جستجوی مقالات مرتبط با کلیدواژه « drug delivery » در نشریات گروه « زیست شناسی »

Designing new drug delivery systems is important; therefore, in the present study the interaction between an anti-cancer drug, bicalutamide, and an amide/acid hydrogel was studied. Analyzing was done by using docking and molecular dynamics simulation methods. Molecular dynamics simulations were performed at 37 and 42 °C. The results showed that the binding free energies of the drug to the hydrogel system at two temperatures were similar, and altering the temperature did not affect the stability of the system. The van der Waals interaction is the most crucial interaction between the drug and the hydrogel, which depends on the distance between the drug and hydrogel. Intra- and intermolecular hydrogen bonds and van der Waals interactions, are the major factors in the stability of the hydrogel system. Due to the stability of the studied system, it can be used as a drug carrier.

Inflammatory bowel disease is a chronic inflammatory disease of the gastrointestinal tract. Despite numerous endeavors over the past few years, as well as an increase within the number of patients with the disease, there are currently limited medications available to manage intestinal inflammation. Designing a new biological treatment using natural bioactive medications with fewer side effects and more secure transmission than chemical compounds could be advantageous. In this study, a new strategy for the controlled release of Gallic acid as a bioactive polyphenol with anti-inflammatory impacts was proposed. This bioactive compound was loaded on a Cerosome nanocarrier and its stability was investigated. Cerosome-forming lipid (CFL) was synthesized through a two-step chemical reaction and then the Cerosomes were prepared by thin layer hydration by distinctive proportions of DPPC: CFL mole ratio. Cerosome with a mean diameter of 335 nm and zeta potential of -23 mV were homogeneous. The optimal formulation of the Cerosomal gallic acid system shows 34% loading and controlled release of the medication in gastrointestinal fluid environments. Structural stability was systematically evaluated by physicochemical characterization methods, and Cerasomes showed greater stability than liposomes and could be present longer in the bloodstream. These results indicate that Cerasomes can be a better medication delivery system for long-term storage and controllable release of gallic acid and have remarkable applications as carriers of intestinal inflammation drug delivery.

In recent years, the use of medicinal plants has increased significantly. Essential oils are one of the most important secondary metabolites in plants with promising potentials to promote health. Paying attention to the quality and effectiveness of medicinal plant products is important. Use of free essential oils due to volatility, low stability, poor solubility in water and low bioavailability, limit both their use and effectiveness. The most important tool to increase the quality of essential oil is the use of nanoparticles as carriers. This study aimed to investigate the nanoencapsulation of essential oils of medicinal plants and its effect on increasing the stability of essential oils and improving the quality of drug delivery systems.

In the present study, the data of scientific research articles have been used to investigate the use of nanoparticles in increasing the effectiveness of the essential oils.

Drug-carrier nanoparticles include various materials such as nano polymers, dendrimers, etc. that can have different morphology and sizes depending on their synthesis method. Technology of nanoencapsulation of essential oils is used to increase stability, purposefulness and control the release time of essential oil in the human. One of the advantages of targeted drug delivery is the accurate and intelligent accumulation of essential oil as a drug at the target site, thus increasing the stability and pharmacological effects of the essential oil on the organs in the human.

Nanocapsules containing essential oils of medicinal plants have significantly increased the effectiveness of essential oils in medical applications.

Klebsiella pneumoniae is a gram-negative bacillus of the Enterobacteriaceae family. Despite being part of the natural human microflora, this is an opportunistic pathogen and a major cause of nosocomial infections. The increased emergence of multidrug resistance in Klebsiella pneumoniae has limited the treatment options for this bacterium. Carbon nanotubes (CNT), by improving the stability and solubulity of drugs, could increase the effectiveness of drugs for treatment. The aim of this study is to investigate the antibacterial effect of nanofluid containing functionalized multi-walled carbon nanotubes (f-CNT-NF) on Klebsiella pneumoniae isolated from clinical specimens. For the strain confirmation, biochemical ,API20E kit, and additional differential tests were performed, and antibiotic susceptibility test was performed by the disk diffusion method. The studied strain showed a resistance to all antibiotics such as cefepime.The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) was determined using the antibiotic micro dilution method. The MIC was determined in five effect modes including antibiotic (Ab), nanofluid containing functionalized multi-walled carbon nanotubes (f-CNT-NF) , nanofluid containing multi-walled carbon nanotubes (CNT-NF) ,Ab in combination with f-CNT-NF and Ab with CNT-NF. Nevertheless the individual effects of 10 µg mL-1 cefepime or 80 µg of nanofluid with f-CNT-NF did not inhibit the growth of the bacteria, but the co-administration of 10 µg mL-1 cefepime with 80 µg of the f-CNT-NF could inhibit the bacteria`s growth. It was concluded that f-CNT-NF could be more effective in drug delivery at lower concentrations than the free state, which could be used as a tool for optimal drug delivery.

The use of chemical anti-cancer drugs frequently create serious side effects. However, probiotics are natural and treat different kinds of cancer without undesired effects. In this study, a nano delivery system was planned to transport the Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG (L. GG) cytoplasmic fraction (Cf) to cancerous tissue in the mouse model.

Magnetic iron nanoparticles (MINPs) were synthesized and loaded with L. GG-Cf (0, 0.312, 0.625, 1.25, 2.5 mg/ml) and administrated for three weeks to treat experimentally induced murine breast cancer in a constant magnetic field. At the end of the trial, the treating efficacy of this complex molecule was evaluated via western blotting and qPCR.

Results showed MINPS can deliver and accumulate the L. GG-Cf in cancer tissue, also the size and volume of the tumors were reduced. Additionally, in cancer tissues of treated mice with 2.5 mg/ml of Cf-MINPs significant induced apoptosis was seen compared to untreated (control), and our data proved that this induction may be due to the caspase-3 pathway.

In conclusion, L. GG-Cf could treat the murine breast cancer and MINPs are a suitable candidate for drug delivery because of their safety, uniformity, and magnetic properties.

The main goal of this research work is to design and fabricate an injectable biocompatible and biodegradable microcarrier (MC) for drug delivery into cartilages and bones. Suitable MCs composed of chitosan and gelatin were fabricated with syringe pump equipped with high voltage system. The MCs were crosslinked with sodium tri-polyphosphate (TPP) and the teicoplanin was loaded onto the samples. The crosslinking of the samples was confirmed using FTIR spectra and their morphology was investigated with SEM images. The results confirmed that the MCs were successfully crosslinked with TPP and spherical shaped samples with desired diameter for injection (35050 m) were achieved with flow rate and voltage of 300 µl/min and 8.5 kV, respectively. A thin layer of chitosan was covered onto the fabricated MCs in order to reduce the drug release rate. The result of release test showed that it was increased from 4 to 5 days for covered samples which is more suitable for the claimed application of fabricated MCs. The antimicrobial test was done on the fabricated teicoplanin-loaded MCs and the obtained results confirmed that the antimicrobial properties of drug were remained even after fabrication process. Overall, the obtained results support that the fabricated MCs have potential for using as drug release devices for treatment of cartilage infections.

Magentotactic bacteria are the types of bacteria capable of orientation in an external magnetic field because of the ability to produce structures called magnetosomes. Magnetosomes, nanometer-scale structures, are present in most of the magnetotactice bacteria. They are intracellular organelles composed of magnetic iron mineral crystals individually surrounded by a phospholipid layer. Because of the unique features of magnetosomes, magentotactic bacteria have become the fascinating subject of research in many research and applied fields of study, including robotics, medicine, biology, environment and geology. In this review, we have tried to introduce magentotactic bacteria, the formation of magnetosomes and their structures, in order to highlight the importance of these bacteria. Finally, some applications of these bacteria in different areas of research, e.g. targeted drug delivery, cancer treatment and removal of heavy metals from water, were described in order that a better understanding of their applications could be obtained.

The folate receptor (FR) is known to be over-expressed extracellularly on a variety of human cancers. Therefore, this molecule is an ideal candidate for targeting nanoparticles to drug delivery using these nanoparticles to cancer cells or cancer tissues. In this study, we designed an amphiphilic cationic Fe3O4-PEI-PU-PEG-FA nanoparticles. The prepared nanoparticles were characterized by FTIR, VSM, TEM measurements. FTIR indicated that the synthesis of Fe3O4-PEI-PU-PEG-FA nanoparticles have been performed successfully. Vibrating sample magnetometry (VSM) showed that the biodegradable-magnetic nanoparticles were superparamagnetic at room temperature. The morphology of the Fe3O4 and Fe3O4-PEI-PU-PEG-FA nanoparticles were evaluated using a transmission electron microscopy. TEM showed the nanoparticles were spherical in shape. Moreover biocompatibility assay of Fe3O4-PEI-PU-PEG-FA nanoparticles was performed using MTT test. Also the ability of Fe3O4-PEI-PU-PEG-FA nanoparticles to DNA delivery into MCF-7 cells were analysis using MTT test and flow cytometry respectively. Interestingly, due to the incorporation of PU and PEG segments, this Fe3O4-PEI-PU-PEG-FA nanoparticles showed less toxicity but better gene transfection efficiency than PEI.

Nowadays, design and synthesis of efficient drug delivery systems are of vital importance in order to optimize the efficacy of therapeutics and reducing side effects. So far, many drug delivery systems have been designed, among them, natural polymer-based systems have attracted the most attention. Silk fibroin (SF) as a natural polymer have several unique properties including excellent biocompatibility, biodegradability, good mechanical behavior, ease of processability with ability to fabricate various structures e.g., nanoparticles, microparticles, fibers, hydrogels, films, that makes it a suitable material for biomedical applications especially drug delivery vehicles. In this review, we discuss the drug delivery applications of SF, in detail.

Aim and Nowadays, applying nanocarriers has increased dramatically in drug delivery systems. Niosome is one of the nanocarriers with non-ionic surfactant which increases the stability of drug in the body. Since using cisplatin in treatment of cancer has some side effects, cisplatin was nanoniosomed.
Material and To prepare niosome, span 60 and cholesterol were used. Mean diameter of particles was determined by Zeta sizer. Encapsulation efficiency and drug release were measured by spectrophotometry method. Cytotoxicity effect of the formulation on C6 cell line was studied by MTT assay.
Mean diameter of particles was verified in scale of nano. Encapsulation efficiency and released in 48 hours were be 43.6% and 97%, respectively. The cytotoxicity effect of nanoniosomal cisplatin was 38.6 µg/ml.
The present study showed that to reduce side effects of cisplatin and increase its toxicity, nanoniosomal formulation can be used.

The transfersomes are ultraflexible vesicles¡ which due to their elastomechanic properties are able to penetrate into pores smaller than their own size¡ and thereby have the potential to deliver drugs to the skin. In this study growth hormone transfersomes were constructed from two formula made of phospholipids¡ sodium deoxycholate (f1) and sodium lauryl sulphate (f2) as surfactants. There are different ways of obtaining transfersomes with a specified size range. One of the methods is the use of sonication to regulate their size and dimensions. Accordingly¡ in order to study transfersomes carrying the growth hormone¡ the vesicles were sonicated using both the probe and bath methods. In each case¡ dimensions¡ dispersity¡ the zeta potential of transfersomes and biological activity of the growth hormone were measured during three different time cycles of sonication. The results showed that during investigation of all the different time periods¡ growth hormone activity was found to decrease further following probe sonication when compared to that of bath sonication. Therefore¡ vesicle size and zeta potential were measured in the probe sonication tests. The mean size was found to vary between 242.6 to 190.6 and 81.37 to 159.6¡ for the f1 and f2 vesicles¡ respectively. The zeta potential of the f1 transfersomes was more negative than that of f2.

Aim and Nowadays, using nanocarriers has increased in drug delivery industry. Niosome is one of the nanocarriers with non-ionic surfactant which increases the stability of drug in body. Since, using cisplatin in the treatment of cancers has some side effects, it was nanoniosomed.
Nanoniosomes were synthesized by reverse phase evaporation and ether injection methods. The mean diameter of particles was determined using Zetasizer. The encapsulation and drug loading efficiency of two formulations which were prepared from both reverse phase evaporation and ether injection methods was measured by spectrophotometric method. Drug release pattern was examined by dialysis in a period of 48 hours. Cytotoxicity effect on nanoniosomal cisplatin was determined on C6 cell line by MTT assay.
The mean diameter of particles was synthesized by reverse phase evaporation and ether injection methods was determined 242.1±5.10 nm and 218.6±3.42 nm, respectively. The encapsulation and drug loading efficiency of two formulations were measured 43.6±4.59%, 52.8±3.22%; 4.36±0.08% and 5.28±0.17%, respectively. The results of drug release showed that released drug from prepared formulation using reverse phase evaporation was 97.53±0.55% and using ether injection was 81.23±1.24%. In addition, the results of cytotoxicity showed that the cytotoxicity of prepared formulation using ether injection more than prepared formulation applying reverse phase evaporation.
This study showed that using reverse phase evaporation to synthesize nanoniosomal cisplatin is more appropriate method than ether that of injection method.

Aim and Functional nanoparticles have offered many hopes in drug delivery. These structures not only increase the efficiency of nanoparticle-associated drugs, but also attenuate the side effects of these therapeutic agents. In this study various nanoparticulate formulations of Hydroxyurea (HU) were constructed. reverse phase evaporation technique was used to obtain the Hydroxyurea-loaded liposome. Aspartic acid containing-Gold nanoparticles (GNPs) were manufactured using reduction of chloroauric acid salt. DNA extracted from human breast cancer cell line MCF-7 was then conjugated to GNPs (nanoconjugate). Nanoconjugate was subsequently mixed with Hydroxyurea-loaded liposome to give nanoconjugate complex. Obtained nanoparticulate formulations were characterized with dynamic light scattering (DLS) and UV-Vis spectrophotometery methods. Spectrophotometery was also used to determine the drug loading efficiency. MTT assay and MCF-7 cell line was contributed to provide the information about cytotoxicity effects of various formulations. Drug loading efficiency was found to be 70%. While nanoconjugate complex gave the largest size with 502 nm, size of produced GNPs was minimum with 29 nm. Although compared to free drug, efficiency was significantly enhanced when HU was coupled to nanoparticulate formulations, this effect was more evident at lower concentrations of drug (>20 µM). In this regard cytotoxicity effect of nanocomplex was prominent. Cytotoxicity effects of HU-loaded liposome and nanoconjugate complex at lowest concentration (5 µM) were estimated to be 70 and 81 percent respectively. More cytotoxicity observed with nanoconjugate complex could be attributed to an increase in the HU transfer to cell because of GNPs. Free HU showed cytotoxicity effects equal to 32 and 88 percent at 5 and 2500 µM, respectively. Results of the study showing that liposome nanoparticle could be considered as a suitable carrier for HU. It has demonstrated that GNPs exert essential role in which at the present of this nanoparticle as nanocomplex structure, cytotoxicity effects were significantly increased. According to these observations, use of GNPs as liposomal nanocomplex for various drug formulations could be considered. Because of significance increase in the cytotoxicity effects of nanoconjugate complex produced in this study, it is recommended to initiate the in vivo studies.

Aim and Archaeosome nanoparticles are used in drug delivery to improve the efficacy of therapeutic agents and decrease the side effects. In this study, archaeosome nanoparticles were used as Cisplatin carrier. Methanogenic archaea were successfully cultured in a routine liquid medium. Archaeosome was extracted from the membrane of archaea using centrifugation process. After that homogenous emulsion of archaeosome was raised in phosphate buffer saline containing poly ethylene glycol and Cisplatin under motion by stirrer. Sonication performance was also recruited to obtain the nano sized archaeosome and Cisplatin entrapment. While Cisplatin encapsulation efficiency was estimated in supernatant after separation by ultracentrifuge, cytotoxicity effects of Cisplatin in the free form and encapsulated on the archaeosome were calculated in the breast cancer MCF-7 cell line using MTT assay. Drug-containing nanoparticles were synthesized successfully. The entrapment efficiency for pegylated and non pegylated nano archeasomes was estimated 70.16 and 54.52% respectively. Size of the nanoparticles was shown to be 132/84 and 388.31 nm for non pegylated and pegylated nanoparticles respectively. Although cytotoxicity effects of Cisplatin was increased when drug become associated with NPs, this effect was predominant when pegylation process was contributed to construct the Cisplatin loaded nano archaeosome. The results of our study suggested that archaeosome nanocarriers could be used as a suitable carrier for Cisplatin while pegylation increases the efficiency of preparation.

Nonspecific lipid transfer protein 2 (nsLTP2) is among prolamin super family, capable of transferring various lipophilic molecules such as sterols. Despite advantages of the protein in drug delivery systems, there are some reports on its allergenic properties. Comparative sequence analysis displayed at least 51% homology in different species of rice-nsLTP2. The aim of the current study was to evaluate gene sequence and protein structure analysis of Iranian rice-nsLTP2, by means of bioinformatics tools, to improve its potential capability for drug delivery systems. Gene sequence homology assessment revealed resemblance mostly with Japonica species (Accession NO. NP-0011048723.1). The presence of various specific sites and motifs in the structure of nsLTP2 were determined by sequence analysis. Preliminary studies demonstrated four antigenic determinants in the primary sequence of the protein, which three of them retain after post translational modification. Moreover, sequence assessment revealed that those residues contributing in the protein cavity are conserved totally among Japonica and Iranian species. Modeling approaches were used to determine the influence of deletion of allergenic sites on protein affinity toward hydrophobic ligands. The obtained results revealed the efficacy of nsLTP2, as a drug carrier protein, could be improve by appropriate swap at specific residues and elision of allergenic sites.

new nano-carrier platforms based on natural biological building blocks offer great promises in revolutionizing medicine. The usage of specific protein cage structures such as virus-like particles (VLPs) for drug packaging and targeted delivery has attracted much attention. versatile chemical and genetic modifications on the outer surfaces and inner cavities of VLPs facilitate the preparation of new materials requirements for drug delivery. A full evaluation on the toxicity, biodistribution and immunology of these materials are envisaged to boost their application potentials. VLPs can easily offer the requirements that are needed for a drug delivery, such as biocompatibility, solubility in water, and high uptake efficiency.

Aim and carboplatin as an anticancer agent belongs to platinum family drugs. Along with anticancer functionalities, this drug may have some side effects. Targeted and selective prescriptions of drugs reduce their side effects. Nanotechnology-based drug delivery systems are available approaches to overcome this problem. In this study, carboplatin was loaded on poly butyl cyanoacrylate nanoparticles and then its features were evaluated. carboplatin was loaded into nanoparticle during polymerization of monomer. Monomer was polymerized by emulsion polymerization technique. To determine amount of loaded drug on nanoparticle, spectrophotometery method was used. Evaluation of the cytotoxicity effects of free form of drug and carboplatin-loaded nanoparticle were performed on MCF-7 cell line using MTT assay. size and zeta potential of carboplatin-loaded nanoparticles were found to be 319 nm and -7 mv. Loading percentage of carboplatin on nanoparticles was estimated 6%. Evaluation of cytotoxicity effects shown survival rate due to carboplatin and carboplatin-loaded nanoparticle at concentration 20 macro molar (p<0.01) were estimated 80±0.6% and 84±0.6%, respectively. These values at the concentration of 160 macro molar (p<0.01) were estimated %44±0.5 and %51±0.2, respectively. Probably, due to low loading efficiency, cytotoxicity effects of carboplatin-loaded nanoparticle were decreased in comparison with free form. Further studies were needed to construct suitable carboplatin-loaded poly butylcyanoacrylate nanoparticle. In this way miniemulsion polymerization could be recruited.