جستجوی مقالات مرتبط با کلیدواژه « in vitro » در نشریات گروه « زیست شناسی »

Cinnamomum is a type of tonic spice that has had a special place in traditional medicine for a long time due to its effects on body health. Even today, with the discovery of its wide therapeutic properties, it is used in many countries. The main components of Cinnamomum, including cinnamaldehyde, can play a role in the treatment of breast cancer. In this study, we investigated the antioxidant effect and anticancer properties of the active ingredient in cinnamon in breast cancer. The dose of the active ingredient of cinnamon was determined and checked by the MTT test method. The effects of cinnamon active substance on PI3K/AKT signaling pathway were investigated using molecular docking and real-time PCR methods. The results were that the dose of the effective substance was equal to 0.093 mg/ml and among the four proteins, AKT gene was selected due to the highest and best reaction at the protein level and the expression of AKT gene was very low in the presence of cinnamon. According to the effects, activity and antioxidant properties of the active substance of cinnamon, taking into account their side effects in vitro and in silico, this active substance of the plant can be used as an inhibitor of the PI3K/AKT signaling pathway and also it can be used as a Malignant tumor preventer.

Micrografting is a grafting technique that involves the placement of a small meristem or section of shoot-tip onto a decapitated rootstock that has been grown aseptically from in vitro seedlings. In vitro micrografting provides many benefits to producers in agriculture and natural resources. The success rate in micrografting can be affected by different factors such as cultivar or genotype, scion length and rootstock development stage and adaptation of a micrografted seedling in greenhouse conditions. In this review, various applications of micrografting techniques such as early detection of viral, viroid and phytoplasma infections, obtaining of grafted disease-free plants free from virus and virus-like disease, overcoming ecological limits, providing an alternative production technique, rejuvenation of mature tissue, bypassing the juvenile phase in fruit trees, recovery of cryopreserved shoot tips, allowing a quick supply of  safe germplasm exchange, facilitating the early diagnosis of grafting incompatibilities, saving rootless shoots and deficient embryos, testing long-distance signalling in plants, productions of polyploidy plants are discussed.

Salinity is one of the most important limiting factors for growth and distribution of terrestrial plants. Salt stress, by affecting the osmotic potential of the soil around the root, cause toxicity to plants, which lead to reduced growth, declined productivity, and impaired nutrient uptake. The Myrtus communis L. is an ornamental-medicinal shrub that is of particular importance due to its useful aromatic compounds, its uses in traditional medicine, and applications in natural ecosystem restoration and soil erosion projects. Few studies have been conducted on the physiological responses and resistance of myrtle to abiotic stresses and the limited available results make it difficult to generalize to all populations. In the present study, we attempted to investigate the regeneration and growth rate of myrtle shoots over different salinity levels (0, 100, 150, and 250 mM NaCl) under in-vitro culture condition. Additionally, some other physiological responses such as pigment content, relative water content (RWC), cell membrane stability, leaf proline content, amount of reactive oxygen species, biochemical parameters, and activity of some antioxidant enzymes, were also evaluated. The results showed that the salinities at moderate and severe levels (150 and 250 mM NaCl, respectively) significantly effected in-vitro growth and regeneration, membrane stability, carbohydrate and protein contents as well as leaf chlorosis and necrosis. The results also showed that RWC chlorophyll content, and resistance index were only affected at high salinity level, while lipid and proline content, the activity of antioxidant enzymes, and ROS levels were relatively affected at all salinity levels.

Satureja avromanica Maroofi. is an endemic and endangered medicinal plant. In order to in vitro propagation of this plant, an experiment was performed in two phase. The first phase was performed as a factorial based on completely randomized design. The first factor included four concentrations of simvastatin (0, 5, 10 and 20 µmol) and second factor included four concentrations of salicylic acid (0, 0.1, 0.3 and 0.5 mmol). Shoot tips were used as micro explants and MS culture media was used as stock culture media for all treatments. After 45 days from culture of micro explants, viability of micro explants, percentage of dry weight, number and length of stem, leaf area, content of chlorophyll a, b and total chlorophyll, carotenoid, proline, total phenol and total soluble protein were evaluated. In the second phase, the effects of three levels of IBA (0, 0.5 and 1 μmol) on percentage of rooted sample, root length and number of roots were investigated. Results indicated that micro explants that were subjected under interaction of high concentrations of simvastatin and salicylic acid were burned. The most of studied traits were affected significantly by simvastatin and salicylic acid. Maximum mean of dry weight percentage, proline and total phenol were observed in explants treated with 0.3 mmol SA+ 5µmol SS. The highest of stem length was related to 10 µmol SS treatment and the maximum of chlorophyll, carotenoid and total soluble protein were observed in explants treated with 20 µmol SS. Among the applied treatments for stimulation of rooting, 0.5 μmol IBA was the most effective treatment.

Micropropagation of apple has played an important role in the production of healthy, disease-free plants and in the rapid multiplication of rootstocks with desirable traits. In this study, the effects of disinfection, medium type and plant hormone on contamination, number of lateral branches, shoot length, callus induction, number of leaves of three rootstocks M106, M111 and B9 as factorial experiment in completely randomized design with three replications were investigated. The explants Surface sterilized by different concentrations of mercuric chloride and sodium hypochlorite and then were cultivated in modified MS, WPM and DKW media. The lowest contamination achieved by mercuric chloride (0.1%) and ethanol (70%) for 3 minutes and 30 Seconds, respectively. In this study, the modified MS medium supplemented with 0.1 mg/L BA with maximum growth had more successful establishment. Mean comparisons showed that rootstock M106 in terms of all studied traits, have a significant difference with other rootstocks, and So that the highest shoot length, leaves number and callus induction observed in this rootstock. The maximum branch initiation achieved from medium supplemented by 0.1 mg/ L IBA and 2 mg/ L BAP. The results showed that genotypes respond differently to culture conditions, as the rootstock B9 showed better response to branch initiation than other genotypes.

Nanotechnology is currently one of the promising approaches for cancer diagnosis and treatment. Among different materials that so far have been used for drug delivery, the systems based on the polymers are more attractive, due to their simple manufacturing processes and diversity in polymer functionalization and modification methods. Polyethyleneglycol (PEG) and polycaprolactone (PCL) are two FDA approved and biocompatible synthetic polymers which frequently have been used in the pharmaceutical industry. Apart from the delivery carriers, the active ingredient’s safety is also very challenging in case of cancer therapeutics. The chemotherapy agent’s side effects are one of the main patients’ death in many cancers. The naturally extracted curcumin is one of the most interesting anti-cancer agents with a proven selective effect on the cancerous cells which results in minimum side effects during the treatment. Curcumin has been tested as the main agent or in combination therapy of various cancers. Numerous studies have shown the safety and efficacy of curcumin at different administered doses. However, the main obstacle in the application of curcumin is its low aqueous solubility and low and variable bioavailability after administration. For that, in this study, we tried to enhance the solubility of curcumin using a novel diblock copolymer of PEG-PCL nanoparticulate system. At first, the PEG-PCL copolymer was synthesized and then characterized by GPC, FTIR, and H NMR methods. After that, curcumin was loaded in the micellar structure of PEG-PCL at an optimized encapsulation approach and then the toxicity of the prepared nanoparticles was assessed in MCF-7 cell culture. The results showed that the prepared nanoparticles could efficiently entrap the hydrophobic molecules of curcumin, improve its solubility and increase in vitro activity against cancer cell line.

In order to increase of the natural products in fish farms, the survival, growth and reproduction status of many amphipod species were investigated in vitro. Seven amphipods were studied including Gammaruskomareki, Pontogammarusmaeoticus, Pontogammarusborceae, Gammarusparicrenatus, Gammaruslacustris, Obesogammarusacuminatus and Gammarusaequicauda. These species were collected from 8 locations in the Caspian Sea basin; two points in the southern Caspian Sea shore, Anzali Wetland, Miankaleh Gulf, Gorigol Wetland, Neor Lake, two springs in Hiran and Kojor regions. 150 individuals of each species were kept and similarly fed in aquariums with three replicates. The final population, length frequency and reproduction situation were studied after 100-150 days. The highest number of individuals, juvenile and the vigorous females were observed in P. maeoticus, P. borceae and Obesogammarusacuminatus. These species seems to be good candidate to use in fish farm ponds that the additional studies are also necessary.