جستجوی مقالات مرتبط با کلیدواژه "waste management" در نشریات گروه "زیست شناسی"

The main purpose of this research is to investigate the role of environmental education of citizens in urban waste management. According to Cochran's sampling method, 382 citizens over 15 years old of Damavand city were selected as a statistical sample. To measure the variables of the research, a researcher-made questionnaire and answer package were used. To determine the validity of the questionnaire, the content validity ratio (CVR) index and its reliability were also measured by Cronbach's alpha with the help of SPSS 23 software, and it was determined to be 0.84. Kolmogorov and Smirnov tests were used to determine the normality of the data. The collected data were analyzed using Pearson's correlation coefficient test and multivariate regression. The results showed that there is a significant relationship between the two variables of environmental education of citizens and waste management, and between the two variables of waste segregation knowledge and waste segregation behavior at the 95% confidence level, and 50% of waste management is explained by the demographic characteristics of citizens. And the scale of gender, age and education of citizens has a significant relationship on waste management. For gender difference, waste management changes were 3.38, for different ages, 1.72, and for education, 0.59 standard deviations were obtained. The average value of waste management in women is significantly higher than that of men, the average value of waste management in ages (36-45 years) is higher than other ages, and the average value of waste management of citizens with master's education is higher than other people with other educations. Education of different sections of the society including men and women in all age groups and with different levels of education can be of great help in improving urban waste management

Industries play an important role in the development of societies. The generation of large volumes of industrial waste with complex characteristics makes their management a challenge. In addition to occupying the land, the accumulation of these wastes causes environmental pollution. The main purpose of this study is to identify industrial wastes in the industrial zone of Gilan province and to investigate their management system. In this study, 11 industrial zones in Gilan province were investigated in 15 industrial groups. Astara industrial zone has the lowest number of units with six active units, and the largest number of active units under investigation is Sepidroud industrial zone (41 units) and then Rasht industrial zone (37 units). The food industry group with 50 active units (24%) has contributed the most in investigating the type and amount of industrial waste in Gilan province. Based on the data of the study, the total amount of industrial waste is 45926 tons per year. In addition, the main special genaration wastes are 60314 liters of used oils and 16707 tons of different types of wastes per year. The metal industrial group generated the largest amount of industrial waste with the genaration of 32917 tons per year. Also, the cellulose and synthetic oil industrial group units have the highest amount of hazardous waste genaration per year with the genaration of 29,600 liters and 6,300 tons, respectively. Based on the data obtained from the industrial units, the total sales and recycling methods accounted for 54.1% and disposal for 45.9% of cases. Obtaining information on industrial waste flow in Gilan province provides the opportunity to recover and save identified resources. In addition, many economic and environmental benefits are obtained by making a decision and implementing proper waste management.

Today, population growth, urban development and economic prosperity, increasing the quality of life and increasing consumer choice have led to an increase in the amount of waste produced in urban communities. Since waste production is inevitable in any society and waste management is considered as one of the key environmental issues and therefore there is a growing demand to analyze and compare the efficiency and environmental and technical effects of various waste management policies. Is.According to the amount of waste produced in the world, more than 70% of this waste is not properly reused or recycled, and this indicates a lack of large volumes of resources and a lot of pressure on the primary resources of the planet. Regular problems with solid waste management are very complex due to the multiplicity of factors, such as the quantity and quality of waste generated, the rapid expansion of urban areas, financing problems, rapid technological advances, as well as energy and raw material constraints.Municipal solid waste management in developing countries is a complex issue due to rapid population growth, rapid and unplanned urbanization, and public health problems due to a lack of adequate health infrastructure. In addition, governments' ability to manage waste is limited, and this partnership is often inefficient and inadequate. Also, the existence of informal workers, people's resistance to pay for services, inefficient collection system, illegal burial and lack of a clear legal framework are other problems in this sector.In Iran, according to statistics, one-fifth of the country's household waste is produced in Tehran, which produces 320 kg per year of municipal waste. According to the Tehran Municipal Recycling Organization, the economic value of Tehran's organic waste, which accounts for about 70 percent, is estimated at $ 250 million a year. Therefore, improving the efficiency of the collection system will mean environmental development, improving the urban landscape and storing economic resources.Considering that the city of Tehran as the capital of the country and its large population needs useful and effective waste management and Tehran Municipality has taken effective measures in this regard, but the problem of final waste disposal in Tehran is still one of the most important concerns of urban management. A significant part of the problems can be imagined by identifying the effective factors in waste management, which are sometimes also a major challenge, and create the conditions to achieve a logical relationship between the container and the container. It is necessary to identify the drivers of waste management promotion. Therefore, this study intends to plan for municipal waste management based on a new planning perspective, using specific futures research methods. In this regard, and considering the nature of the research, this research has been conducted with the aim of answering the question that; What are the key drivers of promoting waste management in Tehran?

The present research is applied in terms of purpose and exploratory research in terms of the nature of the subject. The required data and information have been collected through documentary-field and field libraries (questionnaires). At this stage of the research, the questionnaire was completed by the elites in the field of urban development and waste management by snowball method (10 experts). In this regard and in order to analyze the data, after extracting the effective factors in urban waste management through theoretical foundations and using expert opinions, content analysis (CVR) was performed, then a questionnaire of interaction was asked of experts and finally, the propellants were identified using structural-interpretive modeling (ISM) and MICMAC analysis.

Content analysis for factor validity using the opinions of 10 experts, showed that out of 43 primary factors, 20 factors have obtained a coefficient (CVR) above 0.75 to be considered the final factors of this research (expert workforce, Motivational schemes, consumption pattern, revenue generation, segregation scheme, partnership, waste segregation organizations, natural resource protection, environmental hazards, educational and cultural programs, public social awareness, investment, planning Implementation of operations, infrastructure, financial resources and budget, advanced technology, research, comprehensive waste management plan, layout and management expertise and foresight are the most important factors in promoting urban waste management. Using the retest method, they showed that the questionnaire has acceptable reliability (the reliability of the first time is equal to 0.794 and the second time is 0.807).Regarding the identification of waste management improvement factors that used structural-interpretive modeling (ISM) and MICMAC analysis, the findings showed that research and research factors and expertise and management efficiency with penetrationrate of 18 have the greatest impact and protection of natural resources and hazards. Environment with the penetration rate of 1 had the least impact.The results obtained from the classification of research variables also showed that in the group of autonomous variables, specialized labor force factors (X11) and motivational schemes (X20) are included (factors that have weak influence and dependence). In the group of dependent variables, consumption pattern factors (X2), revenue generation (X7), source separation plan (X18), partnership (X1), waste segregation organizations (X5), natural resource protection (X9) and environmental hazards (X10) (factors that have high influence, power and dependence, and in fact, any action on these variables will change other variables). In the group of related variables, the factors of educational and cultural programs (X3), public social awareness (X4), investment (X8), planning and execution of operations (X12) and infrastructure (X14) are included. (Factors that have a high degree of influence (stimulus) and dependence. In fact, any action on these variables will change other variables) and in the group of independent variables (key), financial resources and budget (X6), Advanced technology (X13), research (X15), master plan for waste management (X16), productivity and management expertise (X17) and foresight (X19) (factors that have high penetration and low dependence These factors act as the structural cornerstone of the system and must be emphasized in the first place for a fundamental change in system performance.

In this study, based on this logic (which is a useful method to discover the factors governing the promotion of urban waste management, interpretive structural research model due to the use of expert opinions and content validity) the most important factors to improve management were tried. Tehran municipal waste should be identified and the impact of each of them on each other should be analyzed. In this regard, the results showed that among the 20 important factors studied, factors of financial resources and budget, advanced technology, research, comprehensive plan of waste management, productivity and management expertise and foresight), compared to other factors of priority They have a lot to improve waste management and in fact the key to improving waste management is to improve these factors. In emphasizing these factors, one should not neglect other factors. Therefore, it can be inferred that by attaching importance to conducting more and more quality research, improving technology and its proper use, financing and increasing government budget, employing efficient, effective and specialized management, having plans Codified and foresighted and finally the comprehensive plan of waste management, we will see the improvement of waste management in Tehran. It should be noted that the above factors are interrelated with each other in a chain. In such a way that by improving the situation of each factor, the ground is prepared for the improvement of the next factors. For example, funding and increasing government funding and improving the quality of research can advance technology and its use, and increase its management capacity and effectiveness.

The increase in population and the expansion of urbanization, followed by the growth of industrial units, has led to the production of waste and pollutants, and the amount of effluents and wastes that humans enter the environment has increased. So that it is one of the most fundamental dangers of human society. Today, traditional waste collection and disposal systems are not accountable and can not prevent environmental pollution caused by various types of chemical, microbial, radioactive waste. Therefore, the scope of management of this category is very wide and variable, for such an issue there is no other way but management and strategic program. Waste pollution is not only a factor in increasing economic costs, but also a threat to human health both mentally and physically. Various wastes are the inevitable result of the widespread use of chemicals and industrial and agricultural products in everyday life. Global experience has shown that if waste is not properly managed and these materials are not converted into less hazardous materials by scientific and technical methods or are not disposed of properly and properly, they will be the source of many hazards and threats. Waste is an unavoidable product of any society, the management of which is one of the basic needs of society. Therefore, having a waste management system is essential. Waste management is as one of the most important concerns of human societies. Increasing volume of waste on the side and their diversity furthermore adds to the complexity of the conditions and how to collect and dispose of them. Waste management has always been one of the most important issues that governments consider in macro and regulatory laws and regulations. The urban waste management system in its modern sense emerged in the 1930s in industrialized countries. This becomes important for governments when the environmental and health risks of waste increase and find the dimensions of human rights and citizenship. In this regard, the purpose of this writing is to investigate the approach of the country's development programs in connection with waste management. Because of the importance of these programs in the development of the country, their study on the one hand provides the possibility of recognizing the shortcomings of the national development process and on the other hand corrects the trends. Also, since program laws are considered the most important development document in the country; Therefore, paying attention to waste management in the country's program laws can be an effective step in solving these cases.

Whereas the country's development plans are the most important policy documents in which development goals and strategies are formulated according to the ideals, capabilities, facilities and environmental conditions of the country; Paying attention to waste management in these programs can play an effective role. In this research, by descriptive-analytical method, first, considering the ambiguity of the concept of waste management to define and express this concept, then we have reviewed and analyzed the laws of the development program of the Islamic Republic of Iran in relation to waste management. In such a way that Articles related to the discussion of waste management are extracted and then these Articles, according to the different expressed subjects in them, categorized in six titles Municipal wastewater and sewage, pollution fines, hazardous waste management, new methods of waste disposal and recycling, financial issues of waste management.

By studying the provisions of the program laws, it became clear that the situation of waste management in Iran in recent years has been considered. Waste management is one of the most important pillars in sustainable development that the Law on Waste Management as a turning point in the attention of the Iranian legal system to the issue of "waste" as a comprehensive law in the field of dealing with the dangerous effects of pollution and problems caused by waste for their optimal management was approved by the legislature. Waste management is seriously considered in the Fourth Development Program Act. Also, one of the policies of the Sixth Development Program is to establish a comprehensive waste management system and to develop and support the recycling industry. So that the establishment of a comprehensive waste management system with the establishment of the system of evaluation, monitoring and monitoring of recycling activities are among the basic measures envisaged in this area. Pollution crimes in the third and fifth development programs have been considered for the comprehensive management and sustainable development of water resources in the country, according to which units that produce wastewater with more pollution than the national standards, in case of violation Execution of Sewage collection installations, filtration and Sanitary disposal of effluent are subject to fines. The management of some hazardous and new wastes, including nuclear wastes, is one of the challenges considered by legislators in the countries, which is also mentioned in Iranian law in the Fifth Development Program. One of the important issues and problems of countries is the achievement of new methods of waste management, which has been considered in the fourth, fifth and sixth development programs. Finally, it must be acknowledged that communities have faced one of the most important consequences of industrial development over the past few decades, and that improper transportation of waste is a major contributor to environmental pollution; Waste is one of the most fundamental hazards of human society that is considered an integral part of human life today, Therefore, having a waste management system is essential. Program rules can play a role in waste management and promote pollution control as industries develop. But to achieve the ultimate goal of sustainable development with an emphasis on environmental protection, we need a plan with a comprehensive view of all the factors affecting waste management, which can be taken in this direction by careful and principled planning, so that with proper management, these rules can be used in appropriate directions. Therefore, in the next step, we can think about filling the gaps and weaknesses and its pathology, and prepare and provide the necessary decision and action to improve its implementation status.

Nowadays, waste management system can be considered as a part of comprehensive management system by increasing waste production in urban communities. This system includes organizational structure, planning activities, defining responsibilities, determining methods and providing the necessary resources for the preparation, implementation, revision and preservation of environmental policy. This study aimed to identify stakeholders in decision-making and policy-making in waste management. The data of this study was carried out by interviewing stakeholders by snowball method. Data encryption process was performed using N-vivo qualitative software. The number of participants was determined according to data saturation and theoretical adequacy and the questions were opened. Stakeholders into decision-making in the field of waste management were classified in two groups of policymaker; waste management services providers, waste manufacturers and primary executives of waste management. Optimal participation of all internal and external stakeholders in waste management policy systems is very important in order to achieve the goal of quality improvement.

Waste pollution and contamination from municipal waste disposal in traditional ways is a great danger to human health and the environment. The average waste production in the Sirjan city is over 150 tons per year, which to date has used the traditional methods of dumping and burying waste in the desert for disposal. Thus, in this study, according to the results obtained from waste separation and high volume of organic waste, waste management was evaluated by aerobic compost method. Five treatments with different compositions were considered for compost production and the physical and chemical properties of the produced composts were tested and evaluated according to different standards. According to the results of research on waste composting, municipal solid waste management using the compost method significantly reduces the need for landfilling and also leads to economic savings and financial profitability. Therefore, in order to increase economic efficiency, reduce landfill volume and proper waste management, and compost method is recommended as the leading methods in urban waste management of Sirjan city.

Citizens' participation in the waste management process is achieved by reducing waste generation and separating waste at source as one of the most efficient and economical processing methods in most countries today. Citizens play an important role in the success of this approach to municipal waste management. The purpose of this study was to evaluate and analyze the factors affecting citizen participation in household waste management in Tehran. The research method is descriptive-analytical and the research tool is a questionnaire. The validity and reliability of this study were confirmed by previous similar researches and the opinions of theses professors and thesis advisors. The internal validity (reliability) of the tool (questionnaire) was also demonstrated through Cronbach's alpha with 0.84 for the questionnaires. Ranking of factors affecting the rate of citizen participation in household waste management showed a significant relationship and it was found that each of the factors had different ranking in participation. Also, one-sample t-test, Spearman and Spearman tests were used to investigate the research variables (including gender and education) related to participation in household waste management. There are positive and significant.

Today, site selection is an important and necessary issue for construction and demolition wastes management in population fast-growing regions. Therefore, the main purpose of this research that was sponsored by Karaj municipality is landfill site selection for CDW in Karaj city with geographic information system (GIS) and multi-criteria evaluation (MCE) method. At first, by studying literature review, the criteria and sub-criteria necessary for site selection were identified. Four criteria and sixteen sub-criteria were selected by Delphi method. Weighting of criteria and sub-criteria was done by AHP method and expert choice software. All of the sub-criteria were mapped, standardized and overlaid in Arc GIS and IDRISI software environment by weighted linear combination (WLC) method. Finally, four alternatives (A1-A4) with a total area of 9700 hectares (4.7% of the total area of Karaj) have the the highest suitability, for CDW landfill in Karaj. These alternatives were ranked with TOPSIS method as A2>A4>A3>A4.

Concerns caused by the rapid population growth have led to a major concern for energy security and solid waste management. Welfare has a role to play in increasing waste production and should be managed in some way. There are several methods, including biogas, burial, and burning. The best management is to turn problems into opportunities because today one of the most important problems of urbanization is the growing trend of waste production, and reduction of waste production and proper disposal is essential. The collection, disposal, recycling and basic management of solid waste in Iran is very different from other countries in the world, so the use of any technology without the knowledge of materials and compatibility of local factors is not worthwhile. The use of household wastes for energy can help to protect the environment, on the other hand, to reduce waste disposal costs. In this paper, waste management has been emphasized with emphasis on energy supply based on collecting methods and urban waste disposal standards. This article is a review article that has been used for validated documents and literature and library studies related to the topic

In the metropolis of Tehran,hazardous household waste is buried due to lack of proper management without taking any action on it, such as separation at the source of separate collection of recycling and recycling along with other burial waste in the processing and disposal complex Aradkou. In this research,it is tried to study the strategies, facilities and equipment used in the management of hazardous household wastes in different countries that are facing in this regard and study the current trend of solid urban waste streams in Tehran according to the governing system.On waste management in Tehran city and the location of hazardous household wastes in this regard,considering that the reduction of production and separation of waste at source would be of great help in recycling and eventually sanitizing them and preventing pollution of the environment and the loss of national capital After identifying the weaknesses and shortcomings in the c The procedures, including the vacuum, of the legal requirements,the lack of facilities and equipment for recycling and processing,as well as the executive directives on the management of hazardous household wastes, should be addressed in the formulation of strategies and strategies for the management of hazardous household wastes in Tehran

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of training activities provided by the neighborhood houses in region 14 of Tehran on the knowledge, attitude and behavior of inhabitants in the field of waste management and separation at the source. This descriptive-comparative study was carried out through the completion of 537 questionnaires among trained and untrained respondents, with the corporation of neighborhood houses in each areas of the district. The data of this study were analysed using descriptive and inferential statistics such as Chi-square and independent t-test by SPSS software. The results of the study showed that there was a significant difference between the knowledge of trained (13.80±4.67) and untrained (12.54±4.47) respondents in the field of waste management. Furthermore, the results showed that the trained (3.59±0.98) respondents had more positive attitude toward waste management compared to the untrained (2.23±0.77) respondents. The results also indicated that the training activities of neighborhood houses have had a significant effect on participants` behavior regarding waste separation compared to the non-participants. The results also indicated that the training activities of neighborhood houses have had a significant effect on participants` behavior regarding waste separation compared to the non-participants.

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of training activities provided by the neighborhood houses in region 14 of Tehran on the knowledge, attitude and behavior of inhabitants in the field of waste management and separation at the source. This descriptive-comparative study was carried out through the completion of 537 questionnaires among trained and untrained respondents, with the corporation of neighborhood houses in each areas of the district. The data of this study were analysed using descriptive and inferential statistics such as Chi-square and independent t-test by SPSS software. The results of the study showed that there was a significant difference between the knowledge of trained (13.80±4.67) and untrained (12.54±4.47) respondents in the field of waste management. Furthermore, the results showed that the trained (3.59±0.98) respondents had more positive attitude toward waste management compared to the untrained (2.23±0.77) respondents. The results also indicated that the training activities of neighborhood houses have had a significant effect on participants` behavior regarding waste separation compared to the non-participants. The results also indicated that the training activities of neighborhood houses have had a significant effect on participants` behavior regarding waste separation compared to the non-participants.

This is a cross sectional-exploratory and an applied study during 2017 in health-care centers in south of Tehran. In this study, evaluating the 90 checklist for waste management were determined in southern Tehran health centers. In the studied centers, an average of 3.25 kg of waste per day is generated per day, of which 51% is common waste, 28% is infectious waste and 19% is waste and wastes. Only 13.3 percent of all cases have been investigated how to dispose of infectious and normal wastes from one another in the correct and complete manner, according to guidelines and standards. Initial training for waste-related staff has been implemented in only 28% of cases and periodic training in only 8% of cases. The weakness in the separation of wastes and the prevention of the mixing of normal and infectious wastes has led to an increase in the recorded rate of infectious wastes production. The results of the study indicate that managerial and regulatory weaknesses are in the stages of separation, temporary storage and transportation of wastes.

The waste management as one of the most important issues in the modern world, has attracted a lot of attention and allocated the important position in terms of social, economic and health. Solid waste management as a turning point in attention of Iran’s legal system to “waste” problem was approved as a comprehensive law in the field of confront against harmful effects of pollution and problems of waste in order to optimize their management with a two-starred priority by the legislative bodies on May, 09, 2004. In this article, we have tried to study the law of waste management in Iran and the comparative study of the law in some countries and also briefly explained some of executive challenges of implementing the law. The underlying assumption of this article is that the reliance on legal instruments was not sufficient to fight against the problem and the necessity to use and coordinate other policies, fields and illegal instruments and aggregation of all community facilities beside "legislative policy" is also felt as accurate and realistic.