جستجوی مقالات مرتبط با کلیدواژه "urban management" در نشریات گروه "محیط زیست"

Due to its large population, lack of green spaces, inappropriate urban structure, and traffic congestion, Tehran is considered one of the most polluted cities in the world. Air pollution in Tehran is one of the basic health and environmental challenges that can have serious consequences for the health of citizens and their social costs. In the meantime, city buses, as one of the main means of public transportation, play an important role in the movement of passengers, but at the same time, due to fossil fuels and old technologies, they are responsible for a major contribution to the emission of pollutants. This release of pollution in turn leads to negative consequences and high costs for society. Therefore, in the present study, while determining the value of environmental damage caused by the emission of pollutants in the terminals of inner-city buses in Tehran in 2020 based on the information obtained from the transportation and urban traffic organization of Tehran municipality, analyzing the strengths and weaknesses, opportunities and threats of inner-city buses in the emission of environmental pollutants with the use of the SWOT model have been discussed.

The current research is based on an analytical-descriptive approach using field research and library studies. Based on this, the evaluation of the strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threats of the system and the presentation of pollution reduction solutions have been carried out in the form of strategic SWOT analysis. For this purpose, the required information has been collected by interviewing and completing 60 questionnaires by experts, experts and drivers of six main systems in Tehran Bus Company. Validity of questionnaires was confirmed by 10 experts and its reliability was approved by Cronbach alpha (α=0.93).

According to the results, the social cost of pollution during an annual period caused by the consumption of diesel fuel is estimated at 829.43 billion rials, which is imposed on the environment every day. The mentioned figure is based on the shadow price equivalent of CO2 pollutant and based on the price of 2020. Also, the results showed that the most important weaknesses of public transport pollution in the metropolis of Tehran are the adverse effects of high traffic congestion during peak hours on the performance of public and private transport systems, as well as the high use of private cars, especially single-passenger cars. Carrying out intra-city trips is reserved. In addition, according to the results, the most important threats include the multi-nuclear structure of Tehran metropolis and the large size of the urban area, the geographical location of Tehran and climate changes caused by fine dust. It should be mentioned the final scores obtained from the analysis of the internal factor matrix (IFE) and external matrix (EFE) were calculated as 2.75 and 2.59, respectively.

Based on this, the situation of the desired solutions to reduce pollution is in an aggressive position, based on which it is necessary to get the maximum benefit from the existing capabilities and potentials and the combination of strengths and upcoming opportunities. According to the results of the construction and rapid development of metro lines, the multiplicity of highway networks in the city, and the priority of urban management to build and expand BRT lines in different areas of the city, the most important strengths and also the potential of producing parts related to the bus fleet for its development inside the country The high impact of the media in changing the citizens' traffic perspective and the possibility of more technical monitoring for more efficient use of fuel and reducing its consumption are the most important opportunities in reducing pollution by the public fleet.

Urban spaces play a unique role in meeting the social and individual needs of children. In this regard, given that children are considered the creators of the next generations; proper p planning and design of the urban environment suitable for children's lives is very important in moving the human society towards a healthy and desirable society. For this purpose, the present study was written with the aim of identifying the influential components on management and planning of a safe urban environment with emphasis on the child-friendly city approach in Tehran metropolis.

The research method is applied in terms of purpose and analytical and exploratory in nature, and data analysis has been done using Delphi method (15 elites and managers) and application of cross-impact analysis technique in Micmac software.

The findings show that the most effective among the investigated components in the direction of safe urban environment management and planning with emphasis on the child-friendly city approach in Tehran metropolis is related to components of rules of respect for children's views (application and integration of children's views in urban planning and design in terms of various physical, mental and behavioral aspects), the right to life and maximum child development (suitable legal measures to reduce urban pollution) and environmental quality (suitability of sidewalks and streets for use by children).

Considering the current situation and the lack of key and strategic components affecting on development of system, the future of management and planning of a safe urban environment with emphasis on the approach of child-friendly city will be undesirable in Tehran metropolis.
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Urban studies in Iran are mainly focused on metropolitan areas and the least attention is paid to the management structure of middle cities. In this study, while addressing this gap, policies and practices that stimulate the growth of inclusive, safe, flexible and sustainable urban management in mid-sized cities are examined.

The purpose of the research is applied, which is a descriptive-analytical method based on library studies and field studies. Statistical sample size using available sampling, 30 specialists with purposive sampling method was performed. SPSS software and structural equation modeling with partial least squares method were used to analyze the data. Smart PLS software was used to evaluate the conceptual model of the research.

The analysis of path coefficients related to the 8 dimensions studied shows that the regularity index (0.745) has the highest impact, followed by the indicators of responsibility (0.684), participation (0.661), justice (0.641), transparency (0.529), efficiency. And effectiveness (0.429), accountability (0.356), and then pivotal consensus (0.317) have the least impact on urban management structure.

The planning system and management structure of middle cities lacks a coherent and clear approach to presenting the future perspective, which is caught in a multitude of unplanned and inefficient ones. Structurally, slowly achieve the desired development.

In order to achieve sustainable development in the urban management structure of Iranian cities, especially metropolises, a specific model based on the characteristics and dimensions of this concept and the qualities of the target context, ie the context of Iran, must be drawn. The main purpose of this study is to explain the components of achieving sustainable environmental development in the urban management structure of the metropolis in Tabriz.

In this study, using the method of customary or conventional qualitative content analysis: the categories, sub-classes and subclasses of the structure of the urban management model of sustainable development-based in Iranian metropolises were explained with emphasis on the metropolis of Tabriz. The data collection tool was semi-structured in-depth face-to-face interviews with 23 experts related to the research objectives and purposeful sampling with maximum diversity until data saturation was achieved.

After analyzing the data, 4 floors, 20 sub-classes, 99 sub-categories were formulated. Economic, cultural-social, institutional and environmental-physical capacities as components of achieving sustainable development were explained for the first time in the urban management structure of Iranian metropolises.Discussion and

As a result, in order to achieve sustainable development, much attention must be paid to the structure of urban management.

Environmental performance indicators (EPIs) have received much attention in recent years. Despite significant environmental action and in line with international community, the decline of Iran's 22 steps in the ranking of the EPI biennial reports between 2014 and 2016 has been a major issue. Considering the role of urban management in metropolises as an important executive arm in the field of environment and sustainable development in the country, this review study aimed to investigate the environmental issues of urban management and present its status in 22 districts of Tehran. The 12 indices studied, including air pollution, noise pollution, water quality and quantity, etc . Along with the analysis of the results of the studies, the main causes of Iran's decline in the global ranking of EPI indices are further investigated. According to the results of the present study, environmental management, climatic and geographical conditions, non-compliance with environmental laws and regulations and differences in urban capacity and structure of Tehran municipality areas have led to urban management fluctuations in Tehran metropolitan environment. Is. Given the overlap of Tehran's environmental management indicators with the global indicators in EPI, it can be concluded that if the long-term goals in urban management are met, considering these three factors and regularly publishing the country's environmental activities report to international communities can be concluded. It is very important to promote Iran's 155th position on environmental performance indicators.

World population growth and concentrating in cities cause many environmental problems in big cities. The environmental issue is the most important issue in urban management. Audit of Environmental Management has always been considered as an important challenge in urban management. Evaluating of effective urban development on environmental elements can be prevented to negative effective developing. Providing an adequate model make minimized personal judgment of evaluators and causes a more realistic assessment of present situation.

Using AHP and combine it with audit programs, can assist them in achieving this goal. In this study, using standards determine and expert opinion the environment indicators in municipal management and then AHP method is used to determine the weights of indicators and sub indicators. This study presents a model of environmental auditing which was conducted in order to perform a case study in one of region of Tehran municipality.

The results showed that the most important problems in the field of environmental management in Tehran metropolis were transportation and traffic management, sewage and solid waste management, and green space ratio which had some unfavorable conditions in some of the studied areas.

One of the most important issues in performance appraisal is the potential impact of the personal judgment of appraisers on the appraisal process. In the presented model, the weight of effective factors and parameters affecting the performance of urban management environment were determined. Based on these weights, control strategies can be defined. The presented model is able to identify the weaknesses of urban management system in environmental performance.

Life quality is one of the most critical study areas in different countries and although it is an attractive and universal meaning, it does not have a universally accepted definition. The life quality of a person is depended on one's true and exterior reality and inner mental understanding of these factors. The importance of studying life quality and its role in public policy survey is a useful tool in urban management and planning. Due to the fact that one of the reasons of informing the new cities in Iran is to design desirable environment for the residents, it is critical to investigate the successfulness of construction companies of new cities and municipality.
Therefore, in this research, the effect of urban management function is studied from citizen's perspectives. The experimental method is used in this paper meanwhile in some parts descriptive-analytic methodology has been used. In order to gather the information of residents, 100 questionnaires were administered using field and library (in order to study the documentary facts in this area) method. In order to analyze the data SPSS software is used. The findings of the study indicate that there is a significant relationship between urban planning function with mentally and real quality from citizen's perspective with the coefficient correlation of 0/694.
The results show that providing urban installation has the most effect in the increase of life quality in Baharestan.
In conclusion, in order to improve the life quality in Baharestan, it is suggested to provide plans in order to modify installations such as electricity network, the collection of sewage and surface water, transit network and also to provide required services for the residents.

Urbanization creates significant changes in global ecosystems, while urban agro-ecosystems can provide valuable and desirable ecosystem services for human society. Understanding these services and taking them into account is necessary for the urban management of both today’s society and future generations. This study was conducted in 2015 in Mashhad parks. To evaluate services like carbon sequestration, oxygen production and pollutant removal, plant data in plots was entered in itree software and their values were calculated according to international gas tax and also social values. In order to evaluate services such as diversity in landscapes, water storage, soil formation, biological pest control and cultural services, a questionnaire was designed using a choice experiment method and the average of willingness of landscape experts to pay was analyzed. The urban forest of Mashhad has tree cover of 41. 6 percent; the three most common species are Acer negundo (17. 4%), Platanus orientalis (15. 6%) and Robinia pseudoacacia (11. 7%). The percentage of young trees was greater than others and, so, the ecosystem services of parks come mostly from younger trees. The population of exotic tree species was more than native ones, with most exotic tree species having their origins in North America (at 44. 1%) and 15. 9% with Asian origins. The gross carbon sequestration of trees was 1. 0387 tons per hectare per year, most of which belonged to Platanus orientalis. Oxygen production was 0. 24656 and pollutant removal was 0. 041 ton/ha/year, with carbon storage per hectare at 22. 769 tons. Results showed that the value of regulatory services like (carbon sequestration, oxygen production and pollutant removal) in Mashhad parks was 4 million Rials annually per hectare and carbon storage was 61 million Rials per hectare. As the atmosphere is a huge source of oxygen, this gas was not calculated in the monitory valuation. The amount of oxygen production in all parks was 290 tons which can provide for the needs of 115 persons. Species richness was 38 with a value of 22 million Rials. Total value of other regulatory services such as (landscape diversity, water storage, soil formation, biological pest control and cultural services) was negative and, of these services, the responders only have a willingness to pay 365 million Rials per ha annually for cultural and water storage services. From this amount, 240 million Rials was for cultural services and 133 thousand Rials was for water storage. There was no willingness to pay for the other services which they consider to be part of the Municipality’s tasks. More budget is needed for increasing ecosystem services and for saving the urban ecosystem.

Green roofs and walls are emerging as the new architectural approach, based on sustainable development concepts, particularly with promotion of per-capita recreational vegetation cover and improvement of the environmental quality in modern municipalities. In this analytical research a range of benefits were investigated, such as reducing rainwater run-off, supporting biodiversity, increasing energy efficiency, reducing noise pollution and providing local cooling by green roofs and walls etc. Investigations for city of Tehran indicates that using this technique can have a significant decrease (20,000 tons) of suspended dust in the air by an increase of vegetation cover equivalent to 100 square km (i.e. 20% increase), which in turn converts 37,000 tons of carbon dioxide into oxygen per day. It was also found that expansion of vegetation areas on the buildings roofs leads to 38,000 Megawatts-hour decease in electric consumption per year (i.e. 1.2% decrease in annual consumption).
Results in past research show that due to low per capita vegetation covers and greenery in the megacities like Tehran, relative to their comparable cities elsewhere, institutionalization of roof greeneries would be an effective approach to mitigate the otherwise adversely hazardous environmental impact in these over-crowded municipalities.