جستجوی مقالات مرتبط با کلیدواژه "blood indices" در نشریات گروه "علوم پایه"

This study was conducted to evaluate the effect of fish meal replacement by Aqupro (processed soybean meal) on hematological and biochemical indices of juvenile Siberian sturgeon (Acipenser baerii). To do this, 105 juvenile Siberian sturgeon (initial body weight 171.79±1.07g) were distributed in five treatments each with three replicates. The experimental treatments included the control (AP0), 20 (AP20), 40 (AP40), 60 (AP60) and 80 (AP80) percent replacement of Aqupro substituted with fish meal. Fish were fed according to apparent satiation four times daily for 12 weeks. According to the results, the highest final weight was observed in the control treatment (252.95±27.00g) and among the treatments containing Aqupro, the highest and lowest weights were observed in AP60 (226.38±14.71g) and AP40 (211.09±4.14g), respectively, but no significant difference was observed in any treatments (P>0.05). Hematological results showed significant differences in the number of white blood cells and differential white blood cells in some treatments with the control group (P<0.05). The percent of lymphocytes showed no significant difference between treatments and control (P>0.05), but AP20 and AP40 showed significant differences with AP60 and AP80 (P<0.05). There were no significant differences in the number of red blood cells, hemoglobin, hematocrit, MCV, MCH and MCHC among treatments (P>0.05). The highest cholesterol level was observed in AP60 and showed a significant difference with control (P<0.05). Glucose levels showed significant differences between different treatments, as the lowest level was found in AP80 and indicated a significant difference with control (P<0.05). No significant differences were observed in plasma triglyceride and proteins (total protein, globulin and albumin) compared with control (P<0.05). According to the results of this study, due to the importance of fish meal and its high price, nutritional value of Aqupro and easy accessibility and also no negative impact on measured indices, replacement of high levels of fish meal with Aqupro is possible in Siberian sturgeon diet.

In the present study, the effects of probiotic (0 and 1) in rainbow trout fed with different levels of soybean meal (SBM; 0, 20 and 40%) were evaluated on hematological and immune indices. A total of 300 fry with average initial weight of 20.05 ± 0.20 g by density of 25 fish per tank assigned to 12 tanks for 90 days. Blood was taken from fish on days 0, 45 and 90, afterward hematological and immune indices were estimated. According to hematological results in day 45, fish fed with SBM 0 demonstrated greatest number of white blood cells and hematocrit among treatments (p < 0.05). In day 90, the highest number of red blood cells was found in SBM 0 and SBM 20% containing probiotic (p < 0.05). Number of white blood cells significantly increased by adding probiotic to different SBM levels (p < 0.05). Hematocrit and hemoglobin concentrations decreased in fish fed with SBM 40% (p < 0.05). In addition, there were interaction between SBM × probiotic in white blood cells on day 90 (p < 0.05). According to immunological results in day 45, neutrophil burst activity (NBT) was elevated by adding probiotic to SBM levels (p < 0.05). The IgM and C3 levels were significantly enhanced by adding probiotic to SBM 0 and SBM 20%. In day 90, the highest NBT value was observed in SBM 0 (probiotic 0 and 1) and SBM 20% containing probiotic among groups (p < 0.05). Addition of probiotic to SBM 0 and SBM 20% caused the elevated lysozyme, IgM, C3 and C4 values (p < 0.05). Furthermore, interaction between SBM levels and probiotic indicated significant effects on NBT after 90 days (p < 0.05). It could be revealed from the current study that L. plantarum compensated some adverse effects of SBM replacement on blood and immune indices by enhancing immunity, hence higher replacement of SBM is not suggested without using probiotic.

The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of different prebiotic levels of oyster mushroom (Pleurotus ostreatus) on hematological indices of Nil tilapia exposed to silver nitrate. For this purpose, 120 juveniles of tilapia were fed with diet containing 0 (treatment 1, control), 0.05 (treatment 2), 0.1 (treatment 3) and 0.2% (treatment 4) prebiotic oyster mushroom) for 42 days. Then, 0.5ppm of silver nitrate was added to each group for 16 days. Before and after exposing to silver nitrate, fish blood indices were evaluated. Prebiotics alone had no significant effect on RBC, MCV, hematocrit and hemoglobin (P<0.05). But, treatments fed with prebiotics and exposure to silver nitrate toxin showed an increase in WBC, MCHC (in 0.1 and 0.2 treatments), MCH indices compared to the control group. According to the results, oral prebiotics stimulated nonspecific immunity in tilapia and using mushroom prebiotics reduced the destructive effects of the silver nitrate toxin on blood indices. In conclusion, levels of 0.1 and 0.2% of prebiotic oyster mushroom in treatments which exposed to 0.5ppm silver nitrate toxin could improve the blood factor status of tilapia.

The present study was performed to identify growth performance and blood factors in Huso hoso (34.58±5.32) after short term starvation. The treatments consisted of 4 groups in which the control treatment group (F) fed 4 times daily satiety, the SRF1 treatment with four alternate two-day starvation and 8-day feeding after each starvation period. SRF2 with two alternate four-day fasting and 16-day fasting after each starvation and the SRF3 treatment with an 8-day fasting and 32-day fasting period were tested for 40 days. The results showed that growth performance in experimental treatments was significantly affected by feeding process (p<0.05). SRF1 and SRF2 treatments showed significantly higher weight gain and specific growth rate than SRF3 treatment (p<0.05). There was no significant difference in liver index, gastrointestinal index and status factor (p>0.05). The effect of starvation and malnutrition on blood parameters was significant (p<0.05). With 8-day starvation (SRF3), the level of red blood cells increased significantly compared to other treatments. According to the results obtained at the end of the experimental period, it can be concluded that the fish were able to adapt to shorter periods of starvation so that the 2 and 4-day starvation treatments had full compensatory growth. But the 8-day starvation treatment (SRF3) had less final weight than the control treatment, which shows a relative compensatory growth in them.

The experiment was designed to investigate the effect of adding rosemary powder (Rosmarinus officinalis) along with sesame and soybean oil on changes in intestinal morphology, meat quality and some blood indices in the Japanese quail. The experiment was performed in factorial based on completely randomized design with 6 treatments, 4 replications and 15 meat quail pieces in each repetition. Experimental treatments include: 1) Sesame oil + zero surface of rosemary 2) Sesame oil + 1 g/kg rosemary 3) Sesame oil + 2 g/kg rosemary 4) Soybean oil + zero level of rosemary 5) Soybean oil + level one of rosemary 6 ) Soybean oil + level two rosemary. On the final 35 day of the experiment, two quails (male and female) were selected from each pen that weighed close to the average weight of the population. Each quail was manually peeled and carcasses separately, and different parts of the body were weighed and internal organs were weighed. The results showed that head, thigh, pancreatic, heart, gingival and testicular relative weight were not significantly different in experimental treatments (P <0.05). But the effect of sesame oil was more than soybean oil (P<0.05). In blood indices, urea levels were significantly reduced with increasing rosemary powder levels (P<0.05).Meat pH did not differ between the experimental group. Beyond the TBA, there was a significant difference between the experimental treatments (p<0.05). TBA decreased with increasing amount of Rosemary powder. In cookingloss, there was no significant difference between the experimental treatments. In drippingloss, there was no significant difference between experimental treatments. As a result, the use of Rosemary powder and sesame oil in  diet can have positive and beneficial effects on quail.

Emerging contaminants of nanoparticles in aquatic ecosystems cause stress response in aquatic animals and decrease their immune function. Therefore, use of immune stimuli such as prebiotics is very necessary. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of different levels of prebiotic Pleurotus ostreatus on hematological indices of tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) exposed to silver nanoparticles.

120 fish were distributed for 42 days in 4 treatments (3 replicates): control (1), no prebiotic fungi, treatment (2) food containing 0.05, treatment (3) food containing 0.1 and treatment (4) food contained 0.2% prebiotic. Then, 0.5 ppm of silver nanoparticles was exposed to each group for 16 days and blood parameters were examined.

Prebiotic alone had no significant effect on erythrocyte count, mean cell volume (MCV), mean cell hemoglobin (MCH), mean erythrocyte hemoglobin concentration (MCHC), hematocrit, hemoglobin, white blood cell (P <0.05) but exposure to silver nanoparticles and prebiotic in combination increased the mentioned factors compared to the control and prebiotic treatments alone. However, the levels of white blood cells and erythrocytes, hemoglobin, hematocrit, and MCH were higher than the other treatments in the combination of 0.2 prebiotic and silver nanoparticles.

Oral probiotics stimulate non-specific immunity in tilapia, the combined use of nano-silver and prebiotic mushrooms increase the amount of blood indices and reduce the destructive effects of nano-silver on blood indices. It is concluded that the 0.2% prebiotic level could have the best effect on the blood indices of tilapia.

To determine the effect of phytase enzyme and replacement of fish flour with soy flour on growth process, and some blood and blood biochemical parameters of Caspian Sea fish with an average weight of 140.6 ± 13.7 gr, Seven diets with nitrogen and the same energy, containing different levels of soy flour (40 and 80%) for gradual replacement of fish powder (control diet without phytase enzyme), each with three levels of phytase enzyme (0, 1000 and 2000 International unit per kilogram) was prepared and fed to fish under the same conditions. At the end of the 12-week period of diet with experimental diets, gradual replacement of fish powder with soybean meal significantly reduced the growth and efficiency of fish food (P> 0.05). In addition, the addition of phytase enzyme significantly increased the growth and efficiency of food and the best result was obtained from the use of 2000 international units per kilogram of food. On the other hand, blood indices and serology of fish were also affected by diets. The amounts of liver enzymes with intermediate amounts of soybean meal had a direct relationship with the highest levels of alkaline phosphatase, alanine aminotransferase and aspartate aminotransferase in fish fed with high rations.. According to the results of this research, it is suggested that in the Caspian Sea salmon ration to be replaced by 40% of the protein content of fish flour with soy flour with 2000 units of phytase enzyme international unit per kg of food.

The use of natural and vegetable ingredients as an additive in fish diets will increase the health of the host. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of adding sugar beet molasses to carp fish meal to evaluate some blood indices. The experiment consisted of 360 pieces of common carp with an average weight of 22 ± 2.5. After one week of adaptation, it was fed for a period of 8 weeks. The experiment was carried out in the form of 4 treatments and each treatment with 3 replications including: Molasses (treatment 1), diet containing 0.5% molasses (treatment 2), diet containing 1% molasses (treatment 3) and diet containing 2% molasses (treatment 4) Done. The fish were fed daily with 3% body weight and twice daily with experimental diets. Food from the control group, the commercial food of the common carp of the corporation was no molasses. The results showed that red blood cells were significantly increased in 2% molasses. Hemoglobin was also found in 2% molasses (P <0.05). MCHC also increased in 2% molasses. There was no significant difference between the treatments after the differential count of white blood cells. In general, a diet containing molasses was effective on the blood indices of common carp, increasing the number of red blood cells and increasing hemoglobin in 2% molasses.

This study aimed to evaluate the effects of different levels of microencapsulated antioxidant supplementation (Nano-selenium, Vitamins E and C) on growth performance, body composition and some blood biochemical indices in rainbow trout, Oncorhynchus</em> mykiss</em>. Fish with an average weight of 9.07 ± 0.36 g were distributed into 12 tanks and divided into four experimental groups: treatment 1 (N-Se; 0.1, E; 30 and C; 100 mg/kg), treatment 2 (N-Se; 0.2, E; 60 and C; 200 mg/kg), treatment 3 (N-Se; 0.3, E; 90 and C; 300 mg/kg) and commercial diet as control. The results exhibited that the fish fed with diets containing additional microencapsulated antioxidant supplementation induced higher final growth, weight gain, the protein and lipid efficiency ratios, while had no different in feed conversion ratio. The body composition such as protein and lipid did not exhibit significant differences between the treatments. The serum lysozyme activity and superoxide dismutase enzyme were significantly elevated in fish fed with supplemented diet compared to the control. The alanine aminotransferase and alkaline phosphatase significantly increased in the three treatments whereas aspartate aminotransferase reduced in fish fed with antioxidant supplementation compared to the control. The present results indicated the beneficent effects of microencapsulated Nano Se and vitamins E and C on growth rate and immune response in rainbow trout.

The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of different levels of Celmanax commercial prebiotic on growth performance, nutritional efficiency, blood and plasma biochemical indices in beluga, Huso huso (Linnaeus, 1758) in a 120-day feeding period. So that, 120 individuals of beluga with the average weight of 4.66 ± 0.26 kg were transferred to 12 holding cage nets, 1.20 × 1 × 2 m in size at a depth of 1.5 m with a completely randomized design as four treatments with three replications including control (without prebiotic) and three experimental treatments fed by diets containing 0.5, 1, 1.5 g/kg prebiotic. The results exhibited that adding Celmanax to the diet, especially 0.5 g/kg, significantly enhanced relative weight, daily growth rate, specific growth rate, feed conversion ratio and relative eating (p<0.05). However, no significant effect was observed in the protein and fat ratio (p>0.05). There were also no significant differences between the treatments fed by prebiotic compared to control with respect to hemoglobin, mean corposcular volume and mean corpuscular hemoglobin (p>0.05). Analyses on biochemical indices indicated that there were significant differences in total protein, glucose and triglyceride in blood plasma levels. Totally, according to the results, 0.5 g/kg Celmanax in diet can effectively enhance growth performance, nutritional efficiency and blood indices in cultured beluga.

The present study was designed to investigate the effects of 0.0125, 0.035, 0.075 and 0.15 ppm sub-lethal concentration of copper on hematological parameters (Hb, HCT, RBC, WBC, MCV, MCH, MCHC, lymphocyte, monocyte, neutrophil and eosinophil count) of the Oncorhynchus mykiss. Samples weighted 18±3 gr and exposure to CuSo44 for a week. Physicochemical properties of water were 14±2 Cº temperature, 7-8 pH, and 270 mg/l Caco3. Total red blood cells, total leukocyte count, hemoglobin, mean cell volume (MCV), mean cell hemoglobin (MCH), mean cell hemoglobin concentration (MCHC), hematocrit, lymphocyte, neutrophil, eosinophil, and monocyte were measured by routine laboratory methods. Analysis of hematological parameters showed that, CuSo4 stimulated White blood cells, Lymphocytes, Hemoglobin, Neutrophil, Hematocrit, MCH, MCHC and MCV and did not any effect on Monocyte and Eosinophil. In conclusion, this study showed that hematological parameters of O. mykiss are suitable indicators to verify the existence of copper in water resources.

Pesticide diazinon (60 percent of the commercial emulsion) including pesticides are widely used in agricultural areas. In many cases the use of these toxins can cause severe side effects in organisms such as fish، diazinon is also an organic phosphorus pesticides، In recent years، concerns about the health effects of this compound on fish increased. In this study، the influence of 0. 07، 0. 08، 0. 1، 0. 13 and 0. 16 mg of DZ on blood factors rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss)، has been investigated. a significant increase in the number of white blood cells and neutrophils (p< 0. 05) observed Increased levels of MCH and MCV may be due to a direct effect of toxins on hematopoietic tissues، kidney and spleen، but the exact mechanism is unclear. Activity significantly decreased plasma albumin p< 0. 05). Diazinon treated fish blood glucose levels were significantly greater in the control group of fish during the test period.

Anionic detergents have the highest consumption among the detergents and are one of the pollutants of aquatic systems. In the present study، the effects of these detergents on hematological parameters of Hypophthalmichthys molitrix were investigated. For this purpose، three treatments containing anionic detergent concentrations of 0. 5، 1 and 1. 5 ppm and also one control treatment (no detergent) was considered. The fish were exposed to this material for two weeks. Blood samples from the caudal fin vein (with a 2 cc syringe) were taken. Blood samples were used to determine hematocrit، hemoglobin، red and white blood cell count and MCV، MCH and MCHC indices. According to the result، the values obtained by measuring the levels of hematocrit، hemoglobin and white blood cell count decreased significantly compared to the control treatment (P<0. 05). But the number of red blood cells، unlike other blood parameters in the control treatment was lower than the other treatments (P<0. 05) and the highest amount was observed in the 0. 5 ppm treatment (P<0. 05). The highest and lowest levels of MCV and MCH indices were measured in control and 0. 5 ppm treatment، respectively (P<0. 05). The MCHC index did not show significant differences among the treatments (P>0. 05). In general، it seems that even low concentrations of anionic detergents can make important changes in hematological parameters، hematopoiesis processes، and even non-specific immune system of silver carp. Therefore، the high consumption of detergents and their entrance into the aquatic systems can lead to failures in reproduction and breeding of this commercial species.