureaucracy has a positive and significant impact on corruption perception, which means that by increasing one unit of the quality of bureaucracy, corruption perception index score increases by 0.782. Finally, the quality of bureaucracy, as a moderating variable in the relationship between government size and corruption, has a positive and significant impact. Therefore, in order to reduce corruption in the developing government, the size of the government must be reduced and the quality of the bureaucracy must be improved.

The popularity of "public-private partnerships" to develop public services and infrastructure since the 1990s is increasing. At this point, private-sector thinking and market-based criteria were applied to provide public goods and services. Public-private partnerships have been also introduced in the field of health, which has specific characteristics and sensitivities. While partnership supporters believe the mechanism has several benefits, its opponents claim that there are limited benefits and they come at a high cost. According to the growing needs, we wonder how these kinds of partnerships could be effective in setting health sector development strategies; especially in developing countries. In the current study, besides reviewing the theoretical foundations of the subject in “New public management”; we analyze the context, motivations, and success factors, as well as, challenges of applying them, especially in developing countries. Moreover, by investigating the advocates and opponents' point of view, the evidence and also the criticisms which have been obtained after years of implementing participatory policy in several countries, we come to a cautious and conscious framework to adopt and implement the PPP strategy, to have satisfactory performance. Also with an emphasis on respect for the values of efficiency, representation, and justice in the delivery of public services; it is in line with the general policies of our country's health system.

The purpose of this study is to investigate and analysis the impact of the business environment on the Development of Entrepreneurship and Economic Growth. Using equations system (2 sls) and Panel data method during the 2010-2015 for 20 developing countries by higher than average income, has been carried out. In this study of the two regression equation has been used in the equation for the economic growth of entrepreneurial indicator variables , foreign direct investment , labour and fix capital and in the equation for the entrepreneurship indicator from variables of business regulations index and the government expenditure on education and the economic growth rate is used. Research findings illustrate that business regulations index indirectly and entrepreneurial index, foreign direct investment, labour and fix capital directly have significant and positive impact on the economic growth. Where as business regulations indicator and the government expenditure on education show significant and positive impact on entrepreneurship in research sample.

including countries; Argentina, Azerbaijan, Bahrain, Bangladesh, Belarus, Brazil, Chile, China, Colombia, India, Indonesia, Iran, Kazakhstan, Mexico, Morocco, Pakistan, Russia, Romania, Thailand, Tunisia, Turkey, Uruguay. The panel model framework was used to analyze the data, which showed the results of the first model estimates; The logarithm of the broad definition of money has a negative and significant effect, the logarithm of the ratio of stock value to GDP has a negative and significant effect and per capita production also has a positive and significant effect on health costs. Also, the results of the second model estimates showed that the logarithm of the broad definition of money has a negative and significant effect, the logarithm of the ratio of stock value to GDP has a negative and significant effect and per capita production has a positive and significant effect on educational costs. Finally, the results of the third model estimates showed that the logarithm of the broad definition of money has a negative and significant impact, the logarithm of the ratio of stock value to GDP has a negative and significant impact and per capita production also has a negative and significant impact on military and defense spending. have.

Intellectual property system (IPS) can be defined as the set of institutions and rules involved in the design, implementation, and enforcement of intellectual property in a national economy. Intellectual property system as a main subsystem of the national innovation system potentially is a powerful tool for innovation policies in every country with different developmental level. However, due to differences in the nature and function of the national innovation system in developing countries vs. developed countries, intellectual property system must be proportionate to the developmental level and innovation capacities in these countries. In this paper, after reviewing the history of the evolution of intellectual property system in Iran and describing its main components, SWOT method has been used to analyze strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and threats of the current intellectual property system. Finally, policy suggestions for further conformity between the intellectual property system and the national innovation system in Iran are presented and discussed in detail.

of the main issues in the developing countries is the correct management of the exchange rate, so that less or more evaluation than the equilibrium exchange rate causes instability and imbalances in macroeconomics, especially in the field of exports and imports, the general level of prices And financial markets. Hence, economic policymakers are seeking solutions that will enable them to steer the exchange rate in the right direction. The most important of these factors is inflation. this study, the effect of inflation targeting policy on exchange rate management in the selected developing countries during the period 2000-2017 by the method of panel data has been investigated. Experimental results showed that the deviation of inflation from its target rate caused real exchange rate deviations from its equilibrium level. Also, changes in the rate of inflation in the outside world, changes in the nominal exchange rate and current account balance changes lead to a deviation of the exchange rate from its equilibrium level, but the effects of changes in capital flow on the exchange rate deviation from its equilibrium level were not statistically significant. But interactive effects showed that the inflation targeting policy played a significant role in measuring the impact of changes in the nominal exchange rate, domestic inflation and external inflation on real exchange rate deviations from Its balance rate. But this policy leads to a significant reduction in the role of current account and capital account changes in increasing the real exchange rate deviations from its equilibrium level.

In spite of development of public policy analysis in health domain in developed countries and its widespread use, its application is still in its infancy in the developing countries. In this article, based on the narrative review of articles published from 1994 to 2017 on health policy analysis in these countries, their thematic scope, methodological and analytical approach are analytically reviewed. This article provides a platform to assist researchers to develop this field by examining the methodological and analytical pitfalls, as well this study aimed at encouraging the health policy researchers to focus more on this research area. All relevant articles were identified according to five predefined search priorities. 15 articles fall into the review inclusion criteria and then they were studied and analyzed. The selected articles were small in number but varied in the scope. The majority of studies provided description of some episode of policy change. They explained a conceptual ordering among lots of influencing factors or tested a set of predefined hypothesis, regardless of exploring the reason behind health policy changes (policy process). In addition, most of the studies adopted a single case study design and had significant analytical weaknesses. As well, from the points of analytical reviewing, most of them were descriptive- analytical instead of being exploratory in nature. However, understanding factors influencing health policy process and the results of policy change deeply can strengthen future policy development and implementation. This study showed that the efforts made in developing countries to explain changes in health policy process have been limited. So, future qualitative studies with a rigorous study designs are needed to develop current theories or coming up with new ones with the aim of providing a better understanding of health policy process in developing countries. Health policy researchers are encouraged to study the health policy process as a whole, using inductive research approaches, to develop new theories rich in exploratory power or to localize current theories in consistence with national contextual requirement.

This paper investigates the status of corporate governance (CG) in Iran’s state-owned enterprises (SOEs). It adopts an interpretive case study approach and is based on an in-depth study of Iranian SOEs. We examine the current state of CG systems in SOEs, and through drawing upon institutional theory (namely the concepts of institutional logics and institutional entrepreneurship), study the reasons behind the perceived failure of CG in the examined context. Our findings provide a multi-level conceptualization of the failure of CG in SOEs, and identify four mutually constitutive factors – state, educators and experts, organizational field, and individualist culture – that collectively underpin this process. The key contributions of our study include offering a refreshed view of CG in Iranian SOEs, hence contributing to the corporate governance literature in developing economies. Additionally, through extending the concept of importation, along with institutional logics and institutional entrepreneurship to CG studies in developing economies, we provide an alternative theoretical framework using which studies of similar nature could be conducted. Finally, policymakers and practitioners can benefit from the proposed recommendations and improve the CG implementation process in SOEs.

Considering the broad approach of innovation and the with respect to the innovation development depending on social, economic, institutional of a region as well as path dependency, one of the basic principles of regional innovation policy is the lack of compatibility of policies of successful regions in other regions due to different policy context and path dependence. In developing countries such as Iran, due to the wide variety of cultural and territorial conditions, the importance of this issue is increasing. On the other hand, considering the increasing attention of policy makers to the issues of regional innovation development, such as the development of strategic plan for the development of provincial science and technology, correct understanding of this concept, as well as a conceptual framework is needed to allow for appropriate policy analysis and suggestions. In this research, in addition to explaining the cognitive map of knowledge in this area, the conceptual framework (IDCR) as well as its components, is described.

International business development is important for economic growth and development. Nowadays, early-stage entrepreneurs enter foreign markets as well as large companies. Institutional theory focuses on the interaction between institutions and organizations and one group of factors that affect international entrepreneurship is institutions. On the other hand, the weakness of institutions can be compensated by organizational mechanisms. Concerning the weakness of institutions in developing countries, this research aims to study the impact of institutional factors on the internationalization of early-stage entrepreneurs in developing economies by considering the interaction between institutions and risk taking as an organizational mechanism. Descriptive-correlational method is used in this study. For this purpose, secondary data are used and data for 59 developing countries are collected from international reports which present economic and entrepreneurial indices of countries based on survey data. Data are modeled using structural equation approach by SmartPLS3 software. Results indicate that the rate of international entrepreneurship is positively affected by conducive institutions. In addition, findings of this study show that in the countries where entrepreneurs are more risk taking, the impacts of regulatory and cognitive institutions on international entrepreneurship are negatively moderated.

Increase in the complexity of non-oil export to achieve higher economic growth rate is very significant. There has not been any research and study regarding the measurement of complexity of non-oil trade index within the country and the only research is done by Harvard university researchers and MTI which the results are not consistent with the export division facts in Iran and international organizations studies. In this study, it is attempted to first calculate the amount of complexity of country’s non-oil export and analyze it comparing to its global trend and then to identify key drivers of non-oil export complexities in the country. To do this the statistics of non-oil export from 146 countries with three digits SITC code s detachments during 1996-2014 has been taken into consideration. The finding were not consistent with research studies of world economic complexities atlas and clearly express the fact that during recent years the amount of non-oil export complexities has increased by 3.5 percent annually. The other point is that almost 90 percent of export complexity annual growth rate is based on process industries development (With Medium technology). This refers to the fact quantitative increase in non-oil export is due to Industries reliant on normal comparative advantage. Decent understanding of changes, helps managers and governmental authorities to set appropriate policies to increase the complexity of reliant export on comparative advantage such as having educated work force.

During last decades a large amount of efforts have been done by emerging economies and new industrialized countries in order to and acquiring essential knowledge and technological capabilities for manufacturing and developing complex products and systems (CoPS). As an example, Iran has been doing a lot of efforts in order to acquire essential knowledge, skills and capabilities for manufacturing and upgrading gas turbines and it achieved pleasant and remarkable results. So, this paper aims at investigating the pattern of building and accumulating technological capabilities of manufacturing gas turbines by an Iranian latecomer firm named Oil Turbo Compressor Company (OTC) through applying qualitative approach and case study strategy. The findings show that, the pattern of building and acquiring technological capabilities of manufacturing gas turbines in OTC includes three stages: 1) Buying, assembling and exploiting imported gas turbines; 2) Co-manufacturing gas turbines under license; and 3) Independently manufacturing and producing gas turbines under sanction. In addition, the evolution and dynamism of technology acquisition strategies and technology learning mechanisms in each stage of mentioned pattern have been presented.

This manuscript illustrates how the human resource management concept of employee empowerment likely has benefits in both developed and developing economies. Studies in the hospitality sector and the manufacturing sector in Canada, India, and Turkey show that, in general, empowering supervisory behaviors, such as transformational leadership, increase feelings of psychological empowerment of employees, both in turn having positive associations with valued individual work outcomes. Practical implications of these findings are offered.

An indication of the development of any society is the business which is set up and managed by women entrepreneurs. Women's participation in economic activities has a key role not only in the development of women's capabilities and skills, but also in economic and social development. In this paper, the impact of women population, man population, income and inflation on the business environment index were studied for the 7 selected developing countries (inclouding Iran) during the period 2006 to 2013. The empirical results from employing panel cointegration method with Dynamic Ordinary Least Squares (DOLS) technique show that men and women population have a positive impact on the business environment index. This means that women alongside men play a significant role in improving the business environment; however, the impact of the female population is smaller than the male population, which is entirely consistent with the country's business environment.The female population plays a key role in the business environment of Iranian economy.

The most important aim of this study is to propose a model for protecting citizens’ information privacy in e-Government for developing countries. This study develops theoretical foundations and models of e-Government in judicial-legal dimension. The methodology of this study is qualitative including documentary study, content analysis and comparative study. Statistical population of this study includes 58 countries with information privacy act which 11 countries were selected by judgment sampling for documentary study. These countries include:, England, Canada, France, Germany, Spain, Italy, Norway, Sweden, Ireland, Belgium and Republic of Korea. Proposed model of this study includes seven dimensions: (1) data collection obligations, (2) data use obligations, (3) data retention obligations, (4) data disclosure obligations, (5) data subject rights, (6) controller responsibilities and (7) obligations of accessing to data by citizen. Of 124 identified obligations for protecting citizens’ information privacy in e-Government as indexes of these dimensions, 105 obligations have a weight over 0.5 and can be a pattern for developing countries in order to regulate the e-Government development in the in the field of citizens’ information privacy protection as standard principles. It is hoped that the proposed model of this study would help developing countries in order to protect citizens’ information privacy in e-Government.