موش سوری

Today one of the most important challenges for humans is environmental pollution through agricultural toxins, especially insecticides. Spirotetramat is a new insecticide that is widely used by farmers, and its side effects on the reproductive system have not been well studied. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of spirotramate on oxidative stress and histochemical changes of testicular tissue in mice. In this study, 24 adult male mice, with a body weight range of 24-32 grams, were obtained from Urmia University Veterinary Animal House and studied. The animals were randomly divided into three group: controls, test group 1 and test group 2. Each group included 8 mice. Test group 1 and 2 received the spirotetramat at rats of 2.5 and 10 mg/kg body weight, respectively, and the control group received the same amount of distilled water for 45 days orally by gavage. After this period, the mice were anesthetized and microscopic sections were prepared. The level of oxidative stress, carbohydrate reserves, cytoplasmic fat reserves and the level of inflammation in testicular tissue were investigated. Qualitative histochemistry findings were converted into quantitative data using Imag-J software. The results showed that spirotetramat decreased carbohydrate reserves, TAC, TTM and increased fat reserves, alkaline phosphatase enzyme, NO and MDA in the experimental groups compared to the control group. Therefore spirotetramat has increased the oxidative stress and histochemical changes in the testicular tissue by damaging the cells of the spermatogenic tube, as well as by inhibiting the activity of acetyl coenzyme-A.

Steroid hormones and many plant extracts can modulate pain response. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of Portulaca oleracea seed hydroalcoholic extract on pain induced by tail flick test in male mice.

In this laboratory experimental study, 150 male mice were randomly divided to control and groups receiving low, moderate and high doses of Portulaca oleracea seed extract and of testosterone and groups receiving “testosterone + extract” of different doses. Following intraperitoneally administration of hormone and extract, pain threshold was measured using tail flick test and data were analyzed using ANOVA.

Increased pain threshold was observed 30 minutes and 1 hour after administration of moderate dose of extract .

Diabetes is one of the most common disease of the present century. The many side effects of the chemical drugs used to treat it increase the tendency to be treated by herbs that have fewer side effects. Plant flavonoids with their antioxidant effect have the ability to inhibit oxidative stress and diabetes. Bistort contains flavonoids, so in this study, the effect of hydroalcoholic extract of Bistort root on blood glucose in streptozotocin diabetic mice have been assessed in the present study. In this experimental study, diabetes was induced by administration of 30 mg/kg of streptozotocin intraperitoneally in 15 mice and they were randomly divided into 3 groups. One group considered as control. The control and diabetic groups received normal saline and the treatment groups received glibenclamide at dose 0.5 mg/kg and hydroalcoholic extract of Bistort root at doses of 150 μg/kg for 15 days. At the end of the first , seventh and fifteenth days of the study, blood samples were taken and blood glucose levels were measured. The data were analysed by one way Anova and Turkey's test using SPSS 25. In this study, P<0/05 was considered.In this study, following the induction of diabetes blood glucose levels in all diabetic groups in the first, seventh and fifteenth days had a significant increase compared to control group (P<0/05).

In this experimental study, ovarian follicle development was studied using insulin-like growth factor and mesenchymal stem cells.

In this study, mesenchymal stem cells were extracted from the femur bone marrow of 20 mice and 100 pairs of ovaries of mice were co-cultured with insulin-like growth factor (IGF-1) at different concentrations (0.1, 0.5, 1, 5, 10µg) for seven days. Then ovarian follicles were examined and counted by Hematoxylin-eosin, Mason trichrome and PAS staining. Statistical analysis was performed using SPSS software and paired t-test with P<0.05.

Comparison of ovarian follicles in the control group and the experimental groups in most groups showed a significant difference between the follicles (P<0.05). This difference was more evident in the number of preantral follicles in the experimental groups of 5 and 10 μg / ml IGF-1 in the presence and absence of mesenchymal stem cells than in the control group. The number of follicles in the control group was 1.25±1.03 and 13.75±2.71; 10.75±1.28 at concentrations of 5 and 10 μg, respectively. Theca and granulosa layers did not show a significant difference in the control and treated groups.

This method is effective in the growth and development of adult follicles and also minimizes the rate of cellular apoptosis. Obviously, the use of ovarian tissue culture and subsequent production of quality eggs will solve many infertility and genetic problems in the future.

Epilepsy is the most common disorders of the nervous system. The side effects of some drugs and their resistance to them have been considered by plants for identifying drugs with minimal side effects. This study investigated the effect of hydroalcoholic extract of E. campestre on pentylenetetrazol-induced seizures in male mice. In the present experimental study, 40 male Wistar rats weighing 25-30 g were randomly divided into 5 groups (n = 8): saline, three epileptic groups treated with doses of 50, 100, and 200 mg/kg of E. campestre extract and positive control group treated with 1 mg/kg diazepam. In order to create a model of epilepsy, Pentylenetetrazol (PTZ) was injected with dose of 85 mg/kg. The effect of different doses of extract and drug on the severity of seizures was evaluated by measuring the duration of different seizure behavioral states in the animal. All prescriptions were given intraperitoneally (ip). The groups treated with different doses of E. campestre extract as well as the diazepam treated group showed a significant increase in delayed onset of seizure, tonic duration, clonic duration, and tonic-clonic duration, and length Seizure time and survival rate were significantly higher in the saline group. The results of this study showed that E. campestre extract increase delayed onset of seizure and reduced mortality due to seizure in mice.

Anxiety and depression are the most common mental illnesses. Oxidative stress is one of the causes of anxiety and depression. Lepidium sativum has anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of aqueous extract of Lepidium sativum on anxiety-like and depression-like behaviors in adult male mice. In this study, male mice weighing 30-35 g were used. First, the tested animals were treated with aqueous extract of Lepidium sativum at doses of 200, 400 and 600 mg/kg for 2 weeks. At the end of the treatment period, the levels of anxiety and depression were assessed by an elevated plus maze (EPM) and forced swimming test, respectively. No significant changes were observed in any of the groups receiving Lepidium sativum extract in the time spent in the open arm, the number of entrances to the open arm and motor activity. The results of forced swimming test showed that in animals receiving Lepidium sativum extract at doses of 400 and 600 mg/kg, swimming time and immobility time were significantly increased and decreased compared to the control group, respectively (p < 0.01). The results of this study showed the modulatory effects of Lepidium sativum extract on depressive-like behaviors, but this extract had no significant effects on anxiety-like behaviors.

Physical activity and herbs have been long used to treat psychological illnesses such as anxiety and stress. The present study was aimed at investigating the effect of four weeks of using lemon essential oil and swimming practice on the anxiety level in male mice. To this end, 40 male mice with a weight of 40 ± 5 g were studied. The mice were randomly assigned to four groups, including the control group, swimming practice, the lemon essential oil receiving group, and the swimming practice + lemon essential oil group. Swimming training consisted of four weeks of swimming in water for five 30-minutes sessions per week at a temperature of 25-27 ºC. Lemon oil (50 mg/kg) was administered by gavage. Anxiety behaviors were assessed by behavioral tests of elevated plus-maze and open field. The results of this study showed that prescribing a combination of lemon essential oil and exercise had a significant increase in the duration and the number of times in the margins and centrality (p < /em> < 0.05) and a significant decrease in the number of excretions compared to the control group (p < 0.001). The results showed that applying swimming practice alone and in combination with lemon essential oil reduces anxiety behaviors.

Depression is still one of challenging, and widely encountered disorders with complex etiology. The role of healthy diet and oleuropein in ameliorating depression has been claimed. This study was designed to explore the effects of oleuropein on depression induced by scopolamine. In the present study, 35 male mice were randomly assigned to five groups (n=7). The control group received normal saline. The Sco group received intraperitoneal scopolamine at a dose of 1 mg/ kg for three weeks. The treatment groups received oleuropein in three doses of 5, 10, and 20 mg/ kg. At the end of the behavioral tests, blood samples and brain tissues of the animals were removed for determination of biochemical tests. Results show that in groups receiving oleuropein at doses of 10 and 20 mg/ kg, the duration of immobility significantly reduced compared to the scopolamine group. Prescribing oleuropein at a dose of 10 mg/kg significantly reduced the level of nitric oxide (NO) in serum and brain tissue. Oleuropein shows significant anti-depressant effects in mice receiving a scopolamine, possibly due to its antioxidant activity.

The application of herbal plants instead of synthetic drugs is increasing in recent years because of their lower side-effects and high varieties of efficient components. The aim of this study was to investigate the analgesic effect of Satureja bachtiarica Bunge essential oil by formalin test in mice model in this study, S. bachtiarica Bunge essential oil was prepared using clevenger apparatus by distilled water method. Mature male rats (25-35 gr) were selected. Acute and chronic pain induction was performed by injection of 20μl of 4% formalin solution to evaluate the analgesic effects of S. bachtiarica essential oil. The study groups consisted of the control group receiving normal saline, the groups receiving 25, 50 and 100 mg/ kg of S. bachtiarica essential oil, and the positive control group received morphine 10 mg/ kg. Single dose injections were performed 30 minutes before the start of the test. Acute pain (5 minutes after injection) and chronic pain (20 minutes after inoculation) were measured by stopwatch and the results were analyzed by SPSS16 software.S. bachtiarica Bunge essential oil at doses of 25, 50 and 100 mg/kg significantly moderated formalin-induced pain as it could reduce foot licking caused by formalin injection in both acute and chronic phases. The present data indicate that essential oil of S. bachtiarica Bunge has analgesic effect on mice, and this plant could be considered in future health care.

The purpose of this research was aimed to evaluate the protective effects of crocin, as an antioxidant agent on Mast cells, blood vessels and biochemical changes of ovary and serum in Busulfan-induced oxidative stress in Mice.                                                                                                                           

Thirty mature 6-8 weeks aged female NMRI mice in the weight of 22-25 g were randomly divided into 6 groups, and treated for 21 days. The control group only received solvent of Busulfan (BSF) (0.1 ml) intraperitoneally, and BSF group received only Busulfan (10 mgkg-1, IP/single dose). The experimental groups no. 1, 2, 3 received BSF (10 mgkg-1 /single dose) with crocin (100, 200, 400 mgkg-1 /day, IP) and positive group only received crocin (400 mgkg-1, IP/day). At the end of treatment period, animals were euthanized and left ovary were studied for Mast cells, ovary blood vessels, and Serum, and right ovary for biochemical evaluations. Data was subjected to one‒way analysis of variance (ANOVA) and Tukey to determine if significant difference (P≤0.01) existed among the observed results using SPSS.

Busulfan significantly (P≤0.01) increased mast cells and MDA, while decreased ovary blood vessels and SOD rate, significantly (P=0.000) in comparison to control group. However, crocin in all the used doses, especially in the dose of 200 mgkg-1, significantly decreased the adverse effects of Busulfan.

The results indicated that crocin can protect ovaries against Busulfan induced damages, and it can be considered as a suitable drug for reducing the toxic effects of Busulfan in chemotherapy.

Recent reports have shown that some Plant Isoflavones have beneficial effects on diabetes and liver health in human and laboratory animals. The aim of this study was to administrate of hydroalcoholic extract of Trifolium pretense (red clover) as a plant rich in Isoflavones compounds and its effects on serum levels of glucose and liver enzymes (AST, ALT and ALP) in mice. In this experimental study, 42 male mice were divided into 6 groups of 7, including healthy control, diabetic without treatment (positive control), diabetic treated with glibenclamide groups, and three diabetic groups treated respectively with 250, 500 and 750 mg/kg of hydroalcoholic extract of red clover by gavage for 15 days. Diabetes was induced by intraperitoneal injection of streptozotocin, 60 mg/kg. On the last day, serum glucose and Liver Enzymes (ALT, ALP and AST) levels were measured. The data were analyzed by SPSS statistical software and OneWay ANOVA test. The significant was shown with (P<0.05).Doses of 500 mg/kg and 750 mg/kg of extract were significantly (P<0.001) decreased serum glucose compared with positive control group.  Assessment of liver enzymes shown that AST level in 750mg/kg group (P<0.001), ALT level in 500 mg/kg (P<0.01) and 750 mg/kg (P<0.001) groups, and ALP level in 250 mg/kg (P<0.05), 500 mg/kg (P<0.001) and 750 mg/kg (P<0.001) groups significantly decreased compared with positive control group. It seems that the red clover has anti-diabetic and hepatoprotectiveeffects.

After cancer treatment occurs fertility problems and many birth defects, such as abortion, early delivery, low birth weight. Therefore, preserving fertility should be an integral part of improving the quality of life in survivors of cancer. Dacarbazine is an anti-cancer chemotherapy drug and this study focuses on the effects of dacarbazine on oogenesis and sex hormones and estradiol in NMRI mice. 30 adult female mice NMRI were divided into 5 groups: control, sham, 1, 2 and 3 experimental groups received 10-day solvent and doses of 20, 30 and 40 mg / kg by intraperitoneal injection dacarbazine. For analysis sex hormones and estradiol was drawn blood from heart and ovarian tissue was removed from the body to investigate Oogenesis. The results of this research work show that Dacarbazine reduces the number of Graafian follicle and blood vessel in comparison with the control group and the number of atretic follicle in the experimental groups 1, 2 and 3 has a significant increase compared to the control group. Also, the levels of FSH, LH and estradiol hormones show a significant decrease with dose increase.

Parkinson's disease is one of the most common types of neurodegenerative diseases characterized by motor disorders such as slow motion, lack of movement, muscle stiffness, resting vibrations, and facial masks. The main cause of the disease is the destruction of dopaminergic neurons in the compact part of the substantia nigra in the middle cerebrum, which is associated with a decrease in dopamine concentration at the terminals of corpus striatum. This study was conducted to investigate the effect of coenzyme Q10 on the 6-hydroxydopamine-induced animal model (PD). To create a mock-up model of Parkinson's disease, 6-HDOP poison five μg/kg of mice body weight was injected into the Substantia nigra nucleus in adult NMRI mice. The accuracy of the Parkinson's model in mice was confirmed using catalepsy and apomorphine-induced rotation tests. Immediately after surgery, the Parkinsonian mice were treated with water (solvent Q10) with doses of 25, 50, and 100 Coenzyme Q10 for two weeks and then were subjected to behavioural tests and the neurons of the substantia nigra nucleus was counted. The results indicate that treatment with Q10 significantly reduced the immobility time and Catalepsy, increased motor activity and decreased apomorphine rotation, indicating the protective effects of Coenzyme Q10 against Parkinson's Disease Damage.

Inroduction & Objective: The aim of this study was to investigate the effect ofaqueous extract of Rhus Coriaria on anxiety levels in mice.Due to the high properties mentioned for the Rhus Coriaria this plant was used and the OFT and Elevated plus-maze tests proved the pain and anxiety of the plant. Material and Methods: Rhus Coriariaclusters were purchased from two cultivated areas in Iran; West (Gardens of Tabriz) and East (Gardens of Khorasan Razavi). For administration of different concentrations of Rhus Coriariaextract, 58 male mice were used, which 50 of them were placed in 5 groups of 10 and one group was considered as the control group receiving only water and food. Group 2, 3, and 4 received doses of 50,100,200 mg / kg of extract, respectively. Buspiron was injected as the sedative anti-anxiety agent to the last group. Then OFT and Elevated plus-maze tests were performed. Also, the analgesic effect of four doses of 25, 50, 100, 200 mg / kg of extract was analyzed by formalin test at certain intervals after injection. The data showed a statistically significant difference between theRhus coriaria extract in all doses and Buspiron compared to the control group (p <0.05). Also, the elapsed time in the open arms ininjection with Buspironcompared to control group has shown a significant difference (p <0.05). On the other hand, doses of 50 and 100 mg / kg of extract showed a significant difference compared to the control group (p <0.05). While the dose of 200 mg / kg of extract is less effective than other doses. The findings of this study showed that the mice receiving extract of Rhus Coriariaat doses of 100 and 50 mg / kg had a longer duration than the control group in the open arm. In other words, there were more searches inside the open arm of Elevated plus-maze. This index is related to the anti-anxiety property of Rhus Coriaria.Injection of extract of Rhus Coriaria. has a strong analgesic effect.

Catalepsy or muscle rigidity is a neurological disease characterized by muscle stiffness or rigidity of muscles, organs decreased sensitivity to pain and stability regardless of external stimuli-known and one of the main symptoms of Parkinson's disease is considered. Due to the increasing levels of acetylcholine in the brain, treatment is focused on the use of muscarinic receptor antagonists. Despite relieve the symptoms, there are severe side effects. In this study, the effect of cinnamon extract on catalepsy in mice model of Parkinson's disease was conducted. Overall, 70 male mice (30 ± 2 g) were randomly divided into seven groups: control group, rotenone solvent, rotenone group and 4 groups of rotenone, subsequent doses 100, 200, 400 and 600 mg/kg cinnamon extract. To create models of Parkinson's disease, rotenone (2 mg/kg/ 48 h) was administered for 19 d and creating models of Parkinson's disease was evaluated. After verification of the model, different doses of cinnamon for 20 d (every 48 h) were injected intraperitoneally (IP). The effects of cinnamon extract on catalepsy was compared with other groups and the results were analyzed by ANOVA and Tukey test.  PP<0. 05). Cinnamon could reduce catalepsy in mice models of Parkinson's disease, probably due to antioxidant compounds and flavonoids and the impact of these compounds on the nervous system.

Since Methylphenidate or Ritalin is used as a treatment of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). Also there is not a comprehensive study in the literature about its side effects on the nerve system structure; in the present survey the effect of methylphenidate on the brain tissue was studied. In this study a total of 16 female mice with primary weight of 32-38 g were randomly divided into four groups including one control and three experimental groups. In experimental groups Ritalin was used in the doses of 0.5, 5 or 50 mg/kg by gavages method for 21 days. At the end of the period and after animal's euthanasia; the brain specimens were removed and structural alterations were studied using a light microscope. There is congestion in the brain vessels, decrease in the perikarion size and increase in the heterochromatin levels in the nerve cells of treated animals with Ritalin at 50 mg/kg/BW when compared with the control group. It could be concluded that treatment of Ritalin maybe induces structural disorders in the brain tissue and its prescribing must be reconsidered.

Parkinson's disease (PD) is considered as a movement disorder, and its diagnosis is based on the presence of a set of cardinal motor symptoms. Since the pathogenesis of PD is not well understood today, the importance of the use of animal models to better understand PD and its cure is discovered. We aimed to provide new evidence on the comparison effect of rotenone on the components of PD. Thirty male mice (30±2 gr) were randomly divided into 3 groups; control group, rotenone solvent group, and rotenone group (ROT). ROT was treated with rotenone injections (2 mg/kg/48 h) for 19 days. Thus, the components of balance, movement, muscle rigidity and muscle strength tested by rotarod, open-field, and triple horizontal bar, and save testing data to evaluate and compare the effects of rotenone on these components. Component of muscle strength in all groups affected more than other components (P<0. 05). In the next degree of balance, movement and muscle rigidity were affected. Rotenone could affect components of PD model which improved muscle strength component and was better than that of the other components. Probably this subject, including the main features of rotenone creates an experimental model of Parkinson's disease.

Aim and Cannabinoids are known to attenuate memory in both humans and animals that effects of this compounds act through their receptors.These compounds can affect on the memory and learning through the hippocampus. Acetylcholine, as a neurotransmitter, plays fundamental role during process of learning and memory and donepezil can be potentiation effect in cholinergic synapse On this material. In this research the effects of donepezil, URB597 “potentiation endocannabinoid system " and effect of both them on the memory in mice was investigated.
In this experimental research 40 male mice weighting 20-35 g were divided to the 4 groups including control, URB597 (0.1 mg/kg, i.p), donepezil (0.5 mg/kg, i.p.) and URB597 & donepezil. Mice to the first day received in the Shuttle box electrical trial then at the second day intraperitoneal administrate of drugs 15 minutes before the retrieval test. Two analysis parameters, delay the first time in the dark chamber (STLr) and sum of to remain time in the dark chamber (TDC).
Analysis of data indicated, that there was not significant difference in received number of trials. But there was significant difference between groups control and URB597 (p Result of this experiment shown that URB597 led to memory impairment and administration of donepezil, as cholinergic system potentiation, has improvement affect on the destructitive memory, so indicate interference of both system led to memory reinforcement.

Due to the increasing production of ZnO nanoparticles and their useful applications in biological systems, fewer studies have been performed about the side effects of these substances on the organism's body. To this end, in this study, we have investigated the deposition amount of zinc oxide nanoparticles on spleen of Syrian female NMRI mice. In this experimental study, 20 heads of female NMRI mice have been studied in the experimental and control groups. ZnO nanoparticles at concentrations of 100 and 300 mg per kg fed in the drinking water for 28 days, and after 28 days the mice were sacrificed, spleen tissue was removed and solved in the acid, and then the amount of deposited zinc oxide in the tissues was measured by atomic absorption spectrophotometry. According to the obtained results, it is observed that there are significant differences between the consumer groups (of ZnO nanoparticles) and control group. Deposition of Zinc oxide nanoparticles which was studied in the drinking water for 28 days in the mentioned experimental groups has had significant effects on the spleen.

Aim: In the present study we examine the effect of C. mass L. seed extract on learning, memory and some serum parameters in alzheimer induced male mice.
Material and 48 male mice weighing 25-30 gram divided into six groups including 1- Saline-Saline, 2-STZ-Saline, 3- STZ- Extract 25 mg/kg, 4- STZ-Extract 50 mg/kg, 5- STZ-Extract 75 mg/kg, 6- Saline- Effective dosages of Extract (50 mg/kg). For inducing Alzheimer's disease i.c.v. injection of Streptozotocine (3 mg/kg) was used and learning as well as memory was evaluated through passive avoidance test model. All groups received C.mas seed extract or saline intraperitoneally for 3­weeks. Then they entered into learning testes. Finally all animals were killed and blood was taken from right ventricle. Level of glucose, Triglyceride, and total cholestrole in serum were measured. Also during treatment period, weights of the mice were measured at beginning of each week. The data were analyzed using unilateral variance analysis and Tukey test or Analysis of variance with repeated measures.
ICV administration of STZ significantly decreased memory (P0.05). Reduction of mice weight was Significant (P It seems that C. mas seed extract improved memory in disorders neuronal damage such as Alzheimer's due to reduction of risk factors in the blood and adjustment of the glucose and fatty acid metabolism.