جستجوی مقالات مرتبط با کلیدواژه "جوجه های گوشتی" در نشریات گروه "علوم پایه"

To investigate the effect of using organic chelates of zinc, manganese, and chromium on the performance and microbial population of the caecum of broiler chickens, the present study was conducted. This study was conducted in a completely randomized design by 420-day-old broiler chickens of Ross 308 strain in 7 treatments, 5 repeats, and 15 birds per pen for 42 days. The treatments were 1) organic form of zinc, manganese, and chromium chelate, 2) organic form of zinc and manganese chelate, 3) organic form of zinc and chromium chelate, 4) organic form of manganese and chromium chelate, 5) organic form of manganese chelate, 6) organic form of zinc chelate and, 7) organic form of chromium chelate. Performance traits including feed consumption, body weight gain, and feed conversion ratio were measured. At the end of the experiment, broiler chickens' cecum microflora was collected. Collected data were analyzed by LSmeans procedure in SAS statistical software. The effect of organic chelates on body weight in the initial period and feed conversion ratio in the growth period was significant (p < 0.05). The highest weight gain (176.6 grams) was observed in the treatment containing the organic form of chromium and the lowest weight gain (152.8 grams) was observed in the treatment containing the organic form of zinc. The highest value of feed conversion coefficient (1.1) was observed in the treatment containing the organic form of zinc, manganese, and chromium, and the lowest value (0.1) was observed in the treatment containing the organic form of chromium. The effect of organic chelates on the E. coli population of broiler cecum was significant (p < 0.05). The highest (5.65 LogCFU/g) and the lowest (5.15 LogCFU/g) E. coli bacteria populations were observed in treatments containing organic forms of zinc, manganese, and chromium and organic form of zinc, respectively. Considering the improvement of performance traits and cecum microflora of broiler chickens in this study, the use of organic chelates is recommended.

This experiment was carried out with 384 broiler chickens of the commercial Ras 308 strain with eight treatments and in the form of a factorial design with levels of 0, 20, 40, and 60 replacements of peanut meal protein mixture and tow levels of multiple enzymes, zero and 250 grams per ton. The results showed that the effect of different levels of protein mixture on body weight at different ages was significant (p < 0.05) so with increasing levels of protein mixture in the diet, body weight decreased, but no significant difference was observed between the control group and the group with 20% replacement of protein mixture with soybean meal. The effect of protein mixture levels on the feed conversion ratio was significant. The Conversion ratio increased with the increase of the protein mixture levels, the highest conversion ratio was related to the treatment with replacing 60% of the protein mixture with soybean meal and the lowest conversion ratio was related to the control treatment. The effect of different replacement levels of peanut meal protein mixture and poultry slaughterhouse waste powder on the production index at 1-42 days was significant (p <0.05). So with increasing levels of protein mixture, the production index decreased. In general, the results of this research show that the 20% replacement level of protein mixture of peanut meal and poultry slaughterhouse waste powder in the diet does not have a significant negative effect on the performance of broiler chickens, and it can probably replace the expensive protein source of soybean meal. Also, the use of enzyme supplements in the diet had no significant effect on the performance of broiler chickens.

Years of research on the physiological pathways that regulate appetite have led to the identification of dozens of neural mediators involved in this process. Based on these studies, the role of histaminergic and adrenergic systems in regulating food intake has been proven. The aim of the current study is to investigate the central synergistic effects of histamine and adrenaline on food intake and plasma cortisol in broiler chickens.

In order to achieve this goal, three experiments were designed, each including one control group and three treatment groups. In the first test, control solution and histamine were prescribed with doses of 75, 150, and 300. In the second test, the control solution and adrenaline were injected with doses of 75, 150, and 300 nmol, and in the third test, in addition to the control solution, histamine (75 nmol), adrenaline (75 nmol) and histamine + adrenaline were injected. Then, chickens were returned to their cages and their food intake was recorded as a percentage of body weight. After the end of the experiments, by cutting the head, blood was taken and the plasma cortisol level was evaluated in all groups.

Based on the findings, simultaneous administration of sub effective doses of histamine and adrenaline caused a significant decrease in food intake (P≤0.05) and a significant increase in plasma cortisol levels (P≤0.01).

According to the results, it seems that there is a synergistic effect between histamine and adrenaline in controlling food intake and plasma cortisol levels

The amount of insulin-like growth factor (IGF) is regulated by various stimuli such as hormones, growth factors and nutritional conditions. In the present study, the effect of different levels of phytase enzymes on the expression of IGF-1 gene in the liver tissue of broiler chickens was investigated. The experiment was conducted with 7 treatments, 5 repetitions and 25 chicken pieces in each repetition. Experimental diets including the control diet, whose required phosphorus was provided by dicalcium phosphate, and the diets containing different commercial microbial phytase enzymes based on corn and soy were investigated. In order to investigate the expression of IGF-1 gene, first, total RNA was extracted from liver tissue and after making cDNA, the gene expression level was measured using real time PCR technique. The results of examining IGF-I gene expression in different levels of phytases showed a significant difference between the treatments. The expression of IGF-I gene in treatments 1 and 2 including phytase hostazim and phyzyme showed the lowest expression level and treatment 6 with phytases hostazim and ranozyme 100% showed the highest expression level. Increasing the amount of phytases increases the expression of IGF1-mRNA in the liver and can subsequently affect the performance of growth traits.

To investigate the effect of Orgasid supplementation under heat stress conditions along with standard and diluted diets on performance, carcass characteristics and blood metabolites of Ross 308 broiler chickens for 42 days. The experiment was conducted from the age of 10 days in the form of a completely randomized design with 6 treatments, 8 replications, and 10 chicken pieces per replication. The experimental treatments were: 1- Standard ration (control), 2- Diluted ration + Orgasid supplement, 3- Standard ration + heat stress conditions, 4- Standard ration + Orgacid supplement, and 5- Standard ration + Orgasid + stress conditions. Heat and 5- Diluted ration + Orgasid supplement + heat stress conditions. The results showed that the use of Orgasid supplement in the heat stress condition kept the feed consumption, weight gain, and feed conversion ratio within the standard range. The use of ergacid improved the carcass quality and the relative weight of the thigh compared to heat stress conditions. The use of ergacid in heat stress conditions led to an increase in the relative weight of the duodenum, jejunum, and ileum compared to no use. The use of orgacid under stress conditions caused an increase in the relative length of the ileum, while the relative length of the duodenum, and jejunum was not affected. The consumption of orgacid led to the preservation of the acidity of the scrotum, stratum corneum, duodenum and jejunum in the treatments that were under heat stress compared to the control treatment. According to these findings, it can be concluded that the use of orgacid supplement in the conditions of heat stress in diluted rations leads to the improvement of the health and condition of the digestive system, leading to the maintenance of the bird's performance in the standard range.

The present study was performed to investigate the effect of furosemide on oxidative stress, mortality due to ascites and some blood parameters in broiler chickens. A total of 450 Ross 308 days-old chicks were assigned to 3 groups (control and two treatments of 30 and 60 ppm zamide) in a completely randomized design with 5 replications and 30 chicks per replicate. The birds were subjected to a special cold temperature program to induce ascites. Blood parameters: red blood cell count, hematocrit, hemoglobin, white blood cells, activity of aspartate aminotransferase, alanine aminotransferase, alkaline phosphatase, creatine kinase and oxidative stress parameters such as; Plasma antioxidant capacity, plasma malondialdehyde, glutathione peroxidase and superoxide dismutase activity, glucose, protein, triglyceride, cholesterol and high-density lipoprotein were measured. Performance parameters of body weight gain, feed intake and feed conversion ratio were also evaluated. Deaths were recorded daily and described to differentiate the cause of death and determine ascites. The results showed that administration of 60 ppm of furosemide significantly reduced weight and feed intake as well as improved feed conversion ratio (P<0.05). In addition, furosemide, significantly decreased ascites index and ascites losses (P<0.05). Also, level of 60 ppm furosemide, increased white blood cells, plasma antioxidant capacity, glutathione-peroxidase activity). Decreased plasma protein, malondialdehyde and activity of plasma aspartate, aminotransferase, alkaline phosphatase, and creatinine kinase (P<0.05). The results of this research show that the level of 60 ppm Furosemide can reduce the problems caused by high blood pressure in birds with this metabolic syndrome by improving its antioxidant status.

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effects of Quinoa Seed bioactive peptides (QSBP) on performance, some blood parameters and immune system in broiler chicks. A total of 240 one-day-old Ross 308 broiler male chicks were randomly allocated to 4 dietary treatments with 4 replicates of 15 birds each. Birds were fed on basal diets (Control) or basal diets supplemented with 50, 100 and 150 mg Quinoa Seed bioactive peptides for 42 d of age. At the end of each week, the weight of mortality, feed intake and the weight of chickens in each replicate were measured then the feed conversion ratio was calculated, Finally, carcass charactristics and blood parameters were evaluated. Results showed that experimental diets had a significant effect on feed intake during finisher and total periods in compared with the control group. Highest feed intake observed in birds that received basal diet supplemented with 150 mg Quinoa Seed bioactive peptides per Kg . Also ,broilers received 150 mg QSBP /kg of diet have significantly higher body weight gain and better feed conversion ratio than the other experimental groups (P<0.05). Also ,broilers received 150 mg QSBP /kg to diet have significantly higher body weight gain and better feed conversion ratio than the other experimental groups (P<0.05)Experimental treatments did not impact serum concentrations of cholesterol, triglyceride, LDL and HDL in chicks, but serum concentrations of Albumine was higher in broiler chickens which received all experimental diets compared with control (P<0.05). Heterophil and lymphocyte and antibody titres were not affected by the experimental treatments. However, the highest relative weight of spleen observed in broilers which received 150 mg QSBP /kg. It can be concluded that QSBP may improved growth performance, immunity and nutrient digestibility in broiler chickens.

Chitosan is one of the derivatives of marine crustacean chitin shells and a polymer of glucosamine, which is obtained from the deacetylation of chitin. The biological activities of chitosan, such as its cholesterol-lowering effects, as well as its antibacterial and antioxidant effects, are well known in some species. Therefore, this experiment was performed to investigate the effects of chitosan on antioxidant status and some biochemical parameters in broiler chickens. For this study, 400 male broilers of Ross 308 strain were assigned to four treatments, five replications, and 20 chickens for each replication in a completely randomized design. Experimental treatments included 1) basic diet, and treatments 2, 3, and 4) were levels of 0.5, 1, and 2 g of chitosan per kg of basic diet, respectively. Blood and biochemical parameters including red blood cell count, white blood cell count, hemoglobin content, hematocrit, monocyte, heterophils and lymphocyte count, triglyceride and blood cholesterol, antioxidant enzyme activity including glutathione peroxidase, superoxide disodium, and peroxidase Plasma hepatic enzymes alanine aminotransferase and aspartate aminotransferase were measured. Growth performance parameters including weight gain, feed intake and feed conversion ratio were also calculated for the whole experimental period. The results showed that different levels of chitosan significantly improved the antioxidant indices by increasing the activity of antioxidant enzymes (glutathione peroxidase, superoxide dismutase, and catalase) and reducing the levels of alanine aminotransferase and aspartate aminotransferase enzymes. Growth performance parameters and other blood parameters except white blood cell count were not significantly affected by different levels of chitosan. The use of chitosan significantly improved antioxidant parameters (increasing the activity of antioxidant enzymes and simultaneously decreasing the level of liver enzymes) in broilers. Therefore, the use of proposed chitosan levels in this scheme is recommended to improve the antioxidant status of broilers in conditions of oxidative stress.

The effects of different feed additives as antibiotic replacement on the growth performance, immune response, tibia characteristics and meat quality of broilers were investigated. In this experiment, 540 one-day-old male broiler chickens of Ross 308 strain were randomly distributed into 6 treatments with 6 replicates per each. The experimental treatments were 1) a control group (corn-soybean meal diet), 2) control group + 0.25 g/kg antibiotic as growth promoter (Lincomycin), 3) control group + 1 g/kg herbal extract (contains garlic, thyme, turmeric, lemon balm), 4) control group + 3 g/kg medium chain fatty acids (contains a mixture of caproic, caprylic, capric, and lauric acids), 5) control group + a mix of 1.5 g/kg prebiotic (MHF-Y) and 0.2 g probiotic (Lactofeed) and 6) 1 ml/L essential oils in drinking water (contains ferula gummosa, eucalyptus, clove, peppermint, thyme, fennel, ajwain and satureja). Feed conversion ratio and body weight gain were improved in broilers which received feed additives compared to control group throughout the experiment. Hetrophil and lymphocyte and antibody titers, and tibia characteristics were not affected by the experimental treatments. However, the highest relative weight of spleen and total ash of tibia observed in broilers which received medium chain fatty acids. experimental treatments had no effect on the meat quality. It can be concluded that feed additives may improved growth performance and some of the immune and tibia traits in broiler chickens

The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of early nutrition on performance, humoral and cellular immunity in broilers. This experiment was conducted by use of 480 male broiler chicks (Ross 308) were randomly allocated in a completely randomized balanced design with eight treatments and four replicates and 15 birds in each replicate for 42 days. The experimental treatments were included: Normal Water + Base Diet for first 72 Hours, Normal Water + Corn Powder first 48 Hours, Water Sugar 5% + Corn Powder first 48 Hours, Water Sugar 5% + Corn Powder first 72 Hours, Water Sugar 5% + Base Diet first 48 Hours, Water Sugar 5% + basic diet for the first 72 hours, gluplus + corn meal for the first 48 hours and gluplus + basal diet for the first 48 hours. The results showed that nutritional treatments had no significant effect on antibody response against sheep red blood cells on days 21 and 42 (P>0.05). The highest average weights of 6- and 7-week old obtained in gluplus+basal diets by 2699.3 and 2827.9 grams, respectively, which did not have a significant difference with normal water + basal diet (2508.5 and 2693.2 grams) (P>0.05). According to the results of this study, nutritional treatment of water with 5% sugar and base diet is recommended due to higher daily gain, lower mortality and better production index in the first 48 hours of feeding broiler chicks.

This study was performed to compare the effects of levels of hydroalcoholic extract of boerhavia elegans and vitamin E in diets containing oxidized oil on yield, activity of antioxidant enzymes and meat quality of broilers. An experiment was carried out with a 480 Ross 308 one-day-old broilers in a 2×2 ×3 factorial (two levels of zero and 2 percent oxidized oil, two levels of 0 and 200 mg/kg α-Tocopherol (α-Toc) and three levels of 0, 100 and 200 mg/kg hydroalcoholic extract of  boerhavia elegans (HEBE) in the diet) with 12 treatments and 4 replicates in 10 chickens, in order to the effect of different levels of α -Toc and HEBE on diets containing oxidized oil percentage on performance, antioxidant enzyme activity and meat quality. Feed intake (FI), daily weight gain (DWG) and feed conversion ratio (FCR) of chicks was measured periodically. To determine the viability of the meat at the age of 42 days, the amount of malon di aldehyde (MDA) of thighs stored after one month of slaughter was examined. Serum activity of SOD and GPX enzymes was measured by from the brachial vein blood sampling prior to slaughter. The results showed that the FI, DBW and FCR of chicks were affected by the experimental diets (P<0.05). Chickens fed oxidized oil showed decreased levels of SOD and GPX enzymes. Addition of HEBE increased serum SOD enzyme. Diets containing HEBE and vitamin E simultaneously showed the lowest levels of MDA in meat. Serum triglyceride and cholesterol levels were reduced by diets containing the extract HEBE. The results showed that the addition of 100 mg/kg of HEBE along with 200 mg of α-toc improved the antioxidant defense system and performance in broiler chickens under oxidative stress.

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of dietary biotronic organic supplement and silymarin nanocrystal supplement with and without LPS factor on liver chemical analysis, histology and immune-cell changes and blood parameters of broiler chicks.This experiment was conducted in2×4 factorial arrangementwith completely randomized design using 192 day old male broiler chicks in 8 treatments, 4 replications and 12 chicks per each replicate.The factors of interest included LPS in two levels of (with and without LPS) and silymarin nano-crystal, biotronic organic supplement factor in 4 levels including (zero, biotronicorganic supplement, nano-crystal sily marin, and biotronic organic supplement complementary nano-crystal silymarin The results showed that the use of organic biotronic and silymarin nanocrystalline supplements and their mix significantly reduced the ALT, AST and percentage of mitotic liver lesions (P<0.05). Application of nano-crystal silymarin and organic biotronic supplement had significant effect on hepatic factors such as hepatocyte count, hepatocyte diameter and sinusoid size but had no significant effect on hepatocyte nucleus diameter.LPS also significantly altered blood parameters and cellular enzymes (P<0.05). Biotronic and nano-crystal silymarin supplementand their mix significantly improved the changes (P<0.05). The results of this study showed that the using of organic biotronic supplement and silimarin nano-crystal, and especially their mix, improved the performance of liver and chemical and cellular enzymes and liver blood parameters.

One of the factors may affect the productivity and economic index of broiler industry is the mortality at the end of the growth period. The purpose of this study was to investigate the rate of mortality in broiler chickens and the management parameters. For this purpose, the management information of 30 poultry farms from 1396 and 1397 was collected. Using logistics analysis, the effect of various factors on the mortality rate was investigated. Our results showed that the effects of all factors examined in this model were positive, which were not significant for the factors of breeding season, building type, experience of managers, and biosecurity level, despite their importance in loss percentage. The results of this study showed that management parameters have key role in the mortality rate and consequently economic productivity of a broiler farm.

The purpose of this experiment was to evaluate the effects of different levels of powdered dried aerial parts of Ajowan (Trachyspermum ammi) seeds on the performance and carcass traits of broiler chicks. In this experiment one hundred and sixty one-day-old broiler chicks (Ross 308) were used in a completely randomized design with 4 treatments and 4 replicates (with 10 birds each). The experimental treatments included: 1) control group (without additive2) basal diet + 0.2% Ajowan powder, 3) basal diet + 0.4% Ajowan powder, and 4) basal diet + 0.6% Ajowan powder. Results showed that the levels of 0.2 and 0.4 % had no significant effect on daily weight gain, food intake and feed efficiency. Except for carcass weight, Ajowan had no significant effect on carcass characteristics. For blood parameters, the effects of Ajowan, in most cases, were non-significant. In contrast, plasma LDL and cholesterol concentrations decreased significantly with increasing levels of Ajowan powder. According to the obtained results, based on maintaining the bird's performance at the same levels as the control group and on the other hand improving the pattern of blood lipid metabolites, it can be said that Ajowan can be a good alternative to the growth-promoting antibiotic to improve health and solve the environmental problems in this area.

To investigate the effects of replacement vitamin E with dietary grape pomace in the diets containing oil or beef tallow on growth performance, blood chara cteristics, oxidative status, and gut morphology of broiler chickens, the present study was carried out. Four hundred and fifty-one-day-old broiler chickens were used in a completely randomized design with six treatments and five replicates. Experimental treatments were as follows; 1- control oil (CO, basal diet containing 3.5 percent soy oil) with 200 mg/kg vitamin E, 2-contraol tallow (CT, basal diet containing 3.5 percent tallow) with vitamin E, 3- CO with 9 percent grape pomace (GP), 4- CT with 9 % GP, 5- CO with 9 percent GP and vitamin E,6- CT with 9 % GP, and vitamin E. The results of this experiment showed that in the whole period, the birds fed diets containing soy oil, GP and vitamin E had the highest body weight gain and production index and the lowest feed conversion ratio compared to the others. The blood concentration of glucose, cholesterol, triglycerides, and high-density lipoproteins were reduced when GB was used in diets. Blood superoxide dismutase and glutathione peroxidase concentrations were increased, and malondialdehyde concentration was decreased when GP was used in broiler diets. In the duodenum part of the small intestine, villus height, crypt depth, villus height to crypt depth ratio, and muscularis thickness were increased when GP was used in broiler diets. To conclude, the result of this experiment suggests that although the GP has strong antioxidant properties, the simultaneous using vitamin E has a better effect on broiler growth performance.

This experiment was conducted to investigate the effects of different levels of prebiotic (Fermacto) on performance and some blood parameters of broiler chicks under induced ascites. 240-old chicks from Ross 308 strain were randomly divided into three treatments and each treatment was divided into four replicates. The dietary treatments included: control and two levels (2 and 4 g/kg feed) of prebiotic (Fermacto). For ascites induction, all birds received 1.5 grams salt per liter from day 6 to day 13. The relative weight of the intestines was measured relative to the body weight at end of experiment. The birds of the negative treatments were subjected to an induction program. Prebiotic supplements were added to the feed from the 12th day of the experiment. Both prebiotic levels significantly reduced feed intake & reduced feed conversion and increased weight gain in comparison with control treatment (P<0.05). Both prebiotic levels significantly decreased the hemoglobin, red blood cells, protein and hematocrit in birds were induced ascites (P<0.05). Both prebiotic levels significantly decreased ascites and RV / TV index (P<0.05). The results of intestinal morphology indicated that the weight of the intestines (dissected from below the gizzard to the ileal cecal junction) was not significantly different between the experimental groups. in Conclusion, it is possible to successfully use a 2gg/kg diet of prebiotic (Fermacto) in broiler chickens as an effective factor in reducing functional problems and ascites mortality.

This experiment was conducted to study the effect of different levels of pennyroyal essential oil and probiotic (Bacillus coagulans) on performance, carcass characteristics, and meat quality of broiler chickens. In this experiment 240 one day-old Ross 308 broilers were used in a completely randomized design with 3×2 factorial arrangements with three levels of pennyroyal essential oil (zero, 100 and 200 mg/kg) and two levels of probiotic (zero and 200 mg/kg) with 4 replications and 10 chicks per replicate. The interaction effeacts of pennyroyal essential oil and probiotic showed that body weight gains and feed conversion ratio in chickens fed with diet containing probiotic compared to other treatment except chickens fed with diet containing 100 mg of pennyroyal essential oil were significantly higher and lower respectively (p < 0.05). The main effect and interactions of pennyroyal essential oil and probiotic on feed intake were not significant. The interaction effects on the relative weight of breast were significant and the highest relative weight of breast was for chickens fed with diet containing probiotic. In addition, the lowest malondialdehyde and cooking loss values and the highest water holding capacity and yellowness values were for chickens fed with diet containing 100 mg of pennyroyal essential oil plus probiotic. In conclusion, inclusion of pennyroyal essential oil (100 mg/kg) plus probiotic into the diet of broiler chicken without affecting the performance, improved the meat quality.

An experiment was conducted in order to study the effects of butyric acid glycerides in pelleted feed and different commercial probiotics in drinking water on performance, carcass characteristics and intestinal microbiota of broiler chickens. This experiment was carried out with 240 of Ross308 chicks in a 2×4 factorial arrangement consisting 2 levels of dietary butyric acid glycerides (0 and 0.2%) and 4 different probiotics in drinking water (0, 0.012% Aqua blend, 0.012% Primalac and 0.5% sour yoghurt) with 24 experimental units and 3 replicates of 10 straight-run chicks. Dietary butyric acid glycerides had no significant effects on production performance, carcass characteristics (edible carcass, breast, thighs and abdominal fat percentages) and production index of broilers (p>0.05). Different commercial probiotics in drinking water had no significant effect on feed intake, body weight, feed conversion ratio and production index of broilers (p>0.05) too; however, this effect was significant for edible carcass percentage (p < 0.05) as use of Primalac and sour yoghurt increased edible carcass percentage. Interaction effects between dietary butyric acid glycerides in pelleted feed and different probiotics in drinking water on production performance, production index and carcass characteristics were not significant (p>0.05). Totally, inclusion of some probiotics in drinking water (Primalac and sour yoghurt) had positive effects on carcass characteristics but supplementation of butyric acid glycerides in pelleted feed had no significant effects on production performance and carcass characteristics of broiler chickens (p>0.05).

Two hundred and forty Arbor Acres broiler chickens with 4 treatments and 4 replicates for 42 days in order to prevent environmental contamination due to the disposal of waste from the breweries and optimal usage of these wastes in broiler chickens. Chickens of a group were considered as control and fed with corn and soybean diet. In order to feed the other three groups, the base diet was replaced with 5, 7.5 and 10% lemon pulp respectively. The results indicated that the inclusion of 5 and 7.5% lemon pulp in diets had a significant effect on body weight (P>0.05), although the use of its 10% level significantly reduced body weight compared to the control group. Using the 10% level of lemon pulp increased the feed conversion ratio in the periods of 21-49 and 1-49 days (P<0.05). Using the 10 % level of lemon pulp reduced the blood cholesterol concentration and increased the production of antibody against red blood cells of sheep at 35 and 42 days of age (P <0.05). Although hemoglobin level and hematocrit percentage were not influenced by experimental treatments (P>0.05), the amount of reactive substances was affected by thiobarbituric acid (P<0.05). In conclusion, the addition of lemon pulp at 7.5% of the diet without affecting the body weight can stimulate the immune system, which is a good alternative to poultry diets.

The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of in-ovo injection of oil-extracted propolis on hatchery performance, blood cell count and carcass characteristics of broiler chicks. For this purpose, on the 15th day of incubation, 324 Ross 308 broiler chicken eggs were weighed and completely randomized to six experimental groups with three replicates and each replicate containing 18 eggs and injected into amniotic fluid. Experimental treatments consisted of two types of negative control without injection, positive injection of 60 mL distilled water and injection of 4 levels (150, 300, 600 &1200 ppm) from oil-extracted propolis to amniotic sac. The results showed in-ovo injection of oil-extracted propolis on day 15 of incubation did not show any effect on hatching percentage, hatching weight and the ratio of the weight of hatching chicks to egg weight. While 1200 ppm of in-ovo injection of oil-extracted propolis increased the ratio of the weight of hatching chicks to egg weight compared to control group. In-ovo injection of oil-extracted propolis at different levels could not affect the concentration of total white blood cell, heterophile, lymphocyte, monocyte and eosinophil blood in broiler chicks. The carcass weight, heart rate, spleen and tissue stockings were not affected by in-ovo injection of oil-extracted propolis at 42 days of age. So, these results of this study suggest that in-ovo of oil-extracted propolis cannot improve the status of hatching percentage, blood cell count and carcass characteristics of broiler chicks.