جستجوی مقالات مرتبط با کلیدواژه « مس » در نشریات گروه « زیست شناسی »

Increasing the production and use of nanoparticles in the environment has raised concerns about their effects on living organisms. In this study the effect of CuO- NPs on the lettuce growth and its uptake by the plant were investigated in a research greenhouse and in soil environment at Davis university of California. Treatments included control (distilled water), CuCl2 and CuO- NPs which applied 14 days after planting. During the plant growth, Plastochron Index (PI), Leaf Plastochron Index (LPI) of leaf number 4, copper (Cu) concentration in leaf number 4 by ICP-MS and Cu concentration in leaves with specific plastochron index by Laser Ablation-ICP-MS were measured. Results showed that the effect of nanoparticles on the PI of whole plant and leaf number 4 was not significant. The Cu concentration in leaf number 4 was decreased with time after application of nanoparticles treatment. Measurement of Cu concentration by LA-ICP-MS showed the insignificant difference in Cu concentration between different parts of leaf and between nanoparticles treatment with other treatment. Also, the highest concentration of Cu was observed in between veins than other parts of the leaf. It seems that CuO- NPs have not been absorbed by the plant and have little effect on plant growth. More studies with other plants are recommended.

In this study, we compared the impact of high Cu concentrations on the photosynthetic apparatus and antioxidant capacity of the Phlomis tuberosa. Plants were grown in perlite culture for 5 weeks, and then treated with 0, 100, 200, 300 and 400 µM Cu for 21 days. Results indicated that Phlomis tuberosa plants showed tolerance to 100 and 200 µM Cu. This increased tolerance was achieved through enhancement in antioxidant system activity. However, exposure to high Cu (300 and 400 µM) showed the highest level of stress leading to higher hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) and malondialdehyde (MDA) levels and lower inferred oxygen evolving complex activity (Fv/Fo) and calculated Performance Index (PIabs) values. Based on effective concentration (EC50 – substrate Cu concentration resulting in 50% biomass reduction) parameter, Cu toxicity thresholds for Phlomis tuberosa plants were determined at substrate Cu levels up to 300 µM. Interestingly, plants exposed to medium Cu levels for 21 days exhibited higher nitric oxide (NO) accumulation in the leaves, which was associated with enhanced levels of antioxidative enzyme activities, whilst maintaining photosynthesis.

The toxicity of heavy metals such as copper and nickel induces oxidative stress in tomato cultivars, due to the production of free radicals and damage to the plasma membrane due to toxic amounts of copper and nickel. When the negative effects of oxidative stress exceed the ability of the antioxidant resistance system, the plant decreases its growth and yield. In this research, we tried to study the simultaneous effect of two histidine and malate ligands on growth improvement and oxidative stress reduction in two new tomato cultivars including Cal J N3 and Early urbana under simultaneous stresses of copper and nickel in standard hydroponic conditions. 9 post-optimization treatments containing concentrations of 150 and 300 μM of copper and nickel, 300 and 600 μM of histidine and 1 and 2 mM of malate were in the base of Hoagland solution. The treatments were applied to plants cultivated at 50 ml Falcon tube containing Hoagland solution without culture medium in three replications. After treatment, parameters such as morphological growth, total protein content, changes in the activity of catalase and peroxidase enzymes, H2O2 accumulation, Malon dialdehyde and so on were measured in both cultivars. The results showed that the simultaneous use of 600 μM and 2 mM from histidine and malate ligands had a significant effect on oxidative stress improvement on tomato cultivars under 300 μM of nickel and copper stresses. Thus, by adding ligands in stress conditions, oxidant indices improved in comparison with control, indicating a greater correlation between plasma membrane and reduced absorption and transport of nickel and copper free cations. In addition, Cal j N3 cultivar gave a more significant relative response to growth and oxidation parameters of ligands under stress conditions. Ligands seem to be confronted by the influence of heavy metals on physiological, molecular, enzymatic activity and nutrient substitution, which it is suggested to study the effect of ligands on the molecular level.

Diabetes is a metabolic disease that is caused by a chronic increase in blood sugar due to a defect in insulin secretion or function. This study demonstrates the relationship between serum zinc, copper, magnesium and chromium trace elements in the patient population.

In this study, subjects were randomly selected in three groups, including 50 females, 50 males and 100 controls. Data were collected through interviews and questionnaires. Serum trace elements in the blood of fasting patients were evaluated using atomic absorption spectrometry, direct calorimetry and photometry.

Evidence from this study indicates that the mean serum zinc and copper concentrations in diabetic compared to non-diabetic patients were significantly decreased (P <0.001) and (P = 0.025). On the other hand, serum concentrations of chromium and magnesium in diabetic and non-diabetic subjects were not significantly different. Linear regression analysis of gender was not statistically significant and the decrease in serum zinc and copper concentrations was independent of individual gender.

Evaluation of serum concentration of trace elements shows that the concentration of two elements of zinc and copper in diabetes is significant and can be an appropriate marker for the probability of diabetes. Decreased zinc levels and unchanged levels of chromium and magnesium in diabetic serum should be sought for other factors such as individual conditions, urinary incontinence and Interventional factors that require further study.

Present study deal with to ability of two Eucalyptus species (Eucalyptus Microtheca, Eucalyptus camaldulensis) for Pb and Cu absorption from pollutant soil. To design a test, the 6-months seedlings of Eucalyptus were selected from seedling with similar quality. To heavy metals test, three treatments of Cu (5, 10, 20 mm) using CuSO4 and three treatments of Pb (50, 100, 200 mm) using Pb(NO3)2 were choosing to adding soil (loam) pots. Then sampling were done from leave, root and stem of two species in 3 repeat. Dry acid digestion method was used to prepare the samples. The concentrations of heavy metals in the samples were analyzed using ICP-OES. Results between two species showed that totally there is no significant difference between two species (Eucalyptus Microtheca, Eucalyptus camaldulensis) in Pb and Cu absorption. But result of comparing between different concentrations and organs indicated roots showed better function and in this regard E. camaldulensis illustrated better results. As Maximum Pb absorbtion in root of two species (E. camaldulensis and Eucalyptus Microtheca) are 4323.3, 3226 mg/kg respectively and Maximum Cu absorbtion in root of two species are 1382/2, 846 mg/kg respectivel . Also, there is significant difference between absorption and threshold limit in two species that showed this species has a good ability for phytoremediation and removal pollutant from soil.

In chronic copper (Cu) poisoning, Cu is gradually deposited in the liver. When the copper storage capacity is exceeded in liver, it may result in hepatocellular necrosis and consequently release of Cu into the blood stream and causes sever hemolysis, jaundice and renal insufficiency. Kerman province has a rich copper soil due to copper industries. In recent years, wide studies are performed on the effects of plants in various diseases. One of these plants is Origanum vulgare with different therapeutic effects. The present study was set to investigate the effects of Origanum vulgare on long term Cu consumption in ovary. Twenty-four mature female rats were randomly divided to 4 groups including copper group (copper sulfate 200 mg/kg), treatment (copper sulfate 200 mg/kg㪸ꁪ箦 extraction, 400 ppm), control (the same volume of distilled water) and Origanum (the same volume of extract) groups. All of rats were sacrificed 49 days after the beginning of treatments. Both of ovary were removed for histopathological and morphometrical evaluations. Morphometrically, the mean of primary follicle, growing follicle, antral follicle and corpus loteum in the copper group showed significant decrease than the control groups. The mean of atretic follicle in the copper group showed significant increase rather than other groups. Results show that Origanum extract can reduce copper injuries due to antioxidative effects.

Aims: Heavy metal pollution is a worrisome environmental problem around the world. This study aimed at evaluating the efficiency of spirogyra to remove heavy metals such as chromium (Cr), copper (Cu), and zinc (Zn) from the aquatic environments. The present experimental research was carried out on spirogyra of aqueducts in Birjand. The experimental method was considered one-factor-at-a-time. Effect of pH parameters, adsorbent dosage, contact time, initial concentration of Cr, Cu, and Zn at adsorption of heavy metals by spirogyra and Kinetic models, and Langmuir adsorption isotherms, Freundlich, and Temkin were examined. Findings: The highest percentage of Cr (84.48%) and Cu (76.85%) removal occurred at pH 3 and 5, respectively with initial concentration of 20mg/l Cr and Cu at 15 and 40 minutes, respectively, in 3g algae biomass. Also, the highest Zn removal efficiency (89.26%) occurred at pH=5, initial concentration of 20mg/l, and adsorbent dosage of 2g/l over a 20 minutes period. Adsorption of Cr, Cu, and Zn were followed by Langmuir model with correlation coefficient 0.9983, 0.9924, and 0.9977, respectively. According to the kinetics results, the adsorption of Cr, Cu, and Zn were followed by pseudo second model with coefficients of 0.9922, 0.9767, and 0.9953, respectively. Spirogyra has a high ability to remove chromium, copper, and zinc from aquatic environments.

Date have a significant contribution in the food basket of humans in many countries of the world, including Iran and it’s one of the most valuable foods that make up most of it sugar. Water, cellulose, pectin, ash and minerals are other ingredients of the date composition. So dates are one of the most important sources of mineral salts in a balanced diet. For this reason, the presence of toxic pollutants in dates causes many diseases in humans. Therefore, monitoring the quality and health of this natural product is essential. For this purpose, in 2016, a study was conducted to investigate the amount of heavy metals (lead, cadmium, copper and zinc) in consumer dates in Ahwaz. This experiment was carried out 3 replications and in the form of the completely randomized design (CRD). Statistical analyses were performed using the MSTST-C statistical package and means were compared with Duncan test at 5 percent level. Experiments related to the estimation of the amount of the metals were carried out using atomic absorption of furnace to detect heavy metals (Cadmium, lead) and atomic absorption of flame for the detection of heavy metals (Zinc and Copper). The results of this study showed that the average of total concentration of Cd, Pb, Cu, and Zn in date samples were equal to 0.713±1.96 ,3.53± 2.74, 0.136± 0.072 and 4.433±0.324. The results of analysis of variance indicated that there was a significant difference between the samples in terms of heavy metals (lead, Cadmium, Zinc and Copper) at 1% level. The results showed that the Dairy date had the highest amount of lead (8 µg. g-1) and Cadmium (33.6 µg. g-1), Zahedi date had the highest copper (0.31 µg. g-1) and Gentar date had the highest Zinc content (29.1 µg. g-1), indicating a low level of these heavy metals in comparison with the date standard, which indicated a high degree of confidence in the determination of their health and safety for consumption.

Aim and Identification of strains resistant to the toxic metal is an effective step in the process of bioremidation. This study aimed to determine the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of bacteria resistant to copper and some antibiotics bacteria isolated from copper smiths’ workshop in Isfahan.
In this study, the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of bacteria was determined against copper and then the final identification colony- PCR was performed using the technique and evaluted copper -resistant bacteria and resistance against several .
•:Among the resistant bacteria isolated highest MIC (2 mM) of the copper from waste copper were determined. Resistant bacteria including antibiotic-resistant strains of Stenotrophomonas maltophilia, which was than most.
•: Due to the large number of bacteria resistant to antibiotics and resistant bacteria at the same time as the copper, unfortunately, these bacteria can in the future be used for the biosorption of copper from the environment unless they removed the gene for antibiotic resistance.

Soil and plant resource management has been introduced in recent years as one of the most important ways to reduce management costs using modern methods, including artificial intelligence techniques. The present study attempted to use the neural network method to predict the nutritional status of the two copper and zinc elements in the Echinops plant using the data of the chemical forms of the copper and zinc elements, as well as the stability indicators of the aggregates. For this purpose, the chemical forms of the two elements of copper and zinc, as well as the average of weight diameter and geometric mean diameter of aggregates in 34 soil samples, and zinc and copper concentrations in the Echinops plant were analyzed for each soil sample and eventually Multilayer perceptron modeling was performed using Levenberg-Marquardt algorithm with four separate inputs in each section. The results showed that the sum of carbonate and exchangeable forms as the input data had the highest coefficient of variation and the lowest standard error in predicting Zn concentration of the plant. On the other hand, the total exchange and carbonate forms with the stability of aggregates as inputs had the best prediction of the copper status of the plant. Unlike zinc, soil physical data (aggregate stability indicators) could have a significant effect on predicting the state of copper in the plant.

To evaluate the rooting of New Giunea impatiens (Impatiens hawker stem) cuttings under arbuscular mycorrhiza (Glomus mosseae) and its effect on nutrient elements absorption, an experiment as factorial in complete random design with three replications in the greenhouse was established. Experiment factors were four levels of synergistic mycorrhiza in 0, 11 and 22 percent (as powder) and 20 percent (as solution, v/v). Cutting were collected from seed propagated stock plant (Devine Scarlet Red, F1) and planted in medium mycorrhiza incubated pots contributed in 50% of peat moss, 40% of perlite and 10% percent of rice husk (v/v). One month after planting, rooting percentage, root length, number and volume and root fresh and dry matter were evaluated. Results showed that unless rooting percentage, the significant difference in 0.01 probability observed in all evaluated traits. The most root length and volume (32 cm and 34.66 mm3) and root fresh and dry matter (26.49 and 0.73 g) was related to 22% percent treatment. Five months after planting, other group of rooted cuttings was evaluated for element absorption content. The most leaf nitrogen (2.6%), phosphorus (0.419%), potassium (2.66%), zinc (73.52 mg/kg) and copper (18.77 mg/kg) content observed in 22% treatment. In this experiment mycorrhiza application in medium (as powder) showed better results compared to solution treatment.

Copper is an essential plant micronutrient, required for the protein components of several enzymes. Salicylic acid (SA) or orthohydroxy benzoic acid and other compounds which are belong to this group are plant phenolic that play a major role in regulation of many physiological processes e.g. growth, develoment , ion absorption and germination. In present research effect of different concentration of Copper sulfate (0,0/5,1,1/5 mM) and salicylic acid (5μM) on some physiological activities in two cultivar (Partov and Gohar) of mung bean (Vigna radiata L.) was studied, in hydroponic culture. The experiment was based on a completely randomized dosing with four replicates.We found that excess Copper, in both cultivar, cause a decrease in starch content of leaves in these plant. Proline, soluble sugar and Catalas activity enzyme was increased. Salicylic acid alleviated effect of excess Cu in leaves. We found that under cu stress Gohar is more resistant than partov cultivar.

This study aimed to investigate the effect of different concentrations of methyl jasmonate (0, 5, 10 and 20 μ) in plants under different levels of Cu (0, 50, 100 and 200 μ) were performed. Proline, reducing sugars and absorption of iron, zinc, magnesium and copper were measured in plants. The determination of Mg, Fe, Zn, Cu contents was performed on a model Vista MPX Varian inductively coupled plasma-optical emission spectroscopy (ICP-OES) under optimized measurement condition. Our results showed that with the increase of copper concentration in the nutrient solution of copper accumulation in shoots and roots increased. Use of methyl jasmonate reduces the amount of copper in plants. The presence of large amounts of copper in the nutrient solution, iron content in roots increased while decreased in shoots. Use of methyl jasmonate reduces the amount of iron in the shoots. The magnesium content of copper stress on root crops decreased while the magnesium content was unchanged compared with controls. The rate of decline in plant roots and shoots did not change. Methyl jasmonate treatment of certain concentrations under increasing amounts of copper ions such as magnesium and zinc in the shoot.

The capability of plant species to accumulate heavy metals in their organs is a factor to alleviate the pollution in the environment. Plants can alleviate environmental pollution using accumulation, uptake and transformation methods, which can change their antioxidant activities. The present study was conducted to investigate Fe and Cu accumulation in root and shoot of Alyssum linifolium, Salvia multicaulis, Muscari neglactum, and Verbascum Thapsus and their antioxidant responses in a Copper mine located in East Azarbaijan. The results showed that the maximum and minimum accumulation of Fe was respectively recorded in the roots of M. neglactum and V. thapsus). In addition, the highest and lowest Cu accumulation was also found in the roots of M. neglactum and V. Thapsus, while there was no significant difference among plant shoots for Fe and Cu. The maximum and minimum SOD and APX activities were observed in M. neglactum and V. Thapsus, respectively, whereas there was no significant difference for MAD among all plant species.

Methyl jasmonate is a phytohormone widely distributed and plays an important role in some physiology activities in plant. Copper is an essential element for plants. On the other hand, excess copper is present in certain regions and environments, and can be potentially toxic to plants causing phytotoxicity by the formation of reactive oxygen species that damage cells. In this study, we examined impact of various concentrations of methyl jasmonate (0, 5, 10, and 20 µM) on reducing of oxidative stress in Garden cress (Lepidium sativum L.) under different levels of Cu (50, 100, and 200 µM CuSO4) copper stress.The results showed that copper stress treatment alone increased MDA, H2O2 and antioxidative enzyme activity like catalase (CAT), guaiacol peroxidase (GPX), ascorbate peroxidase (APX) and plant survival under copper stress. It is indicating that methyl jasmonate treatment caused decrease in oxidative damge and increase copper tolerance of plants significantly.

Heavy metals are at present classified among the most important and dangerous water pollutants and are considered as the serious threat to human health. Current study has been focused on concentration of two heavy metals; Zinc and Copper in the flesh of Macrobrachium rosenbergii and to observe their induced histopathological alterations in gills and hepatopancreas. The levels of Zn and Cu in 20 giant freshwater prawn specimensfrom Siahrood River in Mazandaran Province, Iran, were investigated during winter 2013. The concentrations of the metals were carried out by using Atomic Absorption SpectrophotometerThe gills and hepatopancreas specimens from each prawn were sampled in order to reveal the histopathological changes. Statistical analysis was carried out by SPSS19 software. The mean concentrations of Zn and Cu in the muscle of examined prawn were 1/011 ± 0.01 and 1.785 ± 0.02(mg/kg dry weight) respectively. Using one sample t-test at 95% confidence limit, there were significant difference in the levels of Zn and Cu, but there were not any significant difference in correlation between the mean concentration of Zn and Cu and the average of body lengths and weights. The data show that the concentrations of Zn and Cu in the flesh of prawn are below the legal value for aquatic products established by WHO, NHMRC and UK(MAFF), showed that the giant freshwater prawn frominvestigated region are safety for human consumption. In histopathological view, Edema, Inflammatory cells and epithelial hyperplasia changes of gills with lots of mucus were observed. In hepatopancreas atrophy and fatty changes were existed.

Copper (Cu) and zinc (Zn) are the important trace elements for plant growth، which also play key roles in many structural and biochemical function in plants. In this study، regarding the high importance of the Savory (Satureja hortensis) plants in pharmaceuticals and food industries، the effects of different levels of Cu and Zn on essential oils content، yield and composition of reference plant were undertaken to investigate. The employed treatments were considered as Cu (0، 5، 25 mg kg-1 soil from CuSO4. 5H2O) and Zn (0، 10، 50 mg kg-1 soil from ZnSO4. 2H2O) as well as their combination. Isolated essential oil (EO) was analyzed using GC and GC-MS apparatus. The results revealed that the highest and the lowest EO content and yield are obtained in Cu5Zn10 and Cu25Zn50 treatments، respectively. The GC-MS analysis showed that carvacrol، γ-terpinene، p-cymene and delta-3-carene are the main EO constituents and found in Cu5Zn10، Cu25Zn50، Cu25Zn10 and Cu5Zn0 treatments، respectively. The comparison of EO content، yield and compositions of plants treated with different Cu and Zn levels indicated that this characteristics and especially oxygenated monoterpenes value are increased with the low levels of employed elements and subsequently decreased with increasing the elements dosages.

The present study was designed to investigate the effects of 0.0125, 0.035, 0.075 and 0.15 ppm sub-lethal concentration of copper on hematological parameters (Hb, HCT, RBC, WBC, MCV, MCH, MCHC, lymphocyte, monocyte, neutrophil and eosinophil count) of the Oncorhynchus mykiss. Samples weighted 18±3 gr and exposure to CuSo44 for a week. Physicochemical properties of water were 14±2 Cº temperature, 7-8 pH, and 270 mg/l Caco3. Total red blood cells, total leukocyte count, hemoglobin, mean cell volume (MCV), mean cell hemoglobin (MCH), mean cell hemoglobin concentration (MCHC), hematocrit, lymphocyte, neutrophil, eosinophil, and monocyte were measured by routine laboratory methods. Analysis of hematological parameters showed that, CuSo4 stimulated White blood cells, Lymphocytes, Hemoglobin, Neutrophil, Hematocrit, MCH, MCHC and MCV and did not any effect on Monocyte and Eosinophil. In conclusion, this study showed that hematological parameters of O. mykiss are suitable indicators to verify the existence of copper in water resources.