جستجوی مقالات مرتبط با کلیدواژه « callus induction » در نشریات گروه « زیست شناسی »

Nitraria schoberi L. is a medicinal plant with antioxidant, antifungal, anti-inflammatory and, anti-viral properties. This plant is also tolerant to salinity and drought. The main aim of this study was to perform elicitation in cell suspension culture of N. schoberi to detect the production of total phenolic and flavonoid contents. In order to accomplish this study, hypocotyls and cotyledonary leaves of N. schoberi were cultured in different callus induction treatments. At the next step, the calli from the best callus induction treatment were transferred to cell suspension cultures containing sodium chloride (NaCl) and salicylic acid (SA) alone or in combination. Total phenolic and flavonoid contents in treatments were measured using a spectrophotometer (absorbance at 765 nm and 430 nm, respectively). According to the results, although callus induction was observed in all treatments, the maximum fresh weight (FW) (7.6 g) and dry weight (DW) (3.7 g) were obtained by culturing hypocotyl explants in MS medium supplemented with 2, 4-dichrolophenoxyacetic acid (2, 4-D) at 0.5 mg/L. The highest total phenolic content (62.2 mg/g) and total flavonoid content (48.24 mg/g) were detected in suspension culture containing 100 millimolar (mM) NaCl and 50 micromolar (µM) SA. Elicitation in suspension culture of N. schoberi can be an effective method for increasing the production of secondary metabolites (phenolic and flavonoid compounds).

Barley (Hordeum vulgar L.) is a valuable platform for producing recombinant proteins. Before using different barley cultivars as an efficient platform for molecular farming, optimization of cultural conditions and studying the effective factors on the tissue culture are critical. In this study, we evaluated callus induction, plant regeneration and changes in the levels of total antioxidant, total phenol and endogenous hormones of three Iranian barley cultivars (Reyhan, Yousef and Bahman) and Golden Promise cultivar. We used immature embryos as explants on MS-based medium containing 3 mg.L-1 2,4-D for callus induction. Calluses were transferred to regeneration media with 2 mg.L-1 BAP. The levels of endogenous hormones were measured using High-Performance Liquid Chromatography system and total antioxidant and total phenols were determined using a spectrophotometer. We demonstrated that callus formation was very high in all cultivars (about 91%) and all immature embryo explants had the potential to produce embryogenic calluses. The present study also showed that the regeneration rates among the studied cultivars were very different and the Iranian cultivars showed lower regeneration percentages (about 1.4%) compared to Golden Promise cultivar (about 72.5%). The levels of endogenous hormones in Iranian cultivars and Golden Promise varied distinctly and significant differences in terms of total antioxidants and total phenols were found in the two groups. Accumulated evidence suggests that for successful regeneration of recalcitrant cultivars, external treatments should be done in a way to reduce the inhibitory effects of internal factors.

Hypericum perforatum L. (St. Johns’ wort) is the most commercially important species of the genus Hypericum and contains a wide range of components including naphthodianthrones, phloroglucinols, tannins, xanthones, phenolic acids and essential oil. In order to establish an efficient protocol for regeneration, the effects of explant type and plant growth regulators on direct and indirect shoot regeneration in H. perforatum were evaluated. According to obtained results the media supplemented with 0.1 mg l-1 Benzyl Adenine (BA) was effective for shoot proliferation from shoot tip explants of H. perforatum that showed the highest shoots number (15.5 shoots per explant) and shoot height (2.07 cm). In second experiment a method for rapid micro propagation of H. perforatum through indirect plant regeneration from calli has been developed. The results demonstrated that a combination of auxin and cytokinin was needed for optimum callus induction and leaf segments were suitable explant for callus induction in H. perforatum. Callus induction was observed in most studied treatments but the highest callus volume (1.43 cm3) was obtained by leaf segments in media supplemented with 0.25 mg l-1 2,4Dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) mg l-1 Kinetin. Successful shoot regeneration from callus was observed in MS medium containing 0.5 mg l-1 BA, which resulted the highest shoot proliferation rate (61.75%) and maximum number of induced shoots (9 shoots per explant). All of shoots formed root in media with 0.5 mg l-1 Indole-3-Butyric Acid (IBA) on which 100% of the regenerated shoots developed roots with an average number of 5 roots per shoot. The plantlets were acclimatized and transferred to the greenhouse with 80% survival. This in vitro propagation protocol should be useful for conservation as well as mass propagation of H. perforatum plant.

A modern biotechnological technique to obtain useful natural products from plants is to isolate them from their callus cultures. Lallemantia iberica is an annual herb of the Lamiaceae family known for its stimulant, diuretic, and expectorant effects in Iranian folk medicine. The present study investigated the induction of plant callus tissue and identification of its volatile compounds. For this purpose, plant seeds of Lallemantia iberica were sterilized and cultured in petri dishes lined with an MS medium. After the emergence of seedlings, cotyledon segments were transferred to another MS medium supplemented with different combinations of the plant hormones BAP and 2,4-D. The petri dishes were incubated in a growth chamber at 25 °C for a given photoperiod. The fresh weights of the calli thus produced in the hormonal treatments were measured. In a second stage of the study, the essential oil of the fresh calli was obtained using a Clevenger type apparatus and subjected to analysis by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). Results showed that callus induction from the cotyledon segments of the seedlings was better accomplished in the MS medium containing phytohormones and in a dose-dependent manner. Maximum callus production was induced in the MS medium supplemented with 2, 4-D (4 mg/L) and BAP (1.5 mg/L) as 3.5g. GC/MS analysis showed that the dominant compounds in the essential oil were Thymol (53.03%), Octane (19.90%), Decane (5.73% ), Carvacrol (5.63%), and Octadecane (3.73%).

Callus induction responses and regeneration through callus-mediated SE were studied from evening primrose (Oenothera biennis L.) as an important medicinal plant of Onagraceae mainly known for its gamma-linoleic acid (GLA) content. The effects of cytokinins, 6-Benzylaminopurine (BAP) and N-(2-furfurylamino)1-H-purine-6amine [Kinetin (Kin)] and their concentrations (0, 0.5, 1.0 and 1.5 mg/l) in combinations with 2,4dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2, 4-D) concentrations (0.25, 0.75 mg/l) on callus induction and SE for three explant types (petiole, leaf and epical bud) of "Shiraz" variety were separately evaluated. In all types of explants, the highest callus fresh weights belonged to 1 mg/l BAP or Kin in combinations with 2, 4-D (either 0.25 mg/l or 0.75 mg/l). The maximum fresh weight of callus was obtained from leaf explants plated on culture medium containing of 0.25 mg/l 2, 4-D and 1 mg/l Kin. The maximum The maximum number of embryos was achieved from leaf explants related to 0.75 mg/l 2, 4-D and 1 mg/l Kin. plantlets were successfully raised from in vitro developed embryos. Efficient plant regeneration via SE may provide a reliable system for studying the molecular mechanism of SE and a route for the genetic transformation of evening primrose.

Callus induction responses and regeneration through callus-mediated SE were studied from evening primrose (Oenothera biennis L.) as an important medicinal plant of Onagraceae mainly known for its gamma-linoleic acid (GLA) content. The effects of cytokinins, 6-Benzylaminopurine (BAP) and N-(2 furfurylamino)1-H-purine-6- amine [Kinetin (Kin)] and their concentrations (0, 0.5, 1.0 and 1.5 mg/l) in combinations with 2,4- dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2, 4-D) concentrations (0.25, 0.75 mg/l) on callus induction and SE for three explant types (petiole, leaf and epical bud) of "Shiraz" variety were separately evaluated. In all types of explants, the highest callus fresh weights belonged to 1 mg/l BAP or Kin in combinations with 2, 4 D (either 0.25 mg/l or 0.75 mg/l). The maximum fresh weight of callus was obtained from leaf explants plated on culture medium containing of 0.25 mg/l 2, 4-D and 1 mg/l Kin. The maximum The maximum number of embryos was achieved from leaf explants related to 0.75 mg/l 2, 4-D and 1 mg/l Kin. plantlets were successfully raised from in vitro developed embryos. Efficient plant regeneration via SE may provide a reliable system for studying the molecular mechanism of SE and a route for the genetic transformation of evening primrose.

Cumin (Cuminum cyminum L.) as a member of the Apiaceae family is one of the most important medicinal plants in Iran. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the effect of plant growth regulators and explant type on callus induction in cumin. For this purpose the cumin seeds (Kuhbanan accession) were disinfected with sodium hypochlorite and alcohol and cultured on MS basal medium. Leaf and hypocotyl explants were prepared from sterile seedlings and used to produce callus on MS medium containing 0.0, 0.5, 1.0 and 2.0 mg/l NAA with 0.0 and 0.5 mg/l BAP. The experimental was as completely randomized factorial design with three replications. The results of callus induction showed that the explants type, hormone, and their interactions have non-significant effects on the callus induction percentage. Also, explants showed significant effect on callus growth rate (CGR). However hormones and hormone- explant interactions did not have a significant effect on CGR. The results showed that the medium containing 1 mg/l NAA and 0.5 mg/l BAP was known as the best callus growth rate medium for cumin (0.238 mm/d). Comparing the mean interactions of the explants in hormone on CGR showed that 0.5 mg/l of NAA + 0.5 mg/l of BA in leaf explant has the highest effect (0.248 mm/d).

The present study was conducted to induce callus from different in vitro grown seedling explants of shoot, root and leaf segments in order to develop shoot buds and rooting from callus. The sterilized seeds were cultured on Murashige and Skoog medium, and then the explants were cultured from seedling and transferred to an MS medium supplemented with different concentrations of BAP, kinetin, NAA, and 2, 4-D growth regulator hormones. Among all explants, the leaf explants should produce significant callus induction (97.79 %) on MS + 1.0 mgl-1 BAP medium. After 4 weeks, the obtained calluses were transferred to a new regeneration media with different concentrations of BAP and NAA and then the calluses were sub cultured on the same medium every 2 weeks. Overall, the maximum regeneration frequency was obtained from MS medium containing 0.1 mgl-1 NAA and 1.0 mgl-1 BAP.

Sugarcane is a monocotyledonous crop that is cultivated in the tropical and subtropical regions of the world. One of the most important criteria, influencing the efficiency of the sugarcane transformation is known to be related to physical and biological factors during the transformation procedure..

The objective of this research was to study the response of callus induction and embryogenic callus production and to identify the major parameters controlling DNA delivery by particle bombardment into sugarcane (Saccharum officinarum L.) cv. NCo310..

For callus induction and embryogenic callus production, leaf base segments were subjected to in vitro culture medium supplemented with two plant growth regulators (2,4-D and Dicamba). Results showed that 1 mg.L -1 2,4-D was significantly influential in callus induction and embryogenic callus production. Considering both physical and biological factors, the efficiency of DNA (uidA gene) delivery was assessed by scoring transient GUS (gene (β-glucuronidase)) expression in bombarded tissues..

The highest transient GUS expression was obtained when callus was bombarded with the construct harboring rice Act1 promoter, and having 9 cm target distance, 25 inHg vacuum pressure, 1 µm gold particles, 12.5 µg DNA per bombardment and one day pre-culture prior to the bombardment..

A bombardment procedure suitable for elite sugarcane varieties was developed, which allowed high-efficiency DNA delivery combined with reduced damage to target tissues..