جستجوی مقالات مرتبط با کلیدواژه "urban management" در نشریات گروه "علوم پایه"

Due to its large population, lack of green spaces, inappropriate urban structure, and traffic congestion, Tehran is considered one of the most polluted cities in the world. Air pollution in Tehran is one of the basic health and environmental challenges that can have serious consequences for the health of citizens and their social costs. In the meantime, city buses, as one of the main means of public transportation, play an important role in the movement of passengers, but at the same time, due to fossil fuels and old technologies, they are responsible for a major contribution to the emission of pollutants. This release of pollution in turn leads to negative consequences and high costs for society. Therefore, in the present study, while determining the value of environmental damage caused by the emission of pollutants in the terminals of inner-city buses in Tehran in 2020 based on the information obtained from the transportation and urban traffic organization of Tehran municipality, analyzing the strengths and weaknesses, opportunities and threats of inner-city buses in the emission of environmental pollutants with the use of the SWOT model have been discussed.

The current research is based on an analytical-descriptive approach using field research and library studies. Based on this, the evaluation of the strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threats of the system and the presentation of pollution reduction solutions have been carried out in the form of strategic SWOT analysis. For this purpose, the required information has been collected by interviewing and completing 60 questionnaires by experts, experts and drivers of six main systems in Tehran Bus Company. Validity of questionnaires was confirmed by 10 experts and its reliability was approved by Cronbach alpha (α=0.93).

According to the results, the social cost of pollution during an annual period caused by the consumption of diesel fuel is estimated at 829.43 billion rials, which is imposed on the environment every day. The mentioned figure is based on the shadow price equivalent of CO2 pollutant and based on the price of 2020. Also, the results showed that the most important weaknesses of public transport pollution in the metropolis of Tehran are the adverse effects of high traffic congestion during peak hours on the performance of public and private transport systems, as well as the high use of private cars, especially single-passenger cars. Carrying out intra-city trips is reserved. In addition, according to the results, the most important threats include the multi-nuclear structure of Tehran metropolis and the large size of the urban area, the geographical location of Tehran and climate changes caused by fine dust. It should be mentioned the final scores obtained from the analysis of the internal factor matrix (IFE) and external matrix (EFE) were calculated as 2.75 and 2.59, respectively.

Based on this, the situation of the desired solutions to reduce pollution is in an aggressive position, based on which it is necessary to get the maximum benefit from the existing capabilities and potentials and the combination of strengths and upcoming opportunities. According to the results of the construction and rapid development of metro lines, the multiplicity of highway networks in the city, and the priority of urban management to build and expand BRT lines in different areas of the city, the most important strengths and also the potential of producing parts related to the bus fleet for its development inside the country The high impact of the media in changing the citizens' traffic perspective and the possibility of more technical monitoring for more efficient use of fuel and reducing its consumption are the most important opportunities in reducing pollution by the public fleet.

For a long time, the fire incident has been the main problem of urban management and sustainable urban development. In addition to human and social factors, the occurrence of fires is largely influenced by the urban physical environment. The current research is applied in terms of purpose and descriptive-analytical in terms of nature. The available information on fire incidents (during the five-year period of 2014-2018) was mapped and analyzed in terms of space and time using the spatial analysis available in GIS. Then, using spatial analysis of hot spots, the pattern of spatial distribution of fire incidents in Ardabil city was determined. Also, Kernel Density Estimation (KDE) technique has been used to analyze high or low fire incidents in Ardabil city. According to the results of the research, the density of incidents is higher in the central parts and in spots from the outskirts of the city. About (40%) of the city's area are located in areas with a high and very high risk of vulnerability. The degree of vulnerability is high in the central part of the city and neighborhoods that have unfavorable socio-economic and environmental conditions.

Urban spaces play a unique role in meeting the social and individual needs of children. In this regard, given that children are considered the creators of the next generations; proper p planning and design of the urban environment suitable for children's lives is very important in moving the human society towards a healthy and desirable society. For this purpose, the present study was written with the aim of identifying the influential components on management and planning of a safe urban environment with emphasis on the child-friendly city approach in Tehran metropolis.

The research method is applied in terms of purpose and analytical and exploratory in nature, and data analysis has been done using Delphi method (15 elites and managers) and application of cross-impact analysis technique in Micmac software.

The findings show that the most effective among the investigated components in the direction of safe urban environment management and planning with emphasis on the child-friendly city approach in Tehran metropolis is related to components of rules of respect for children's views (application and integration of children's views in urban planning and design in terms of various physical, mental and behavioral aspects), the right to life and maximum child development (suitable legal measures to reduce urban pollution) and environmental quality (suitability of sidewalks and streets for use by children).

Considering the current situation and the lack of key and strategic components affecting on development of system, the future of management and planning of a safe urban environment with emphasis on the approach of child-friendly city will be undesirable in Tehran metropolis.
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Developing urbanization and population growth in recent centuries, there is a special attention to cities and urban issues which are essential in country planning. The aims of investigating physical development process are identifying physical development problems and barriers, investigating the mayor position and city development management, and identifying the main reasons of Emigrationto the Amiriyeh town. In this applied research, the method is descriptive- analytical and survey. 380 Amiriyeh Town residents were determined as the participants of this study using Morgan table and cluster sampling was used to identify the samples. Arc view was used in order to have better analysis in examining the city development, and t-test and FIRIDMAN ranking test were used to determine the meaningful relationship between variables in SPSS software while the role of management in city development as well as the main reasons for Emigration to Amiriyeh town were investigated. The results indicate that the effects of environmental constraints (gardens and farmlands, ccommunication road axis of Shahryar to Robat Karim and it's privacy, cemetery and workshop industries) have the most important role in directing the physical development of Amiriyeh and attracting more immigrants , and then the low price of land and housing, as well as opportunities caused attracting immigrants while the lack of municipal administration (municipal, construction and guide plan for the reorganization of the police) had a minimal role in migrating to Amiriyeh town.The existence of kinship, proximity to the larger cities such as Tehran and Karaj, and expensive lands in the surrounding cities (Shahryar and Andisheh) are the main reason of immigrating to Amiriyeh town. The analysis results of the Friedman test in the statistical population of the study show that 18 indicators (questionnaires) are not at the same level in the population in question, which according to the obtained significance ( 0.000) is less than the mean you have It is 0.05. The results of Friedman's test, 3 indicators (assumptions) in the target society are not at the same level, according to the obtained significance ( 0.000), which is less than the significance of 0.05. The analysis of these three indicators shows that in the ranking of the main components of the research, environmental complications and limitations have played the most important role in directing the physical development of Amiriya, and the immigrability factors of this region and the price of land and housing have played a role in the intense and accelerated development of the city.In which the lack of urban management system has the least role in illegal immigration and development in Amirieh. The rank of a priority between the first and the last in the test that is set to a rank increases, and according to the above outputs the final result of migrating to Amirieh settlement in the results, different and different factors. It has attracted and immigrated them. The findings of the current research show that the cheapness of land and... in attracting the population of several countries, but the final results of the research can have the greatest effect on the physical development and attracting the population of family dependency. In the meantime, we can mention indicators from the analysis of Friedman's test, such as the proximity of Amiriya to big cities such as Tehran and Karaj 12/10, the expensiveness of land in Shahryar 11/28, the existence of educational and health facilities, 10/86, low The presence of infrastructure facilities in the surrounding settlements is 10/35, the endowment of Amirieh land is 9/40, and at the end, while the cheapness of land and housing with an average of 7.98 and the presence of agricultural land, workshops and factories with a range of 7.33, which indicates There is no These factors in the migration to Amirieh have been contrary to the expectations and findings of the research. Based on the results obtained, in order to prevent the indiscriminate development and destruction of gardens and agricultural lands, considering the existence of descriptions of the development and development of barren lands within the legal limits of Amiriye town for construction in the field of urban physical development, it is possible to present and promote the policy reinforcements in the field of vertical development instead of horizontal development, which increases the growth of population density on the surface, which prevents excessive horizontal development on high-quality land, and also due to the reduction in recent decades compared to the 60s and 70 can lead. Raising the level of supervision and strictness in the field of illegal construction with the supervision of the municipality and related bodies has led to the implementation of premeditated construction and development. that one of the most important cases of the successful and proper implementation of construction is the existence of waqf lands, which is an obstacle in the implementation of legal development plans. The result of the Friedman test can be concluded that the three hypotheses in question have no effect on the results. Each of its indicators has influenced the region. The studied area has experienced rapid growth in its development process in several decades, which is the result of land use change, the incompatibility of migration land characteristics with the principles of urban planning, and as a result, population growth. Build-and-sell rents and targeted sales, destruction and infrastructure of valuable and green agricultural lands in and around cities, liquidity and people's capital in the land, building and build-sell sectors have been affected by three hypotheses. but none of the components of the research has been influenced by others. Although each of the mentioned cases alone or together has been an effective factor in the process of expansion of space and cities, and by its nature, it has brought positive or negative economic, social, political, cultural and physical-ecological feedbacks. But in the city of Amirieh, the set of these factors together sometimes as a cause and sometimes as a role-playing nature and structure, which resulted in the city of Amirieh in its present form. With popular implementation policies and encouragement for construction to solve the endowment problem, which causes problems and lawlessness in land owners, and leads to the construction of endowment lands in the field of construction, by implementing appropriate plans, such as giving density provocative Land from endowment, issuance of construction permit by the municipality will prevent illegal construction in the internal context of the legal boundary and prevent development outside the boundary, so that the physical development of the city is more organized and with a plan in the direction of direction. The physical development of Amirieh should be planned in advance. Physical and spatial solutions: 1-Quantitative and qualitative increase of city services and equipment in the medium-sized cities of the province 2-Organization of workshops and industrial centers and animal husbandry and animal husbandry inside the city 3-Organization of the area of Amiriye town and its verification compared to the surrounding areas in order to prevent from the uncontrolled expansion of the city .

Urban studies in Iran are mainly focused on metropolitan areas and the least attention is paid to the management structure of middle cities. In this study, while addressing this gap, policies and practices that stimulate the growth of inclusive, safe, flexible and sustainable urban management in mid-sized cities are examined.

The purpose of the research is applied, which is a descriptive-analytical method based on library studies and field studies. Statistical sample size using available sampling, 30 specialists with purposive sampling method was performed. SPSS software and structural equation modeling with partial least squares method were used to analyze the data. Smart PLS software was used to evaluate the conceptual model of the research.

The analysis of path coefficients related to the 8 dimensions studied shows that the regularity index (0.745) has the highest impact, followed by the indicators of responsibility (0.684), participation (0.661), justice (0.641), transparency (0.529), efficiency. And effectiveness (0.429), accountability (0.356), and then pivotal consensus (0.317) have the least impact on urban management structure.

The planning system and management structure of middle cities lacks a coherent and clear approach to presenting the future perspective, which is caught in a multitude of unplanned and inefficient ones. Structurally, slowly achieve the desired development.

Introduction and structure:

Today, urbanization has local and global environmental consequences, this is reflected in the light of good management and in the light of looking at human dignity. Researchers have two main interpretations of this concept. First, the analysis begins with the state-centered aspects, and second with the social aspects, which the second approach implies changes in the existing power relations and therefore in the position of the state in the decision-making process. This evolution in the field of management led to the introduction of a green management approach. The benefits of this management can be considered in three parts: environmental benefits, positive economic effects and social aspect.Achieving green government and green management depends on institutional bedrock. Such an issue requires theoretical cooperation on how the green government is formed. The Green City Index is a measure that compares cities based on eight dimensions of sustainable development. The performance reports of these green cities are submitted annually to the World Bank as well as to international organizations.

This research has been conducted at the neighborhood level to study the indicators of urban green management and its effectiveness in order to answer the two questions of study and analysis.The first is the status of green management indicators and the second is the indicators affecting green management in Tajrish neighborhood The conceptual model is considered using community-based thinking and green management approach with global indicators and also using variables such as freedom, civil institutions, rule of law and the creation of justice and equal opportunities. Due to the nature of the research, the methods of data collection are library and field. The indicators were developed and then the relationship between the indicators of urban green management from the perspective of neighborhood residents was analyzed. SPSS and PLS software were used to analyze the data.

The results of the analysis of the current situation of urban management in Tajrish neighborhood based on green management indicators, indicate the unfavorable situation of urban management. Findings indicate that the highest average is related to the economic index (3.10). In the meantime, it seems that this space can improve its performance according to the existing potentials and indicators including green jobs, green investment and green taxes. The Green Infrastructure Index with its items shows that it has an average economic function with the region and has more income and also has a good infrastructure compared to other indicators with an average (2.92) but is lower than the average. Indicators for measuring the green community (2.77) Due to its age, the existence of Imamzadeh Saleh and the reliance on the market of social participation and cohesion, it has near-average conditions., Green Justice (2.10), Green Energy (1.82) are in the next ranks, respectively. Which is not suitable, especially the green energy index and its main is the lack of education and information. Due to the strategic location in this neighborhood, attention to environmental issues and the need to reform the structure of management and planning, as well as policy-making for the development of the green city is reminded. Therefore, considering the average indicators of green management, it can be said that urban management is of low quality due to the situation and potentials in Tajrish neighborhood. The results also show that the green community index explains green infrastructure and green community more than other green management indicators. In terms of infrastructure and green economy, due to the favorable situation of the residents of the neighborhood, green management can be explained by planning and reforming the structure of urban management.

Think of urban management as a system The implementation of green management in this system requires a dissent, democracy and the rule of law under the supervision of civic institutions. Transformation requires reforming the urban management structure from the current situation with a green approach to sustainable development. The current situation of urban management in Tajrish neighborhood has not been implemented due to the needs of its residents, the environmental conditions in this neighborhood and the residents' polls prove this claim.

In order to achieve sustainable development in the urban management structure of Iranian cities, especially metropolises, a specific model based on the characteristics and dimensions of this concept and the qualities of the target context, ie the context of Iran, must be drawn. The main purpose of this study is to explain the components of achieving sustainable environmental development in the urban management structure of the metropolis in Tabriz.

In this study, using the method of customary or conventional qualitative content analysis: the categories, sub-classes and subclasses of the structure of the urban management model of sustainable development-based in Iranian metropolises were explained with emphasis on the metropolis of Tabriz. The data collection tool was semi-structured in-depth face-to-face interviews with 23 experts related to the research objectives and purposeful sampling with maximum diversity until data saturation was achieved.

After analyzing the data, 4 floors, 20 sub-classes, 99 sub-categories were formulated. Economic, cultural-social, institutional and environmental-physical capacities as components of achieving sustainable development were explained for the first time in the urban management structure of Iranian metropolises.Discussion and

As a result, in order to achieve sustainable development, much attention must be paid to the structure of urban management.

Environmental performance indicators (EPIs) have received much attention in recent years. Despite significant environmental action and in line with international community, the decline of Iran's 22 steps in the ranking of the EPI biennial reports between 2014 and 2016 has been a major issue. Considering the role of urban management in metropolises as an important executive arm in the field of environment and sustainable development in the country, this review study aimed to investigate the environmental issues of urban management and present its status in 22 districts of Tehran. The 12 indices studied, including air pollution, noise pollution, water quality and quantity, etc . Along with the analysis of the results of the studies, the main causes of Iran's decline in the global ranking of EPI indices are further investigated. According to the results of the present study, environmental management, climatic and geographical conditions, non-compliance with environmental laws and regulations and differences in urban capacity and structure of Tehran municipality areas have led to urban management fluctuations in Tehran metropolitan environment. Is. Given the overlap of Tehran's environmental management indicators with the global indicators in EPI, it can be concluded that if the long-term goals in urban management are met, considering these three factors and regularly publishing the country's environmental activities report to international communities can be concluded. It is very important to promote Iran's 155th position on environmental performance indicators.

World population growth and concentrating in cities cause many environmental problems in big cities. The environmental issue is the most important issue in urban management. Audit of Environmental Management has always been considered as an important challenge in urban management. Evaluating of effective urban development on environmental elements can be prevented to negative effective developing. Providing an adequate model make minimized personal judgment of evaluators and causes a more realistic assessment of present situation.

Using AHP and combine it with audit programs, can assist them in achieving this goal. In this study, using standards determine and expert opinion the environment indicators in municipal management and then AHP method is used to determine the weights of indicators and sub indicators. This study presents a model of environmental auditing which was conducted in order to perform a case study in one of region of Tehran municipality.

The results showed that the most important problems in the field of environmental management in Tehran metropolis were transportation and traffic management, sewage and solid waste management, and green space ratio which had some unfavorable conditions in some of the studied areas.

One of the most important issues in performance appraisal is the potential impact of the personal judgment of appraisers on the appraisal process. In the presented model, the weight of effective factors and parameters affecting the performance of urban management environment were determined. Based on these weights, control strategies can be defined. The presented model is able to identify the weaknesses of urban management system in environmental performance.

Life quality is one of the most critical study areas in different countries and although it is an attractive and universal meaning, it does not have a universally accepted definition. The life quality of a person is depended on one's true and exterior reality and inner mental understanding of these factors. The importance of studying life quality and its role in public policy survey is a useful tool in urban management and planning. Due to the fact that one of the reasons of informing the new cities in Iran is to design desirable environment for the residents, it is critical to investigate the successfulness of construction companies of new cities and municipality.
Therefore, in this research, the effect of urban management function is studied from citizen's perspectives. The experimental method is used in this paper meanwhile in some parts descriptive-analytic methodology has been used. In order to gather the information of residents, 100 questionnaires were administered using field and library (in order to study the documentary facts in this area) method. In order to analyze the data SPSS software is used. The findings of the study indicate that there is a significant relationship between urban planning function with mentally and real quality from citizen's perspective with the coefficient correlation of 0/694.
The results show that providing urban installation has the most effect in the increase of life quality in Baharestan.
In conclusion, in order to improve the life quality in Baharestan, it is suggested to provide plans in order to modify installations such as electricity network, the collection of sewage and surface water, transit network and also to provide required services for the residents.

Urbanization creates significant changes in global ecosystems, while urban agro-ecosystems can provide valuable and desirable ecosystem services for human society. Understanding these services and taking them into account is necessary for the urban management of both today’s society and future generations. This study was conducted in 2015 in Mashhad parks. To evaluate services like carbon sequestration, oxygen production and pollutant removal, plant data in plots was entered in itree software and their values were calculated according to international gas tax and also social values. In order to evaluate services such as diversity in landscapes, water storage, soil formation, biological pest control and cultural services, a questionnaire was designed using a choice experiment method and the average of willingness of landscape experts to pay was analyzed. The urban forest of Mashhad has tree cover of 41. 6 percent; the three most common species are Acer negundo (17. 4%), Platanus orientalis (15. 6%) and Robinia pseudoacacia (11. 7%). The percentage of young trees was greater than others and, so, the ecosystem services of parks come mostly from younger trees. The population of exotic tree species was more than native ones, with most exotic tree species having their origins in North America (at 44. 1%) and 15. 9% with Asian origins. The gross carbon sequestration of trees was 1. 0387 tons per hectare per year, most of which belonged to Platanus orientalis. Oxygen production was 0. 24656 and pollutant removal was 0. 041 ton/ha/year, with carbon storage per hectare at 22. 769 tons. Results showed that the value of regulatory services like (carbon sequestration, oxygen production and pollutant removal) in Mashhad parks was 4 million Rials annually per hectare and carbon storage was 61 million Rials per hectare. As the atmosphere is a huge source of oxygen, this gas was not calculated in the monitory valuation. The amount of oxygen production in all parks was 290 tons which can provide for the needs of 115 persons. Species richness was 38 with a value of 22 million Rials. Total value of other regulatory services such as (landscape diversity, water storage, soil formation, biological pest control and cultural services) was negative and, of these services, the responders only have a willingness to pay 365 million Rials per ha annually for cultural and water storage services. From this amount, 240 million Rials was for cultural services and 133 thousand Rials was for water storage. There was no willingness to pay for the other services which they consider to be part of the Municipality’s tasks. More budget is needed for increasing ecosystem services and for saving the urban ecosystem.

Green roofs and walls are emerging as the new architectural approach, based on sustainable development concepts, particularly with promotion of per-capita recreational vegetation cover and improvement of the environmental quality in modern municipalities. In this analytical research a range of benefits were investigated, such as reducing rainwater run-off, supporting biodiversity, increasing energy efficiency, reducing noise pollution and providing local cooling by green roofs and walls etc. Investigations for city of Tehran indicates that using this technique can have a significant decrease (20,000 tons) of suspended dust in the air by an increase of vegetation cover equivalent to 100 square km (i.e. 20% increase), which in turn converts 37,000 tons of carbon dioxide into oxygen per day. It was also found that expansion of vegetation areas on the buildings roofs leads to 38,000 Megawatts-hour decease in electric consumption per year (i.e. 1.2% decrease in annual consumption).
Results in past research show that due to low per capita vegetation covers and greenery in the megacities like Tehran, relative to their comparable cities elsewhere, institutionalization of roof greeneries would be an effective approach to mitigate the otherwise adversely hazardous environmental impact in these over-crowded municipalities.