جستجوی مقالات مرتبط با کلیدواژه « Arabs » در نشریات گروه « علوم انسانی »

The book “Arabs and Iranians in the Islamic Conquest Narrative” is a specialized work that delves into the events known as the Arab conquests of Iran. However, its translation was undertaken by a translator unfamiliar with the basic principles of history, resulting in a text rife with glaring errors. This chapter aims to highlight the numerous flaws and deficiencies in the translation of the book, to illustrate to non-specialist readers and enthusiasts the potential scientific disasters that can ensue when one ventures into specialized fields without even a basic understanding of the relevant principles. The author of these lines hopes that this example will serve as a lesson to them.

The objective of the present research is to explore the grounds for Arab convergence with the Zionist regime against Iran, based on Stephen Walt's Balance of Threat theory. The research method is descriptive-analytical, and the results indicate that the Arabs, emphasizing Iran's security threats, have developed their relations with the Zionist regime for reasons including American support for normalizing relations, the Arabs' involvement in internal crises, the weakening of Iran's anti-Zionist ideology, the existence of rifts among Arab countries, and changes in the regional power balance through various military, political, and economic collaborations. They consider the behavioral pattern of threat balancing as the best approach towards the Islamic Republic of Iran. It seems that the normalization of relations between the Arabs and the Zionist regime, like other conspiracies by the Western-Hebrew-Arab triangle in recent decades, will ultimately fail. This plot will not be a concerning issue because sooner or later, it will lead to the disgrace of countries aligned with the Zionist regime and the collapse of these artificial relationships. Given that normalization of relations, at best, will not extend beyond the level of state relations with the Zionist regime, it is suggested that the Islamic Republic of Iran maintain active diplomacy to keep the issue of Palestine alive and remind the Arab governments to heed the voices of their peoples who oppose normalization with the occupying Zionist regime.

The aim of the present research is to examine the political power of the Prophet of Islam (PBUH) during his mission in Mecca. The research is based on the hypothesis that the Prophet, from the early days of his mission until his last days in Mecca, was on the path of creating and consolidating a glorious power and authority to promote and institutionalize the religion of Islam and its moral virtues. The presentation of Islam and the placement of the condition of accepting the guardianship of the Prophet by non-Muslims, the use of tribal power on the path of Islam, employing influential individuals and powerful figures in the mission path, and attracting and utilizing the power of various factions such as Quraish and Adnanites indicate his unique view on power. This research examines the realistic view of the Prophet of Islam on power. The research issue is analyzed not from the perspective of the legitimacy of the Prophet's power but rather from the perspective of the Prophet as a human being and an ordinary human who had to produce the necessary power to achieve a sacred goal. The research method is descriptive-analytical, and the results show that firstly, the Prophet's view of power and its production was not pessimistic; secondly, power was a tool for the Prophet to achieve high and lofty goals, and in itself, power had no value for him; thirdly, the Prophet had his principles and foundations for achieving power, including never using unethical means to achieve power.

The movement and migration of Shiites to other lands, outside of the Arabian Peninsula, took place following events such as the support of the rulers of different regions, the strictness of the Umayyad and Abbasid rulers, etc., and caused the spread of Shiite thought in other regions such as Iran and Iraq. Of course, their differences - the Shiites - with the Umayyad and Abbasid caliphs intensified this process. The region that we know today as Lorestan is one of the regions that have always been Shiite bases and centers, and today the residents of this region are all followers of the Shiite religion. With a passing reference to the historical background of Lorestan, this article deals with the influence of Shiism and its expansion in this geographical region of Iran and tries to find an answer to the question of what factors were the factors influencing the acceptance of Shiism and the ways of its expansion in Lorestan? The results of the research show that the immigration of Alawites, the increase in the arrival of Imam-Zadegan and Sadat to different regions of Iran, including Lorestan, following the migration of Imam Reza (AS), the proximity of Lorestan to the Shiite areas of Iraq, the migration of some Arab groups. , the special geographical conditions of the region, and in the following years, the domination of the Mongols over the Islamic lands were among the reasons for the expansion of Shiism in Lorestan.

Obviously, the Sasanian era is one of the most magnificent historical periods of Iran. However, the collapse of the Sasanian Empire and the migration of thousands of Sasanian musicians and artists along with the royal dynasty (Yazdgerd III) became a new chapter in the influence of Iranian art on China and then on Silla and Japan. The title of this article deals with a critical note on “based golden cup” of the Asian Civilization Museum of Singapore. This cup has been called the “golden shipwreck” object, attributed to the Tang period China, in scholarly published works. The object has been the subject of articles, catalogs, conferences, extensive media and even political programs abroad. The cup reflects eight musicians with eight different musical instruments in hands; each dancer-musician is separated from the next by a string of pearls. According to reports, the golden shipwreck cup was found from a sunken Chinese ship near Sumatra Island (Indonesia); the date of this event is attributed to the Tang period, the sixth century AD. Also, the destination of the ship has been announced to be Iran, but later the creator of this story changed it to Baghdad during the period (9th AD.) of the early Arab caliphs! In this paper, challenging this story, the author will evaluate this work as a fake object!

The constant selection of Tisphoon in Āsōristān state as capital by the Sasanid emperors showed the importance of this region in their governance system. The construction of new cities and the development of urban infrastructures, such as water structures, and promotion of agriculture by the Sasanids show that they paid special attention to the political-economic role of Āsōristān cities. Hence, it is important to investigate the political-economic situation of this region, particularly in the last half century of the Sasanid dynasty, which finally led to the fall of this dynasty. This research using library sources and descriptive analytical method, seeks to find an answer to this question: what effect did the political -economic situation of the Āsōristān state with Madā’en as capital have on the fall and conquest of it by Muslim Arabs? The findings show that different wars, the diseases such as plague, and floods destroyed vital parts of the Sassanid irrigation system and consequently decreased government revenues. Economic decline led to the downfall of imperial military force, too. On the other hand, the change in the demographic composition of the state due to the migration of ethnic groups or change of people’s religion had negative effects on the Iranians’ resistance. Many residents of the cities, especially the peasants, were forced to compromise and cooperate with the Arabs in order to improve their livelihoods or maintain their privileges..

Beyond the central deserts of Iran, Sistān and Khorāsān formed the eastern states of the Sasanian Empire, which were considered rich and economically prosperous states at the time. On the other hand, although the neighborhood with the eastern nomadic tribes the dangers it posed to their inhabitants but had given them a strategic aspect. Besides, it affected the events of these states extremely. Hence, the Economic, Political, and social situation studies of this region, particularly in the last half-century of the Sasanian dynasty, which finally ended in the downfall of their dynasty, can be considered important. The present study intends to find out the effects that the Economic, Political, and social situation of the Sasanian eastern states had on the fall and conquest there by the Muslim Arabs based on library resources using a descriptive-analytical research method. The research findings suggested that the invasion of nomads and forced migrations to the eastern Sasanian states caused diversity in the demographic composition; there. This factor, along with their lack of political and economic dependence on the central government, doubled the incentive for achieving power among local rulers; Eventually, they caused the fall of the Sasanian dynasty.

This qualitative research was conducted with the aim of providing a model of the role of Arab-Israeli peace on the security and interests of the Islamic Republic of Iran. This study is a type of qualitative research that was conducted using the foundational data theory. 12 interviews were conducted with professors of Tehran universities in international relations and political sciences. The result of these interviews was a set of primary themes that were compiled during the process of open coding and categories were extracted from them; Then, in the phase of core coding, the link between these categories was determined under the headings: causal conditions, core phenomenon, strategies, contextual factors, intervening conditions and consequences affecting the security of the Islamic Republic of Iran in the form of a core coding paradigm; In the following and in the selective coding stage, the course of the story was drawn. The results showed that the causal factors affecting the security and interests of the Islamic Republic of Iran are: governance needs, national power strengthening needs, security needs, information needs, religious needs. The strategies related to the research subject include three types of actions at the national level, regional actions and international actions. Inadequate official neighborhood communication, government structural features, limited mutual interactions, lack of strategic plans were identified as intervening factors, and the features of the West Asian (geographical) region, religious features, socio-cultural features are background factors affecting security. and the interests of the Islamic Republic of Iran

Southwest Asia, as one of the territorial areas prone to various events, in recent decades, has been pregnant with various events and the Islamic Republic of Iran, as a country with a strategic position that is exposed to many threats at the national, national and transnational levels, due to Being in the heart of this region and playing an effective role will be affected by all these events.This article uses Copenhagen security theory and other theories in the field of geopolitics and international relations (separation of powers, balance of threats, etc.) and the question of what counter-security effects the process of normalization of Arab-Israeli relations can have on the national security of the republic. To have an Islamic Iran? Using descriptive-survey method and using library resources, 10 major threats of this long-standing tension and its security consequences against the national security of the Islamic Republic of Iran were counted. And the threat of breaking the ugliness of establishing official relations with the Zionist regime was at the top of the threats stemming from the normalization of relations between the Arabs and the Zionist regime against the national security of the Islamic Republic of Iran.

The Abraham Accords was concluded the aim of normalizing relations between the Arab states and Israel at the initiative of Donald Trump in order to curb Iran's strategies. Iran's geographical proximity to Arab countries and Israel in West Asia and Iran's military power are considered to be the factors behind the signing of the Ibrahim Pact. The necessity of strengthening and consolidating the Ibrahim Pact provided the ground for the foreign ministers of Egypt, the UAE, Bahrain and the Maghreb to meet in the Negev in the south of occupied Palestine. This meeting has been arranged for the purpose of consolidating this agreement, resolving differences between the members, and also reaching an understanding to reach a joint statement on how Iran's regional behavior will be and prevent Iran's influence. In this research, an attempt is made to evaluate the theoretical approach in the threat balance model, the contexts, goals and strategic effects of the Negev meeting on the Ibrahim Treaty. Therefore, the main question is: What impact has the Negev meeting had on the Ibrahim Pact from a strategic point of view? The results of the research show that the Negev meeting, from a strategic point of view, seeks to consolidate and consolidate the Abraham Pact and redefine the new order of the Arab and Israeli governments in confronting Iran in the turbulent region of West Asia. This research has used the analytical descriptive research method and has chosen the theoretical model of threat balance as its theoretical framework.

In the Sassanid era, religion became the government and political and social structure was one-sided, religion was completely at the service of politics. The corrupt system of Mobdan justified the actions and behaviors of the oppressive kings, the class system and the shortcomings of the Sassanid era society. They faced a comprehensive and complete religion that emphasized equality, justice and equality. This research aims to investigate the religious factors of the defeat of the Sassanids against the Muslim Arabs with a critical approach using a descriptive-analytical method and using library sources and existing documents. Therefore, based on the results of the research, the religious factors that were effective in the defeat of the Iranians from the Arabs can be pointed to the chaotic conditions of the Sassanid era, the influence and power of the clerics or Mughans in the Sassanid era. Regarding the religion of Zoroastrianism in the Sassanid period, it should be known that this religion revolved around one axis of the Avesta book. This book was not a book containing mere religious rules, but had the status of a large encyclopedia, which included various sciences and also the clergy of the Zoroastrian religion. They were removed from the initial state. Iranshahri thought, the occurrence of wars such as Dhi Qar, religious policies of Sassanid clerics against Jews and Christians, and the emergence of Islam, are among the religious and religious factors effective in the defeat of the Sassanids from the Arabs.

Following the collapse of the Ottoman Empire and the establishment of Israel, the regional crisis in the Middle East reached its peak and the Arab-Israeli conflict became one of the main issues of the Middle East. However, some Arab countries are affected by various factors such as Arab nationalism, internal and regional crises, the balance of power in the region, identity issues, the occurrence of the Islamic Revolution in Iran, the formation of Arab unrest since 2011, and finally Iran's nuclear agreement with the so-called 5+1. According to the JCPOA, they have always shown different positions towards Israel, all of which were derived from their national interests. The Arab countries that seek to expand their relations with Israel are influenced by their national interests to make this type of decision in the field of their foreign policy. Have adopted considering the fundamental conflict that has existed between the Arabs and Israel since the establishment of Israel in 1948, the issue of normalizing relations between them has become important since the peace treaty between Egypt and Israel in 1978. This issue received more attention when Saudi Arabia, UAE, Bahrain, Sudan and Morocco normalized relations with Israel within just a few months. Here, the main question is, “Why are Israel and the Arab countries moving towards the normalization of relations despite the existence of differences with each other?” In this research, the analytical-explanatory method has been used to answer this question, and library sources have also been used to collect data. The findings of the research indicate that these governments have taken steps towards the normalization of relations with each other due to the existence of common threats and common interests, in fact, this action can be explained under the theory of neorealism. Under the influence of a series of internal, regional, and international factors centered on national interests, as well as Donald Trump's efforts in line with the so-called Middle East peace plan, these governments have normalized relations with each other and have moved towards cooperation in order to better secure their national interests.

The commentators differ in the interpretation of the verse 106 of Sūrat al-Baqara - known as the abrogation verse. This verse often implies the abrogation of legal rulings or the revocation of Sharī‘a laws or the change of Muslims’ Qibla. But these cases can only be documented for the generality of the verse and will not be the direct referent of the verse. With reliance on intratextual evidences (context and verses of similar subject in other sūras), we can reach another perusal of this verse. In this research, according to the main purpose included in the context of this verse, the main concepts aligned with it are obtained. By tracking them throughout the Qur’an, it becomes clear that such concepts exist in two contexts with the same theme in Sūrat al-Nisā and al-Jum‘a. Finally, by comparing the data and analyzing them, the direct referent of the abrogation verse is obtained, which is completely different from the common views.

Alexander is one of the most important and ambiguous mythological characters of Iranian history and culture that has undergone extensive changes and taken new forms under the influence of grand epistemological narratives (archi-myth) in the Greek, Iranian and Islamic worlds. One of the efficient cultural strategies of Muslims is the use of archi-myths by borrowing them from the myths of other nations in order to explain and confirm religious concepts and teachings. The results of the present research show that the poverty of mythological contents among the Arabs of the pre-Islamic period, the rise of the translation movement in the first A.H. centuries, the emergence of the second wave of Hellenism and Alexander's mythical behaviors paved the way for the formation of a new personality of Alexander in the Islamic world, and Alexander was introduced as Dhu al-Qarnayn in the interpretation texts of Quran. In the world of Islam, the myth of Alexander did not have a clear concept at first, but it gradually found its own characteristics and through the generally religious codes, it reached an independent concept in the middle ages, which has continued with changes until now. By using analytical-comparative method, the present research at first attempts to examine "archi-myths" and then to find why Alexander, as a archi-myth, has been center of attention for Muslims.

The relationship between Iranians and Arabs dates back to prehistoric times, ie to the mythical period, which expanded in the Achaemenid period and deepened in the Sassanid period., Their cultural, social and economic extent.

This article is based on library studies and has been done in a descriptive-analytical manner.

In the pre-Islamic period, the Arabs had more or less extensive relations with the Iranians, but the Arab invasion and the arrival of Islam in Iran had many effects on the social, political, cultural and economic situation in Iran, especially on the Iranian religion instead of. However, the fledgling Islamic state could not be deprived of the experience and skills of Muslim Iranians in government and court affairs. The use of Arabic language to enter into social and political affairs, encouraging Islam to learn, historical dynasties, etc. The influence of Arabic language in Persian increases.

Bilateral migration and migration, border cities, Iranian uprisings against Arabs, Iranians 'efforts to learn Arabic for religious and political reasons, Arabs' need for Iranians in governance, science and the formation of courts, the introduction of Iranian wisdom and advice to Arabic literature, Translation movement, etc. are among the important components in the influence of Arabic and Persian culture and literature on each other. Arabic was the language of the Qur'an and the religion of Islam, and the Iranians had no choice but to learn Arabic by accepting the religion of Islam. On the other hand, some Iranians, for other reasons, such as getting involved in politics and struggle, began to learn the Arabic language, and as a result, many Arabic words, phrases, and expressions became available in Persian through the Qur'an and the religion of Islam; And of course many words entered the Arabic language; The words that have been translated from Persian to Arabic are mostly related to the civilizational, cultural and political fields, and most of the words that Persian borrowed from Arabic are related to the religious field.

The relationship between Iranians and Arabs dates back to prehistoric times, ie to the mythical period, which expanded in the Achaemenid period and deepened in the Sassanid period., Their cultural, social and economic extent.

This article is based on library studies and has been done in a descriptive-analytical manner.

In the pre-Islamic period, the Arabs had more or less extensive relations with the Iranians, but the Arab invasion and the arrival of Islam in Iran had many effects on the social, political, cultural and economic situation in Iran, especially on the Iranian religion instead of. However, the fledgling Islamic state could not be deprived of the experience and skills of Muslim Iranians in government and court affairs. The use of Arabic language to enter into social and political affairs, encouraging Islam to learn, historical dynasties, etc. The influence of Arabic language in Persian increases.

Bilateral migration and migration, border cities, Iranian uprisings against Arabs, Iranians 'efforts to learn Arabic for religious and political reasons, Arabs' need for Iranians in governance, science and the formation of courts, the introduction of Iranian wisdom and advice to Arabic literature, Translation movement, etc. are among the important components in the influence of Arabic and Persian culture and literature on each other. Arabic was the language of the Qur'an and the religion of Islam, and the Iranians had no choice but to learn Arabic by accepting the religion of Islam. On the other hand, some Iranians, for other reasons, such as getting involved in politics and struggle, began to learn the Arabic language, and as a result, many Arabic words, phrases, and expressions became available in Persian through the Qur'an and the religion of Islam; And of course many words entered the Arabic language; The words that have been translated from Persian to Arabic are mostly related to the civilizational, cultural and political fields, and most of the words that Persian borrowed from Arabic are related to the religious field.

The purpose of this study is to examine the political and social situation in Central Asia before the arrival of Muslim Arabs. The research method of this work is descriptive and analytical and library information collection. Question of this research What was the political and social situation in Central Asia before the arrival of Muslim Arabs? In this study, we aimed to study the situation in this region in the period before the Arab invasion in the political and social fields. In answer to this question, it can be said that Central Asia did not enjoy full political independence at that time due to the invasion of this land by various invaders, and it has undergone many changes and transformations in terms of society. The purpose of this study is to examine the political and social situation in Central Asia before the arrival of Muslim Arabs. The research method of this work is descriptive and analytical and library information collection. Question of this research What was the political and social situation in Central Asia before the arrival of Muslim Arabs? In this study, we aimed to study the situation in this region in the period before the Arab invasion in the political and social fields. In answer to this question, it can be said that Central Asia did not enjoy full political independence at that time due to the invasion of this land by various invaders, and it has undergone many changes and transformations in terms of society.

The Israeli regime has always been dissatisfied with the lack of space and geographic confinement on the shores of the Mediterranean Sea, and this regime needs to institutionalize the Iranophobic approach in order to consolidate its strategic depth and have more relations with the Arab countries. Establishing a close and strategic relationship between the Arabs and Israel brings this regime closer to Iran's borders, because it enables Israel to border Iran's maritime and territorial waters indirectly. Being close to the border with Iran means ease in surveillance, eavesdropping and information espionage.The main question of the research is what effect does the process of normalizing relations between Arabs and Israel have on the national security of the Islamic Republic of Iran? (problem); The research method is qualitative and the data collection tool is in the form of questionnaires, the main problem is analyzed with an analytical-documentary approach (method); The normalization of Arab-Israeli relations affects Iran's national security from various angles, which include factors such as the weakening of Iran's regional allies, the development and expansion of America's presence and influence in the region, the lack of regime formation and Stable security arrangements in the Middle East are the disruption of the balance of power structure and the growth of radical and extremist groups in the region (findings);

The Berbers, along with the Arabs, played an important role in the conquest of Andalusia, and after the conquest of Andalusia, many Moroccans, especially the Berbers, left for Andalusia. The Andalusian society was formed during the period of conquests from conflicting elements in religious and cultural beliefs, and it was not long before interactions were established between the conquerors in the social and livelihood fields. What is the social status of the Berbers in Andalusian society and how did they participate in the administrative organization? The main question of the present article. Descriptive-analytical reports from historical sources confirm that the conquest of the Andalusians brought the Berbers and Arabs closer together in various social, administrative, linguistic, and lexical fields. The barbarians lived and mingled with the Arabs in some parts of Andalusia, and even took on administrative duties such as scribes, ascetics, oppressors, and provincial governors.

With its rich cultural and civilizational background, Iran has always interacted with cultures that have had a great impact on other lands, cultures, and civilizations. In this regard, Iranian customs and traditions have influenced the culture, traditions, and customs of the Arabs in various ways. Therefore, with a descriptive-analytical approach based on library data and Wilhelm Schmidt’s concept of cultural dissemination, this research sought to find an answer to the question of how the Arabs adapted Iranian customs and came under the influence of Iranian customs and traditions, especially in the fields of entertainment, food, and clothing. The findings of this study showed that the richness of Iranian culture, geographical proximity, court relations, and sometimes war caused the Arabs in general and the caliphs in particular to adapt items, such as entertainment, food, and clothing from Iranian customs and traditions. This cultural spread, which was associated with communication and desire, gradually created new customs and traditions to replace the older ones. In this process, the useful elements of the borrowing culture might be lost and the strengths of the dominant culture might be adapted by the adapting culture, thus correcting its weaknesses.

After the conquest of Iran, the Arab community confronted a systematic and complex set of governments. However, their temperaments and habits of living in the desert did not agree with the government and court customs. After the conquest of civilized lands, especially Iran, they were influenced by the Iranian kings’ special customs. They passed through the simple lifestyle of Sheikhin's time and turned to the glory of Khosravan court of Iran. The caliphate became so similar to the Iranians both in terms of customs and culture and their court that Iran’s titles, customs, and culture penetrated into their lives. This encouraged the author to explore the theory of cultural dissemination presented by Wilhelm Schmidt, who was a German anthropologist, through a descriptive-analytical research by using library data based on the first and second categories of sources. The most important question in this study was how the Arabs were influenced by the Iranian people’s customs and traditions, especially in the field of entertainment and if food and clothing were included in this process. The richness of Iranian culture, geographical proximity, trade, court relations, and sometimes war caused this cultural spread to take place willingly and gradually.

In this research, library, documentary, and field study methods were applied to analyze the influence of Arabs on Iranian customs. To this goal, the researcher used the private unclassified documents obtained from local informants and through interviews with them.

In all societies, the spread of cultures has been influenced by two factors, "desire" and "communication", which are more influenced by each other when cultures are associated with geographical proximity, trade, court relations, war. A culture is more adapted that offers better solutions to problems and better cultural tools.
 The findings of this study showed the influences of Iranian culture and traditions on the Arabs and how they adapted these customs and traditions based on the spread of cultures due to geographical proximity. In particular, the direct relationship with trade caused pre-Islamic Arabs to adapt these customs and traditions and get acquainted with Iranian traditions of entertainment, food, and clothing, thus correcting the weaknesses of their culture.With the spread of Islam, their direct connection with Iranians through the war and the presence of Iranian secretaries in the courts became more and more close.As a result, they distanced themselves from the simple lifestyles of the Rashidun caliphs. This interest in luxuries and aristocracy appeared in the Umayyad era and increased during the Abbasid period, which was contrary to the religious leaders’ social justice and simple biological policies adopted by the Islamic school. This caused the negative effect of cultural dissemination.The presence of Iranian teachers in the Abbasid era of madness, the friendly relationship between the caliphate and the distinct Iranian class, and the coexistence of the two cultures caused etiquette in the fields of fun and entertainment, food, and clothing, and their related customs to be adapted more than ever.