جستجوی مقالات مرتبط با کلیدواژه "مدل" در نشریات گروه "محیط زیست"

This study was conducted with the general purpose of explaining the behavior of agricultural water conservation among farmers in Bavi County. The statistical population of this study consisted of all farmers in Bavi County of Khuzestan province. Using Cochran formula sampling and the stratified proportional sampling method, 190 persons were selected as the study sample. The data collection tool of the study was a questionnaire whose validity was confirmed by a panel of experts, and its reliability was established by calculating Chronbach's Alpha Coefficient (α > 0.7). Data analysis was done by SPSSwin18 and Smart Pls software. In this research, the theory of planned behavior was used for the research framework. The results of structural equation modeling showed that the variables of attitude, subjective norm, perceived behavior control, and inclination are able to explain 60.5% of water conservation behavior. In general, the results of this study can provide new insights for policymakers in this field, because in previous studies, more emphasis has been placed on incentives and limitations for water conservation, and attention has not been paid to environmental psychological studies.

Environmental education is one of the most important factors in promotion of public awareness about the environment. In particular, educating children will have a deeper impact. This study aims to present a model for evaluating environmental beliefs and attitudes of students and the factors influencing them. The proposed model has three scales. We studied past research, organizational experiences and viewpoints of experts on environmental education. In addition to offering a scale to measure environmental attitudes of students and the factors influencing them, we introduce a comprehensive and important model for such task. This research falls in the descriptive-review category. The results indicate the usefulness of taking three dimensions of the Manly, Johnson and Donloob model (2007) comprising the rights of nature, human liberty, and economic and critical aspects. To measure any of these dimensions it is necessary to use the approved environmental approach for children of Manley, Johnson and Dunlop (2007) and those concerning the relationship between man and nature offered by Lee and Long (2012).

Larestan ram is the smallest species of ram (Ovis) in the world, with small and isolated populations scattered in the south of the country, especially in Fars province. Planning any conservation measures for Larestan rams in the first place requires identifying the desired areas for the species and awareness of the habitat relationship between populations and conservation areas in the region. In the present study, species habitat suitability was investigated using species distribution modeling (SDM) based on MaxEnt method. For this purpose, 8 independent environmental variables including factors related to human presence, land cover type and topography in ArcGIS software environment were prepared and along with the file of presence points in Maxent software were used to prepare the species habitat utility model. Then, the obtained layer was used as a tool to study habitat connections and identify corridors between protected areas of the region by two theory-based methods and the least cost method. The results of Maxent model showed that a combination of covered rangeland types of herbaceous plants and shrubs with medium to good density in uneven areas with adequate provision of shelters and away from human development are the most important factors affecting the habitat suitability of the species. Also, the level below the chart (AUC) equal to 0.963 for training points and 0.953 for test points shows very good predictability of the model.

This study evaluated the quality of groundwater resources in the Abdullah Gio area, southwest of Quchan, Khorasan Razavi province, Iran in 2020. According to the type of geological formations, discharge, and location of water resources in the region, 10 groundwater sources were analyzed for qualitative analysis and evaluation. Physical parameters such as pH, electrical conductivity (EC), and total dissolved solids (TDS) were measured at the sampling site with a multimeter. Hydrogeochemical analysis of data in the laboratory was performed by induction plasma method and statistical analysis and modeling were performed in SPSS, Chemistry, and AqQA software. Findings showed that most of the sources are suitable in terms of drinking quality, and GQI quality index was acceptable in these sources. In terms of exploitation in the agricultural sector, the alkalinity of all water resources was based on the Wilcox classification in S2 and S4 classes and in terms of salinity in C2 and C3 classes and showed that most of the resources are not suitable in terms of agriculture. In all resources, the amount of bicarbonate was higher and the amount of nitrate was lower than the world standard. Finally, the study of geological formations showed their effect on water quality, and nitrate concentration was detected due to human activities.

Green mining is a set of scientific and technical methods to reduce the harmful environmental effects of mining in different stages of exploration, extraction، processing, and exploitation and inactive mine. The main purpose of this research was to design a green mining management model by determining of the indicators affecting green mining. The research is basic and applied type. We used the questionnaire form to get expert comments about green mining indicators. DEMATEL and DPSIR methods were used to evaluate these data. Based on the data, 11 indicators are affecting green mining. The results show that the economic growth index and the minining environmental database index are the main indicators of a green mining model. The indexs of environmental regulations, globalization and acting to environmental conventions are the weak indicators of a green mining model. Environmental knowledge of organization, companies and employee index, role of mine owner's index and role of NGO Index are relatively independent indicators from each other's and with low impact. The index of continuous environmental evaluation and the index of application of modern technology in green minning are independent indicators and do not have effect on other indicators.

The goal of this study was to investigate in Gammarus parthicus, body length frequency distribution (male, female) and relationship between clutch size and different body parts (head, pereon, pleon). Sampling from a Qanat in 2019 was done in Birjand city (Spring, Summer, Autumn and Winter). Totally, 252 gammaruses were catched. In each sampling, one hour was attempted to catch gammaruses by a hand sieve with one mm mesh size. To measure, a stereo microscope and millimeter paper were used and the samples were photographed. With a petri dish and the plastic talc (placed over the samples) gammaruses were photographed lively. Length was measured from the beginning of the head (Rostrum) to the end of tail (Telson). In addition, head, back and tail length were measured separately. Image-J software was used to analyze the resulted images. The mean total length of males and females gammaruses in four seasons were (Mean± SE) (15.75±1.21) and (12.93±1.43) respectively. Sex ratios differed according to the seasons. The total body length was obtained as a model of the explanatory variables including head length, tail length and season. The most sex ration in spring (1.39) and the lowest one in winter (0.31) were observed respectively. The total body length was obtained as a model of the explanatory variables including head length, tail length and season. The number of eggs (clutch size) per fertilized female was obtained by tearing the bag of eggs. The number of eggs was counted in a sample of gammaruses after 10 days keeping in the climate room. The climate room was used to simulate the reproduction conditions. The number of eggs was obtained as a model of head length and tail length. The report of Gammarus in the east of Iran and the influence of season in life cycle of the Gammarus.

The concept of clean environment is one of the most important and significant macro principles in the policy of the whole country. This is especially important among countries with large oil and gas capital (which is one of the major polluters of the environment). Because today, the human and economic costs of achieving a sustainable environment are estimated at billions of dollars. Due to its oil and gas industry, Iran is one of the countries that pays special attention to the environment and pollutants from its activities and has always sought to design and apply various models and models to reduce oil and gas pollutants. In this article, the authors have devoted their efforts to designing an environmental model of sustainable development in the Iranian gas industry. The combined research method is based on mixed exploratory research (qualitative-quantitative). The statistical population of the present article is based on 1080 people and using the snowball method to achieve theoretical saturation with 25 experts, in-depth interviews were conducted and in a quantitative part, to measure the model, a researcher-made questionnaire by cluster sampling method Relative was distributed among 285 samples. The validity of the questionnaire was confirmed by face and content method and its reliability was confirmed by Cronbach's alpha method. Data were analyzed by exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis with SPSS and AMOS software. The results of the qualitative section indicate that the environmental model of sustainable development has 15 dimensions in terms of causal conditions (1. service mission, 2. safety and health requirements, 3. social responsibility), underlying conditions (4. education and learning, 5 Culture building, 6. Attitudes and knowledge of managers), intervention conditions (7. Contractors, 8. Technical facilities and equipment, 9. Technology and technical operations), strategy (10. Medium and long-term policies of the Ministry of Energy, 11. Supervision and Continuous evaluation of project progress is 12. Customer Consumption Management Programs, 13. Residual Pollution Management Programs) and Outcome (14. Improving the Environmental Performance of the Gas Company and 15. Moving Towards Sustainable Development). The results of the quantitative section showed that all dimensions of the research paradigm model were confirmed.

Farm experiments are useful in knowing the drainage systems but they have considerable limitations including the inability to use them as prediction tools. Application of simulation models can cover these deficiencies but it is necessary to use the field data to evaluate the accuracy of the model. In this study, Artificial Neural Networks (ANN) and model DRAINMOD are used to predict water table.
For this purpose, field R9-11 of the Debal Khazaei sugarcane plantation is selectedand Input parameters of the models, including fluctuations in water table, the volume of irrigation water, drainage flow, Climatic data, Soil physical properties and Drainage system parameters were measured from November 2013 to October 2014. The results have showed that the artificial neural network method has a highest accuracy in predicting water table. So that the average RMSE between measured and simulation with Artificial Neural Networks and DRAINMOD obtained 0.02 and 16.8 respectively.

Malachite, due to its features and low degradability, can be removed from aquatic environments with difficulty. Given the Nitric acid effect on the physical and chemical characteristics of scoria, this study was to evaluate the effect of sulfuric acid normality (1, 6 and 12) on the efficiency of scoria in Malachite removal from aquatic environments and to determine model, isotherms and reaction kinetics. Adsorption processes were carried out in vitro at different pH values, adsorbent dosages, contact times and constant concentrations of the dye. Residual concentrations of dye was measured as 665 nm by a spectrophotometer (Cary 50 Perkin Elmer Co). In order to understand the adsorption process, the obtained data were fitted by the Langmuir, Freundlich isotherms, and pseudo-first and second-order kinetics. Findings: The results showed that the dye removal eas increased with the increase of acid normality, pH, adsorbent dosage and contact time. The highest efficiency (100%) was obtained for the adsorbent modified with sulfuric acid 6 and 12 normalities in pH =11, adsorbent dose of 1.4 g/L and contact time of 75 minutes. Adsorption data proper followed both the Langmuir isotherm, Freundlich adsorption and pseudo-second-order kinetic. Discussion and Conclusion: According to the results, it can be concluded that Malachite adsorption by scoria occurs in both multi-and mono-layerd forms and scoria treatment with Nitric acid, due to wide chemical changes (especially silica/alumina ratio) of adsorbent structure, increases the efficiency as compared to natural scoria.

Recently, population growth, economic development, and propensity to high standards of living have increased the demand for water. Renewable water per capita in Iran was reduced due to population growth and leads it to the border crisis based on global standard. Therefore, the utilization of water resources management plays an important role in Iran. Furthermore, according to the plan to visions in Islamic Republic of Iran in 1404 and plans to develop the necessary health, food security, equal opportunities, favorable environment continuous economic growth, enhance the relative per capita income and achieve full employment, importance of water in achieving these objectives is undeniable. Although there are challenges to achieve these goals. In order to understanding the challenges and managing them should have a more attention at the present situation in which This will be done through the introduction of indexes and quantitative them. This descriptive study with a quantitative model can indicate the status of sustainable water resources. The results indicate that the sustainability of water resources in the range of 0 to 1 is 0.11, which has a demand an improved management and planning.

Stream flow forecasting is one the effective mean for reservoir operation and hydropower rule curve optimizing. Using multivariable liner regression model is one of the conventional approaches for stream flow forecasting. High sensitivity of regression model to independency of independent variable (predictors) and ratio of statistical period to the number of predictors are challengeable problems for these models. Inter-correlation between predictors causes wrong estimation of predictor. At this paper for reduction of predictors for increase ratio of statistical period to the number of predictors and elimination of Inter-correlation between predictors, SSP model was prepared. SSP model use a strong searching algorithm to select effective initial predictors and principal component for seasonal and monthly forecasting. Deficiency of snow data such as snow water equivalent (SWE) is a problem of spring and summer stream-flow forecasting in cold catchment. SWE is measured twice a year in IRAN. There for, it is a prepared physical model SWEG to simulate daily SWE according other parameter such as precipitation, temperature, wind velocity and etc. it is used of Genetic algorithm to calibrate parameters of SWEG. In this paper output of SWEG is used as one variable of input variables of SSP for monthly stream-flow of TOROGH dam forecasting. The result of (RMSE) and coefficient of correlation shown that combination of these two models have enough accuracy for monthly stream-flow forecasting.

The large scale water resource development projects have in many cases recognized as the sources of diversified complex environmental impacts. Proper assessment of these impacts requires devising novel approaches to deal with the multiple aspects of the impacts per se, as well as to apply rather quantitative techniques to make more reliable and less uncertain synthesis of the overall consequences of the project activities on both the integrity and health of the surrounding environment. Analysis of the significance of the environmental impacts is a multiple criteria decision making problem and makes the core of the conventional environmental impact assessment methods. However, these conventional measures of significance analyses are proved to be inadequate for dealing with imprecise, vague and uncertain nature of the linguistic assessments of the ecological, social and cultural impacts. A new numerical method called the fuzzy outranking sorting technique for ELECTRE TRI (ELimination Et Choix Traduisant la REalite) is proposed and applied in this research for the purpose of environmental impact significance assessment of the Ardebil Dam, Drainage and Irrigation Development Project in Northwestern Iran. The basic idea behind the research was to develop a methodological framework in order to assist the environmental impact analysts in reducing, as much as possible, the intrinsic imprecise and uncertain traits of the multi-expert judgment based methods currently used in the analysis of environmental impacts of the projects. Compared to the compensatory MCDM techniques, ELECTRE TRI provides the advantage of using a fuzzy approach in the analysis of the vague and poorly determined set of judgment data and helps in more credible assignment of values to a set of predefined categories with respect to a set of impact criteria. Results of the Fuzzy ELECTRE TRI based analyses are compared with a conventional method, which has used for the environmental impact assessment of the same project. It is argued that due to its multiple criteria and fuzzy characteristics, the ELECTRE TRI method is capable of producing more reliable inputs for the decision making process compared to the conventional additive techniques.

Human is depending on nature and ecosystems at all times. Economical values of environmental services such as biodiversity were not measured in the past. Environmental problems occurred gradually and ecological economic concept has been developed. The concept indicates methods for assessing economical value of ecosystems. In this study we investigated general ecological economic models in biodiversity conservation. The models will be reviewed here can be divided into four types: cost-effectiveness (CE) models, renewable resource extraction (RR) models, macroeconomic growth (MG) models with natural resources, and general equilibrium (GE) models with natural resource externalities. The models are mediocre between economical and ecological models, but they aren’t as complex as the later models. We assess the extent to which they integrate relevant ecological theories and indicators of biodiversity.

Water scarcity and poor quality of agricultural soil in Iran; remind the necessity of marginal quality water consideration. Marginal quality water consideration. Marginal quality water is including municipal wastewater، industrial wastewater، waste leachate from metropolitan، runoff of rainfall on city area and drainage of agricultural lands. Because of developing metropolitan area، increasing population، developing industrial and agricultural area in around of cites; marginal water quality increase in certain area. Uncontrolled reuses of these resources cause environmental problems. The best way of disposal wastewater and drain water، reuse in agricultural ad landscapes when it''s doing with consideration to environmental and healthy impact، crops quality and plants sensitivity in long term. At the present time، there are many different standards for wastewater reuse. But these are inflexible for varying natural and artificial environment condition. Therefore designing models with flexibility for various conditions is necessary. In this research، the main input and output factors which can be used for designing a regional model of low quality water reuse in irrigation was presented.

Water is an important element and plays a vital role in the formation and survival of natural, economical and social systems in dry climates. Thus, there is a significant necessity to present an optimal method for utilization of water resources in these regions. Constructing dams has been a prevalent method for exploitation of water shed resources for a long time which has positive and negative impacts on the environment. Marvast dam in Yazd province-Iran with the aim of supplying agricultural water in Marvast desert and preventing groundwater loss is studied in this paper. Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) with two methods of Checklist and ICOLD matrix has been used as a tool to study and decrease the above mentioned impacts. In this method, it was attempted to implement the practical and quantitative models such as estimating the rate of Sedimentation, Flood, Stratification, and Eutrophication. Based upon achieved results and mentioned models, it was recommended to use a combined method to utilize the water resources in Marvast desert. In this method that has major elements including surface waters, ground waters and agricultural wells, the plan for exploitation of water resources is dependent on water input to dam reservoir, region’s irrigation calendar, cultivated land of region, and aquifer surface. This method would result in less negative environmental impact in addition to up to 96.1% increase in irrigation output.

The Ghenou Mountains is an interesting part of Zagros System in its Southeastern Portion. As upland to hot dry plains of Southern Iran and as an ecotonal landscapes in between two different biogeographic districts it has important ecological function and supplies important environmental services، typical of mountains landscapes in such locations. Nevertheless management of this valuable protected area remains inefficient and traditional without sound scientific principles. A regressive tendency is dominant and increasingly demands a rational rehabilitation and management plan. This necessity was the basic problem for preparation of this paper. It includes: 1-Collection of field information 2-Capability evaluation, and 3-A zoning for managerial objectives Although Ghenou has less significance in terms of wildlife but in terms of its vegetations cover it has a rich plant diversity،due to microclimatic variation. Six differences zones were observed and their management requirements were then defined separately. These were comprised of conservation and tourism، as well as، integrated watershed management and other objections. According to the natural capability of this zones and relative importance of conservation, tourism and integrated watershed management, managerial policies were defined which are based on evidences it was finally proposed to increase its status to a National Park.

In recent Years, considering environmental aspects play on very important rules in site selection of industrial sites. Paying more attention to site selection for industrial establishment to avoid of environmental problems in now and future.In this study, site selection for industrial establishment in Qom province in 1:250000 scales with utilizing of system analysis approach were done.For reaching to this goal, the environmental sources were divided to ecological source and economical-social source. These two groups were initiated, analyzed and totalized. Scientific method what utilized in this study was collecting all sources map and provided some scan of them, then digitized in GIS format and in next step, analyzed and classified them.The ecological power of land was evaluated and a model with 3 levels was provided.The next step was over laying the information layers that prepared in GIS format and remove the protected areas. The common applications of land included 17 units in four political groups of province were initiated.The area distributions were Nopelloshatu with 19964 m2 had 7. Central unit with 25603 m2 had 5, Jafarabad had 3 and Khalajestan part with 1180 had 2.Finally, based on economical and social parameters, 17 units were classified. As a result, a unit of Jafarabad got the first rank and the others unit ranked consequently.One of the results of this study that supposed to be an empirical study is proved the possibility of establishing a new model or theory in site selection for use in other places.