جستجوی مقالات مرتبط با کلیدواژه « خوزستان » در نشریات گروه « زیست شناسی »

Heavy metals, due to their indestructible nature, pose a serious threat to the health of aquatic animals as well as humans if a high concentration of them accumulates in the tissues of aquatic organisms. For this purpose, the present study was done with the aim of investigating native Bunni and Shabout fishes in tropical fish breeding farms of Khuzestan province with the perspective of contamination by heavy metals and risk assessment for consumers. In present study, the concentration level of thirteen heavy metals (arsenic, cadmium, cobalt, chromium, copper, iron, mercury, manganese, molybdenum, nickel, lead, tin and zinc), in the muscle tissue of (Mesopotamichthyssharpeyi) and (Barbus gryous) was measured. The results of this study showed that there were no significant difference between the concentration of heavy metals measured in Bunni and Shabout fishes. The findings of the research indicated that iron and arsenic had the highest and lowest concentrations in the muscle tissue of Bunni and Shabout fishes, respectively. Comparison of measured heavy metals with international health standards showed that the concentration of all metals except lead were significantly lower than the permissible limit (p < 0.05). The concentration of lead was significantly higher than the permissible limit (p < 0.05). The assessment of health risk showed that daily and continuous consumption of these products by consumers is completely safe, except for cadmium and lead and there is no risk for them. The average concentration of all measured metals except lead were lower than international standards. The estimation of daily intake of all measured heavy metals except cadmium and lead were less than global standards. The estimation of daily intake in all metals except cadmium and lead showed that the consumption of Shabout and Bunni fish currently does not pose a risk to human health, however, in order to prevent possible contamination in the future, management should pay more attention to these pollutants and their possible sources.

The science of ethnobotany is the collection of reliable data about the medicinal uses of plants in different cultures, which can be the basis for the discovery of new drugs. This research was conducted with the aim of identification and introduction of native medicinal use and ethnobotanical indicators of plant species of Susan in Susan region of Khuzestan province in Iran with an area of 1016 ha. Using a questionnaire, the data was collected from 80 (55 men and 25 women) native participants in the age range of 30-75 years old. Also, 109 species of medicinal plants belonging to 40 plant genera were collected and identified from Susan region in the northwest of Izeh city, Khuzestan, Iran. According to the obtained results, Asteraceae with 16 species, Lamiaceae with 12 species, Apiaceae with 8 species, Fabaceae with 7 species, and Brassicaceae with 6 plant species had the most medicinal uses. The results of the investigation of the traditional use of plants in this region showed that medicinal plants are mainly used for the treatment of digestive diseases, respiratory diseases, skin diseases, and blood circulation diseases (fat, high blood pressure, and blood sugar), urinary tract diseases, and as a sedative.

The only navigable river is the Karun River in Iran. Karun shipping history dates back to Nasser al-Din Qajar Shah. Climate change and drought, harvests more water and reduce its capacity, the existence of new railways and highways as the main competitors of cargo from the port of Mahshahr and Khorramshahr to Ahvaz due to the boom in river water transport has been falling. There are few studies on water transport in Karun river. In this study, some of their results are discussed in general. Then, based on the acceptance of the latest research, the most important physical barriers to river transportation have been identified and their remediation strategies adapted to the current situation. Then shipping Signs required of navigation and auxiliary's equipment for sailing have also been offered. Previous studies included :(Iranian structural consulting engineers, 2004; Adabdanan Consulting Engineers, 2004) and Especially (Scott Wilson and Piesold, 2005) It has been attributed to the heavy losses of water transportation, especially in the high tonnage of annual freight. The most recent study, ongoing surveys at the Khuzestan Water and Power Organization (Mansouri Kia, 2018) show that the transport medium (in the pessimistic scenario optimistic scenario about 700 thousand tons and 2133 thousand tons in the target year 1425), together with previous studies is the development of tourism can be no economic losses. Water transport is the base year 2020. Heavy financial losses were previously assumed for river transportation. The most important results of recent research suggest that these losses are reduced by modifying the design vessel dimensions.Another important result of the present study is identifying the physical problems for the Iranian rivers transportation and to provide solutions (except for the sediment removal problem that is being investigated at another study). Applying the research results on solving physical barriers and financial support by private investment (or other financing options), revive water transportation in Karun it is possible.

The aim of this study was to estimate the amount and species composition of discards in bottom trawl fisheries in the Bosif fishing ground in the coastal waters of Khuzestan. Furthermore, the biological parameters of discarded species were assessed. Specimens were collected from commercial catch data of trawl vessels in three seasons, autumn and winter 2017 and summer 2018. The results showed that discarded samples included 33 species from 28 families. Orangefin Pony fish and striped piggy species were the most frequent species in this study. The results also showed that the mean length of most of the discards species was below 30 centimeters. The amount of discards per unit of catching effort was 57.33±9.87, 27.50±16.64 and 32.33±7.50 in the autumn, winter and summer seasons, respectively. The catch per surface area in autumn, winter and summer were 2.77 ± 0.064, 0. 73 ±0.39 and 1.73 ± 0.44 kg/nm2, respectively. The results showed that CPUE and CPUA in winter were significantly higher than those in autumn and summer (p<0.05). In general, the results of this study represent high fishing pressure on ecologically important species in Bosif fishing ground especially in their critical life cycle which may affect local ecosystem structure and function in future.

The water frog (P. bedriagae) is considered as an important part of the food network balance in most ecosystems, it is affected by many environmental stresses and the distribution of its populations is strongly dependent on ecological factors. In this study, extensive sampling of swamp frog populations in the northern and southern parts of Khuzestan province was performed and the analysis of changes in morphological traits under the influence of geographical separation was performed. The results showed the presence of sexual morphology between morphological traits (T-test, ANOVA). In addition, the results of MANOVA and T2 Hotelling test showed demographic separation between males and the absence of demographic separation in females in the northern and southern regions. To prove such a difference, multivariate principal component analysis (PCA) was performed. According to the results of the test, the male populations were divided into two separate groups, while in the female populations only a few were scattered and the rest formed a single group. Finally, the cluster analysis of the studied populations was divided into two groups based on morphometric traits, the population of Shush region and the population of the southern regions and parts of the northern regions. According to the results, despite the two morphologies and demographic separation in males based on morphological traits, demographic separation was not fully confirmed. Thus, despite the geographical separation of the populations of the two northern and southern regions of Khuzestan province, they still show a single population in terms of morphological traits.

This research was aimed to investigate the concentration of heavy metals (including copper, vanadium, lead, and nickel) in water, sediment, muscle, and liver tissues of Sillago sihama living in the Khour-e-Mousa, Khuzestan province. Samples were picked randomly from three stations during winter and summer and the concentration of heavy metals was measured using atomic absorption spectrometry (flame and flameless GF AAS). Based on the results, the bioaccumulation index (BI) of liver tissue for these four elements was measured 183.33, 0.05, 0.29, and 2.35 in winter, and 21.7, 0.07, 0.25, and 1.05 in summer, respectively. Moreover, the BI for muscles was measured 130, 0.02, 0.07, and 1.45 in winter and 18.3, 0.02, 0.07, and 0.49, in summer, respectively. The results showed that there was a significant linear relationship between the concentration of heavy metals in sediment with their accumulation rate in muscle and liver tissues of Silver sillago. According to the results of this study, the ecological risk potential index (RI) was however rated low at the ecological risk range, since, Khour-e-Mousa is known as one of the most sensitive ecological and environmental areas and there are signs of an increasing trend of metal pollution. It raises serious concerns for the region in terms of ecology and public health.

Mesquite (Prosopis juliflora) belonging to Fabaceae that is originally a Native American plant, was brought to Iran to develop urban green spaces in the past decades. At present, it is an alien invasive plant and occupies a wide range of natural habitats in Khuzestan province (southwestern Iran). The aim of the present study was the assessment of genetic diversity in some populations of this species in Khuzestan province using Conserved DNA Derived Polymorphism (CDDP) molecular markers. Twenty samples from four distinct populations were evaluated using 20 CDDP primers. The resulted data were analyzed by NTSYS, Popgene and GenAlex softwares. The primers generated 212 bands, from which 194 bands (91.94%) were polymorphic. The highest and lowest means of genetic diversity were 0.221 and 0.114 for the populations of Khorramshahr and Ahvaz, respectively. Clustering analysis using Jaccard's similarity coefficient and UPGMA method classified the samples in two separate groups at 22% similarity level, reflecting their genetic variations. Molecular Variance Analysis also showed that the genetic diversity in intra-population was higher (51%) than inter-population (49%). This study indicated the high potentiality of the CDDP marker for assessing genetic diversity of Prosopis juliflora populations.

The most essential oil compounds in the A.sieberi L., A.aucheri L. and A.vulgaris L. were alpha-pinene, camphene, sabinene, limonene, artemisia-ketone, borneol, caryophyllene, germacrene-D and beta-eudesmol.  The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of climatic conditions of two different regions of Khuzestan province (Masjed Soleiman and Izeh) and phenological stages (vegetative, flowering and seeding stages) on ​​the quantitative and qualitative characteristics of essential oil of three species of Artemisia (sieberi, aucheri and vulgaris) belonging to the Asteraceae family. This research was conducted in a completely randomized design in 3 replications. After collecting the shoots of plants in different stages, the essential oil was extracted by steam distillation and GC and GC / MS was used to identify the compounds. The most effective essential oil compounds were alpha-pinene, camphene, sabinen, limonene, artemisia-ketone, borneol, caryophyllene, germacrene-di and beta-odemsol. In addition, the amounts of volatile components and monoterpene hydrocarbons such as alpha-pinene and limonene in essential oils decreased from Masjed-Solieyman (tropical) to Izeh (temperate), however the percentage of sesquiterpene hydrocarbons such as caryophyllene increased. Therfore to obtain the most essential oil in the three studied species of Artemisia, harvesting in tropical climate at the beginning of flowering stage is suggested.

The city of Ahvaz is considered the most polluted city in the world by blowing dust from neighboring countries which makes this study important. The results show that the smaller the particles, the more permeable they become and pass through the respiratory filters and causing disease. In this study, the effect of fine particulate matters in different cities of Khuzestan province of Iran was compared on the liver histology and oxidative stress enzymes of male rats. 30 adult male rats were divided into six equal groups including control, Ahvaz, Ramhormoz, Andimeshk, Abadan, and Susangard which were treated for two months. The results of serum oxidative stress enzyme activity increased only for the glutathione peroxidase in Ramhormoz and Abadan groups. The histological examination of liver revealed bleeding, mild hyperemia, and changes in hepatocyte cells. The nuclear area in central vein region, hepatocyte area in portal, and vein regions showed significant changes. Moreover, kupffer cell number of the portal region significantly increased in Ahvaz, Abadan, and Andimeshk groups. Therefore, due to different heavy metals composition, fine dusts have different effects on blood and liver parameters which depend on their amount and duration of exposure.

Particles in fine dust have the first rank of carcinogens, making their study necessary. The previous results showed that particles with aerodynamic diameters of 2.5 and 10 micrometers are more permeable and pass through respiratory filters and are the main cause of damage. In this study, the effect of fine particulate matters in different cities of Khuzestan province of Iran on blood cells of male rats was compared. Thirty adult male rats were divided into six equal groups, including control, Ahvaz, Ramhormoz, Andimeshk, Abadan, and Susangerd and were treated for two months. The results of blood cell analysis showed an increase in the number of white blood cells, especially lymphocytes in Ahvaz group, while the volume of platelets was significantly reduced. In most groups, a significant decrease was observed in RDW and the amount of hematocrit in Ramhormoz and Susangerd groups showed a significant increase compared to the control group. Therefore, given the different heavy metals composition, fine dusts have different effects on blood parameters, depending on their amount and duration of exposure.

Study on ecology and biology of scorpions is very limited and the basis of this information the country, Iran, is the identification of habitats, and morphology of scorpions in different regions of Orthochirus species are widely distributed in the world. So far, 17 species have been identified throughout the world, of which 7 species have been found in different regions of Iran. In this study, Orthochirus specimens were collected from different regions of Khuzestan province and evaluated based on 27 morphometric values and 18 morphometric ratios. Four species, O. iranis, O. zagrosensis, O. farzanpay, and O. stackwelli were identified from different regions of Khuzestan province. Orthochirus. iranis and O. stackwelli had the most (41.6%) and the least (13.8%) frequencies, respectively, in the various regions of the province. The results of morphological studies and statistical analyzes on morphometric showed the complete separation of four types. Differences of species were confirmed based on the characteristics and ratios of the fourth segment of metasoma, carapace and telson sizes, the position of the median eyes, and pedipalp chela length and movable finger. The result of cluster analysis indicated that O. stackwell is morphologically distinct from other groups and had the most similarities between O. iranis and O. zagrosensis.

Skeletocronology is a reliable method for estimating the age but in amphibians little researches have been done in this field. In the present study, for the first time in the country of Iran, the age structure of the population, growth pattern and reproductive primary age were studied in the populations of marsh frog in the northern and southern regions of Khuzestan province. For this purpose, 20 female and male marsh frog samples were fished alive in the Khuzestan province and transferred to the laboratory. After biometric studies, the specimens were prepared and after the removal of the bones of the limbs, bone samples were passaged as routine histotechnique. The number of growth stop lines and samples age were determined. In order to determine the relationship between age and body weight, body length and age with eye lens weight, the data was analyzed statistically. the maximum number of loops counted in this population is . The adult age of males of northern and southern, males of the northern and males of the southern regions was determined 2,2 and 3 years respectively. with increasing age of females, the co-integration rate of females was reduced which is explainable by the reduction in bioavailability due to the increase in biological age. According to the results, there was a significant correlation between age of animals with body and  eye lens weight, but there was no significant correlation between age of  animals with body length, except a limited number of males in northern regions (P<0.05) There was.

Aromatic herbs are considered the most valuable antioxidant source in nature. In this research, 3 different ecotypes of Oliveria decumbens vent. were collected from three important regions in Khuzestan province, including Behbahan, Shushtar and Masjed Soleyman in flowering stage. Essential oils were extracted by hydrodistillation method (Clevenger apparatus) and d were analyzed by GC /Mass and the antioxidant activities were specified by using 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) assay. Results were showed that the highest thymol (29.67) and carvacrol (27.88%) were dominanted in Behbahan region oil. The percentage of degradation of DPPH free radicals in different concentrations of essential oil including 50, 100, 200, 300, and 400 μl were calculated to determine the antioxidant activity of the essential oil. The IC50 values were calculated 34.21, 26.85 and 21.23, respectively from Shushtar, Masjed Soleyman and Behbahan regions. Finally, Behbahan ecotype with the highest source of thymol, carvacrol and antioxidant properties can be considered as a new best natural source of antioxidant supply.

In this study age, growth and maturity of Hilsa shad in Khuzestan province were analyzed. 394 number of fishes from marine habitat (Life-Boseif), estuaries (Bahmanshir and Arvand) and rivers (Bahmanshir and Karoon) from February 2014 to September 2014 were collected using commercial fishing with gill net. Total length and wet weight of each fish were measured with precision of 1 cm and 1 gram. Sagittal otoliths were extracted for age determination of the fish. Then abdominal cavity of each sample were opened for determining sex and maturity stage. Growth parameters were calculated using von Bertalanffy growth function (L∞=58.365, K=0.26, t0=-0.16). Phi-prime constant was obtained 2.95. Length and age at first maturity were obtained 27.32cm and 2.4 g respectively using logistic model to fit a and b parameters with observed data in spawning season.

Diesel oil is the major product of crude oil. This product is the main pollutant of environment and has hazardous effects on the environment. Bioremediation is the best method for remediation of this pollutant, because this method use nature potential for remediation and also this method has a low cost.
In this study, for isolation of diesel-oil degrading bacteria sampling performed from contaminated regions. The prevalent diesel-oil degrading bacteria were identified by biochemical and molecular methods. Some properties in these bacteria were analyzed such as: hydrophobicity and emulsification activity. The percentage of diesel-oil degradation was assayed for each strain by Gas Chromatography (GC) and qualitative test.
In this research 34 diesel-oil degrading bacteria were isolated. From these strains 10 strains were selected according to diesel-oil degradation. These strains belong to Achromobacter¡ Enterobacter and Klebsiella. The half percentages of diesel-oil were removed by these strains in 10 days of incubation. The best strain for degradation of diesel was Enterobacter cloacae strain L2 (72%). The highest hydrophobicity is related toKlebsiella oxytoca strain K2 (76%) and the best emulsification activity belongs to Achromobacter denitrificans strain B2 (58 %).
Discussion and The results of this research confirmed that diesel degrading bacteria have sufficient diversity in soil contaminated in Iran. These bacteria have good potential for remediation of diesel pollution from soil.

Gundelia tournefortii L. is an endemic valuable forag - medicinal plants, belongs to Asteraceae family. This study was evaluated to total phenol, flavonoide content and antioxidant activity of Gundelia tournefortii L. in different stages of growth from four habitats in north east of Khozestan province (900 m). The aerial parts of plant were collected from 4 natural habitats (Dare-Khorson, Shahzade Ahmad1, Shahzade Ahmad2 and Dehdez) in three stages: vegetative, flowering and seed dispersal. Total phenol (TP) and total flavonoids (TF) of methanol extracts were measured by spectrophotometry and antioxidant activity by scavenging free radicals of DPPH and then were analyzed based on multivariate variance (MANOVA). Results were showed that in all habitats, plant parts and phenological stages of plant had significant effect on antioxidant activity, total phenol and flavonoid contents of plant in 99 percent (P

This study was conducted in order to bioaccumulation of heavy metals Zn, Cu, Cd and Pb in shell and muscle of white shrimp native species of Khouzestan Province in summer and winter of 2013, 80 samples were collected from station of Bahrekan in coast of Hendijan, West-North of Persian Gulf. Then Biometry and preparation of shell and muscle samples, metals were extracted using acid digestion method and concentration of heavy metals was measured by Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer. Results showed that in shell and summer total of metals were higher than muscle and winter season and was significant relationships between them (P≤0.05). The maximum concentration of Zn in shell and two season summer and winter observed (44.61± 1.67 and 16.33±1.37 mg/kg dry weigh) and the minimum concentration of Cd (0.1±0.004 and 0.001±0.0001 mg/kg dry weigh) was determinate. There was a significant relationship between water and shrimp for accumulation of heavy metals in two seasons (P≤0.05). Results showed accumulation of Cd was higher than the NHMRC and the INSO standard.

Many Species of fungi with ability to metabolize of petroleum hydrocarbons are known so far. These fungi are resistant in oil contaminated sites.This investigation aims at studying fungal population diversity in oil contaminated soils of Khuzestan province and identifying fungal flora in these regions. Crude oil contaminated soil samples were collected from different regions of Khuzestan province. For isolation and enumeration of total heterotrophic fungi, Potato Dextrose Agar medium supplemented with streptomycine was used. The isolated fungi were identified via morphological studies, staining by lactophenol cotton blue, observation with a light microscope and comparing with descriptive and canonizative refereces. Total fungal counts ranged from 0.41 × 102 to 3333.33 × 102 CFU/g. Isolated fungi belong to Aspergillus, Penicillium, Fusarium, Candida, Rhodotorula, Aureobasidium, Mucor, Rhizopus and Acremonium. Most dominant genera were Aspergillus and Penicillium. Discussion and Studies on isolation of fungi in oil containing environments showed that, abundance and fungal diversity in different stations significantly were different. The increase in the number of fungi in crude oil soils showes the probability of degradation and consumption of oil contaminated by fungi. Diversity and distribution of soil microbial population are determined by a number of environmental factors such as pH, electrical conductivity and soil organic matter.

This study was carried out during the March to June 2010. Grey Hypocolius Hypocolius ampelinus breeding season began on 3 May with the egg laying behavior and finished on 10 June with fledging stage. During the study period، 11 nests including 50 eggs surveyed. Mean of the clutch sizes were 4. 54 (4-5) and brood sizes varied from 1-2 chicks. The average of the length، width and weight of the eggs were calculated respectively; 23. 52±0. 99 mm، 18. 85±0. 47 mm، 4. 76±0. 33 gr. The egg laying and incubation time lasted 3. 0±0. 81 and 15. 75±1. 25 days respectively. The rate of the hatching، nestling، and post-nestling success were calculated 56%، 52% 52%، respectively. The breeding success calculated 53. 33%. There were no significant difference with respect to the different clutch and brood sizes. But، significant difference observed between the mortality rates in different stages of breeding cycles (P<0. 05). This difference between the egg and nestling (P<0. 05) and egg and post-nestling (P<0. 001) stages indicated the significant effect. Touching the eggs due to the researcher presence indicated a negative significant effect on the breeding success especially in the egg stage (P<0. 05). Presence of different predators such as Grey Hypocolius، Echis carinatus، Coluber rhodorachis، rodents، Vulpes vulpes and Canis aureus are the most important of natural factors resulting the decline of breeding success Most of the eggs mortality occurred due to touching effect result in researcher presence. Grey Hypocolius pairs in 80% of cases left their nests and built a new ones in 50-70 m around the previous nests.