جستجوی مقالات مرتبط با کلیدواژه « Analytical Hierarchy Process » در نشریات گروه « محیط زیست »

This research investigates the potential of walking and strategies for enhancing the walking network in District 3 of Tehran Municipality, aiming to boost public health and urban livability through increased physical activity. A comprehensive model was developed using Geographic Information System (GIS) data to evaluate walkability indexes across different urban areas. The study integrates multiple criteria decision-making tools and ARCGIS to map out walkability, employing ten environmental factors that significantly influence pedestrian activities. Findings indicate that urban design and infrastructure play critical roles in encouraging walking. The model's accuracy in quantifying walkability demonstrates the effectiveness of merging analytical techniques with GIS capabilities, providing a robust tool for urban planners and decision-makers. This approach not only aids in identifying areas with poor walkability but also proposes design improvements to enhance pedestrian pathways and connectivity. The research contributes to the growing field of sustainable urban planning by offering a detailed assessment of the physical and infrastructural elements that promote walking. By facilitating targeted interventions, the proposed model aims to foster a healthier, more active community in Tehran's urban landscape. This study underscores the importance of strategic planning and the application of technology in creating conducive environments for physical activity, reflecting on its implications for public health policy and urban development.

The environmental risk of the supply chain in the electricity industry is of great importance due to the many indicators and the extent of this industry. The expansion of the supply chain and the amount of fossil fuels consumed in this industry increases the importance of studies based on sustainability and compatible with the environment. As a result, the proper recognition and prioritization of the criteria affecting the green supply chain will greatly help the planners and operators of the electricity industry in order to reduce the environmental risk. In this study, an attempt is made to evaluate and investigate the risk of sustainable environmental supply chain using fuzzy hierarchical analysis (Cheng's method) in Iran's power plant industry. In this regard, 19 indicators were identified, collected and proposed based on interviews and review of past studies. Using the hierarchical analysis model in the fuzzy space and the opinions of 10 industrial and academic experts, the criteria were compared two by two and finally prioritized. According to experts, the modification of the price of energy carriers will have the greatest impact and the use of towers and masts with greater height will have the least impact on the risk of the sustainable environmental supply chain in Iran's power plant industry.

In this research, the aquifer potential of Jiroft Plain was investigated in terms of quantity and quality. For this purpose, the groundwater potential index and the groundwater quality index were calculated using the hierarchical analysis process. Related parameters were used to calculate the groundwater potential index. The groundwater quality index was also calculated according to the amount of dissolved solids in the groundwater, the total hardness, and the concentration of sodium, sulfate, and chloride ions. Finally, using the capabilities of the geographic, information system, maps of the quantitative and qualitative potential of groundwater were prepared. Based on the obtained results, Jiroft Plain was divided into three categories, good, medium, and poor, in terms of quantitative potential, which accounted for 42, 32, and 26% of the area of ​​the plain, respectively. From the point of view of qualitative potential, Jiroft plain is divided into four areas: unsuitable, poor, acceptable, and good, which cover 2, 11, 27, and 60% of the area of ​​Jiroft plain, respectively. Based on the results of this research, the best groundwater potential is observed in the middle part of the plain and the weakest groundwater potential is observed in its eastern and southern margins. In terms of quality potential, except for the south and southwest parts of the plain, the quality potential of groundwater is suitable in other parts.

Thermal power plants with significant consumption of fossil fuels play a major role in the production of air pollutants. Nitrogen oxides are among these pollutants. So far, none of Iran's thermal power plants have been equipped with technologies to reduce and control nitrogen oxide emissions. Considering the necessity of reducing pollutants caused by fuel combustion in the country's power plants, and imposing excessive social costs due to the excessive emission of pollutants, this article aims to provide a solution to analyze the factors affecting the selection of reducing technologies. Nitrogen oxides with the origin of power plant activities and also their prioritization and selection with the approach of investing in technologies to reduce the emission of this pollutant in Iran's thermal power plants has been done.

In this research, first, with the widespread knowledge of the researches conducted in this field, the existing technologies in the world and also the most important criteria influencing their effectiveness have been identified and in the next step, in order to adapt these criteria to the conditions of Iran, Fuzzy Delphi technique was used to finalize the criteria. In order to weigh the criteria and then rank the existing technologies, the new SECA ranking technique is used.

The results showed that IFGR technology, OFA, Flameless Combustion, LNB and FR(Fuel reburning) were the first to fifth priority of technology selection,  respectively.

The sum of these technological assessments will help to create more suitable and sustainable environmental conditions and less vulnerability of ecological systems.

Thermal energy recovery technologies which used to burn solid urban waste are one of the relatively new and appropriate methods in waste management. Heat and gases are generated by burning waste that can be used to generate energy. In this research, a decision model based on the Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) method is Provided to select the best thermochemical system based on three technical, economic and environmental criteria. In this study, waste incineration, gasification, pyrolysis and plasma systems were evaluated. Collection of required information was obtained by reviewing reliable sources and preparing and completing questionnaires. The study area in this study is Mashhad city. The results of this study indicate that among the studied systems, plasma system (technology) is the best option for energy recovery from solid wastes in Mashhad, after that, waste incineration, gasification and pyrolysis systems are in the next categories, respectively.

Sustainable development is a kind of development that responds to the needs of the present generation, without threatening the future generation's capabilities in meeting their needs. So one of the most important steps to achieve sustainable development is to carry out various environmental studies before implementing any development plan.

In this study, with the aim of investigating capability and evaluation of spatial temporal variations in Yasuj, efforts have been made to implement weighted Linear Combination Technique in order to predict the capability of the region for urban development. Also satellite images were used to investigate the spatial temporal variation in Yasuj city.
Analysis

In order to investigate the amount of power and evaluation of temporal and spatial variation in urban development, the criteria and sub-criteria were determined based on experts' opinions and previous researches. Then the AHP technique assisted by 30 faculty members and experts was employed to paired comparison dimensions and criteria. After the paired comparison, the information layers were standardized in the Idrisi environment and in the GIS environment. Then the layers were combined to determine the land suitability for Urban development. Afterwards, in order to study the time-shift changes of land use in Yasuj city in the three periods of 1986, 2001, and 2016, Landsat satellite images, TM, ETM + and OLI sensors, which were prepared in the Envi 5.1 software environment, were used.

Based on the land use change trends in the Yasuj area, residential or urban areas have undergone extensive changes that affected environment uses including forests, grassland, agriculture and aquatic structures. The forest, located inside and around the city of Yasuj, provides a lot of ecosystem services for the area, which by city development, these services have been reduced both quantitatively and qualitatively, which should be considered.

The results of this study can be used as a model for selecting suitable locations for urban development with respect to environmental considerations and results of this work shown that studies based on spatial data, especially on human settlements (due to their inherent nature) can be the basis for accurate planning.

Environmental risk assessment studies are usually followed a specific process, including the identification of risks and the consequences of them, estimation and risk assessment, and suggested techniques to reduce the risk and its consequences. This study was carried out in 2016 to evaluate and ranking the environmental risk generating activities for desalination plant No.1 of Ahvaz in Karoon Oil and gas co-operation and in exploitation phase. In this study, identification of risks in the region based on field visits, interviews with factory and environmental experts, status report and Delphi method were performed. Then, the ranking of risk generating activities was done using AHP method. According to the Delphi method from 11 productive activity risks identified and 8 activities were identified as the final activities that these activities have generated the most risks in the plant. The data analysis according to the AHP method showed that the highest risk generating activities was the maintenance, transfer and injection of chemicals into reservoirs with the weight 0.244 and lowest risk related to rust operation with the weight 0.069. The final results showed that the application of the Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) can be use in prioritization the criteria and sub-criteria and increases its accuracy in estimating the ultimate level of risk.

The purpose of current study is to analyze the development of electrochemical methods in improving the quality of the environment and content prioritize of chemistry text-books of secondary high school by emphasis on electrochemical and environmental education. The method of this study is qualitative and quantitative. Document study and analytical hierarchy process are used for qualitative review and analyze the content, respectively. The population of quantitative study is the content of chemistry text-books of secondary high school. The sampling technique was census. The enumeration of many topics in electrochemical and environmental science showed that the content of secondary high school chemistry text-books focuses on the basic concepts of electrochemical science and little attention has been paid to how electrochemistry helps solve environmental problems. The findings of the study showed that due to the important role of electrochemistry in environmental protection, teaching this science in high school and familiarizing students with the basic concepts of this science can be effective in finding ways to deal with environmental crises.

Forest region of South Zagros is one natural forests and due to valuable species of almonds that cover most of area, it is necessary to pay attention to its basic exploitation and development and restoration. In order to identify ecological needs of almonds, Delphi method questionnaires were prepared and provided to 64 natural resources experts and university professors. In this study, out of 37 criteria, 27 criteria were selected as definitive criteria. Evaluation of habitat conditions of studied species was done using weighting of criteria using hierarchical analysis process in 2000 Expert Choice software. In this research, criteria were evaluated using AHP method and using GIS and overlay method was used to integrate layers. Results of ecological potential assessment studies were shown on a map with a scale of 1: 25000. The results of this study showed that about 599 hectares, equivalent to 35.59% of area in excellent condition, 471 hectares, equivalent to 27.97% in good condition and 614 hectares, equivalent to 36.44% in poor condition.

Green management is one of the key factors for sustainable development and improvement of organizational performance level. The development of university waste management with a green management approach can help to improve the environmental status and quality of university sustainability indicators. This study attempts to document the status of waste management elements at the Kerman Graduate University of Technologies as a sample of Iranian universities and prioritize the factors and practical suggestions due to the finance, man power and time effectiveness. For this purpose, by visiting various units such as office, educational, facilities, laboratories, student dormitories, cafe and kitchen, the status of waste management elements was evaluated. In order to evaluate the priority of indicators affecting the required elements of waste management in universities, using Analytical Hierarchy Process and paired comparisons techniques are proposed to classify, prioritize and initiate future actions in three categories of educational, executive and Management was discussed. In short, locating and setting up a special waste disposal site and conducting its executive planning, as well as training courses for students and staff are among the most important measures to begin improving waste management at the university.

Cultural ecosystem services are usually defined as non-material benefits that people obtain from a direct contact with natural environments through spiritual enrichment, cognitive development, reflection, recreational activities, and aesthetic experiences. Policy and decision-making for environmental management, land-use planning and development at different scales can be enhanced by quantification and incorporation of ecosystem services. Incommensurability with valuation methods has led researchers to assess the cultural services using noneconomic techniques. In this research, multi criteria evaluation method was applied to assess cultural services ecosystem. In the first step, seven criteria were identified and prioritized based on Delphi method. Then, a map layer was created for each criterion. After standardizing layers, they were weighted by analytical hierarchy process. Finally, study area was divided in zones based on cultural ecosystem services. The results of this study using zonal land suitability assessment indicated that considerable amount of cultural services are located in Golestan national park and Bahramnnia research forest.

Indicators are tools to better evaluate and monitor issues and conditions. Sustainable development indicators are divided mainly into economic, environmental and social groups. The subject of environmental protection is one of the most important issues that is currently being discussed at the global level and has been the focus of the international community. Therefore, environmental indicators have been developed over the past years. In this study, in addition to collating sustainable development indicators, environmental indicators were presented as their important items. Then, the importance and prioritization of sustainability indicators were evaluated from the perspective of experts. For this, we used the Analytical Hierarchy Process. Based on the results, the weight for environmental criteria was 0.63, while that of economic and social criteria was 0.28 and 0.07, respectively. The results showed the importance of environmental protection for achieving sustainable development and the necessity of promoting the status of the environment and paying more attention to the development plans of the country.

Nowadays, the problem of water scarcity and wastewater treatment and reuse has made the proper crop cultivation pattern and irrigation method as the most important alternative in developing water resources management and could play a crucial role in meeting the water scarcity issues. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the quality of wastewater from Arak city wastewater treatment plant in order to use in agriculture and to determine the pattern of cultivation and appropriate irrigation method using AHP process. Development of model had two sub-models. The purpose of the first model was to determine optimal crop pattern at the irrigation network level and the purpose of the second model was to select the most appropriate method for irrigation using wastewater.  In this descriptive cross-sectional study, wastewater sampling of the Arak wastewater treatment plant was conducted to determine the quality parameters of effluent and comparing them with the standard values. The mean COD, BOD5 and DO parameters were 49.65, 23.26 and 1.93 mg/l respectively; the mean concentration of cadmium, copper, and lead was 0.0564, 0.08, and 0.0512 mg/l, which compliance with the standards set by Iran Environmental Protection Agency for wastewater reuse in agriculture. Total and fecal coliforms of the effluent were 877.882 and 379.558 per 100 ml. The mean number of parasite eggs was 0.52 per liter; hence, it is not recommended for agricultural irrigation. Therefore, the most limiting factor for determining the cultivation pattern is water and soil electrical conductivity followed by water cost, for which the highest Result showed that apart from total and focal coliforms, there is no limitation for re-use of the effluent in agricultural irrigation. In addition, the most limiting factor was determining the pattern of cultivation, the electrical conductivity of water and soil, followed by the cost of water, which had the highest relative weight percentage. In selecting the best irrigation systems, drip irrigation systems, surface and subsurface drip had the highest relative weight, respectively.

Environmental capability evaluation in order to select nuclear power plant site with observance of International Atomic Energy Agency requirements and in the framework of land use planning is a very important factor to achieve sustainable development. Precise evaluation of environmental capability will prepare the establishment of nuclear power plants in the coastal areas according to ecological and socio-economic considerations. The major purpose of this research is evaluation of environmental capability for nuclear power plant site selection in the Sahar Khiz region of Guilan province using Boolean-Fuzzy logic combination method based on the weighted linear combination (WLC) in Geographic information system environment. At the first step investigating with the International Atomic Energy Agency, the nuclear power plant site selection criteria were identified. Then, all the layers of ecological and socio-economical aspects were entered into the Geographic Information System Environment and then the layers were standardized. In the next stage, the Analytical hierarchy process, based on the paire comparison, for weighting of layers were utilized. Finally all the ecological and socioeconomic layers were combined by Boolean-fuzzy logic based on the weighted linear combination. After combining the ecological and socio-economical layers, it was determined that the total area of Sahar Khiz region of Gilan province is inappropriate for nuclear power plant site selection. According to the International Atomic Energy Agency and United States Nuclear Regulatory Commission requirement, the results demonstrate the environment capability evaluation for nuclear power plant site selection inthe Sahar Khiz region of Gilan province based on Boolean-Fuzzy logic method and based on the weighted linear combination (WLC), has higher flexibility and higher accuracy comparing with the Boolean logic method.

The agricultural sector plays an important role in Iranian economy and food supplies. Iranʼs population is rising. Resources constraint, widespread use of fertilizers and pesticides, and environmental pollutions are problems of the agricultural sector in increasing agricultural production. Today, the production of transgenic plants is a new strategy for increasing the quantity and quality of agricultural products worldwide. Therefore, in this study, the economic, social, environmental, health, and management-policy aspects of the production of transgenic plants are examined and prioritized to determine the importance of considering each of these aspects. The Analytical Hierarchical Process (AHP) has been used to prioritize the criteria and sub-criteria. Data and statistics were collected through field survey and questionnaire collection from Kerman city experts in 2017. The results showed that health, environmental, economic, management-policy, and social criteria for producing these plants are the most important in terms of experts respectively. Therefore, investment and research in the field of transgenic plants can be done on the basis of the prioritization.
Keywords: Analytical Hierarchical Process, Experts, Transgenic Plants. Rapid population growth, food shortages and environmental hazards have caused serious global challenges. The world’s population is growing rapidly and it is forecasted to reach 8.5 billion by 2025. Providing food for people is difficult due to lack of natural resources, so malnutrition has become a serious health problem for humans. Today, genetic engineering can increase the quantity and quality of food (Ashraf and Akram, 2009). Transgenic plants are from this category.
So far, in a comprehensive study, there has been no prioritization of the various aspects (economic, social, environmental, health, and management-policy) of transgenic plants production in Iran. Therefore, the comprehensive study of these plants seems necessary to plan for production. Therefore, in this study, transgenic plants have been investigated from five socio-economic, social, health, health, and management aspects. In this research, an analytical hierarchical process (AHP) has been used to prioritize criteria and sub-criteria.
The first level of hierarchical structure includes the main goal of prioritizing the various aspects of the production of transgenic plants. The second level covers the major criteria of the production of transgenic plants, including economic, social, environmental, health, and management-policy, and the final level includes sub-criteria of each of the main criteria. Data and statistics were collected through field survey and questionnaire collection from experts. Due to the lack of information from all experts in the field of genetically modified plants, 27 questionnaires were completed by experts in this field (environmental, agricultural and biotechnology experts). Discussion of Results & Conclusions: After creating the decision tree in Expert Choice software and entering the data collected from the questionnaires in the form of pairwise comparisons, weights of each of the five criteria (economic, social, environmental, health, and management-policy) and their sub-criteria for plant production Transgenic was identified (Table 1-6). Table 1. Weight of different criteria for the production of transgenic plants
Criteria Weight
Health 0.456
environmental 0.217
Economic 0.184
Management-policy 0.073
social 0.071
Inconsistency Rate 0.08
Source: Research results Table 2. Relative weight of sub-criteria of economic criteria for the production of transgenic plants
Criteria Weight
Increase of Yield 0.418
Increase of Productivity 0.271
Resistance to tensions 0.188
Increased foreign exchange earnings 0.087
Persistence 0.036
Inconsistency Rate 0.08
Source: Research results Table 3. Relative weight of sub-criteria of environmental criteria for the production of transgenic plants
Criteria Weight
Health of the plants and the environment 0.491
Reduce the use of pesticides and fertilizers 0.275
Avoid waste of resources 0.123
Avoid the pollution 0.111
Inconsistency Rate 0.05
Source: Research results Table 4. Relative weight of sub-criteria of social criteria for the production of transgenic plants
Criteria Weight
Helping to eliminate malnutrition 0.515
Reducing food prices 0.321
Increasing product quality 0.120
Unwillingness of traditional farmer 0.044
Inconsistency Rate 0.09
Source: Research results Table 5. Relative weight of sub-criteria of health criteria for the production of transgenic plants
Criteria Weight
Human health 0.509
Promoting nutritional value 0.251
Promoting environmental health 0.171
Reduce food toxicity 0.069
Inconsistency Rate 0.06
Source: Research results Table 6. Relative weight of sub-criteria of management-policy criteria for the production of transgenic plants
Criteria Weight
Expanding research centers 0.545
Aligning the programs of relevant institutions 0.241
Create strong management programs and systems 0.108
Awareness and support of farmers 0.066
Rules and policy barriers 0.066
Inconsistency Rate 0.08
Source: Research results The results showed that health criteria is most important in the production of these plants, and environmental, economic, managerial, policy and social criteria are in the top priority for experts, respectively. Among the health sub-criteria, improving human health and promoting nutritional value are the most important alternatives in terms of experts. The prioritization of environmental criteria has shown that the health of plants and the environment and the reduction the use of pesticides and fertilizers are the top priority. The results of the prioritization of the economic sub-criteria indicate that the increase of yield and increase of productivity have the highest priority in terms of experts. Also, the results showed that the expansion of research centers and aligning the programs of relevant institutions are among the most important management-policy options. Based on the results of the social criteria prioritization, helping to eliminate malnutrition and reducing food prices were the highest priority in terms of experts. Therefore, we can recommend that research and investment in the field of production of these plants primarily lead to health and then to the environment and other aspects of the other.

Forest roads network in forestry plans have main and basic role in the forest management, conservation and recovery. In this research the ability of GIS and AHP in production of road-use map in Dallak kheil forest of Sari with an area of 1521.89 hectare (without villages in study area) was investigated.
In this study, for finding a suitable method for optimal routing forest roads and finding environmentally optimal variant of GIS and AHP technique was used. According to effective factors on road planning such as slope, slop direction, soil, geology, stock growth per hectare, hydrology, landscape and conserved species, a questionnaire was provided and then the idea of the experts about forest road planning and relative importance of factors was collected. The factors were weighted in Expert choice (EC) software via pair wise method.Then based on weights, the maps of mentioned factors were overlaid and land capability map with four classes of most unsuitable, unsuitable, suitable and most suitable was produced. Different variants of forest road were designed on land capability map using Arc GIS 9.3 software and divider method. Finally, the status of designed road network and existing road was compared using Backmund and nearest route method.
Findings: Analysis of effective factors in the design based on the road design profesionals and forest roads, showed that standard slope with 0.254 relative weight, have the highest points and the outlook with relative weight 0.052 has the lowest points.
Discussion and The result of the comparsion betwwen the existing network with five new variants in terms of environmental considerations indicated that the second variant is the best variant due to the passing of the most sutibel areas (19.7%) and unsutibel (21.5%) in compared to the existing road and other variants. Also The second variant whit 62/72 cover persentage in compared to other variants and existing roads in terms of environmental performance were selected as variants better. The Chi square test was used to compare the most suitable variant with existing road. Results showed that the designed road network was significantly better than that of existing road, regarding pass from suitable area.

Appropriate location plays a significant role for a plant to remain competitive in the market. It should be chosen in a way that the strategical advantage over rival plants is achievable. This paper aims to select an optimum site for a mill producing fluting paper from agricultural residue using hierarchical analysis process.
After the necessary studies, the factors affecting site selection for fluting paper mill in Mazandaran province were identified, and criteria and sub-criteria hierarchy was designed based on profit and loss. Finally, weight value of each of them was determined through Expert Choice software using questionnaires and date analysis. Final priority ranking of the alternatives was performed based on the ratio of benefits to cost (B/C) to choose the best alternative from eastern, western and central parts of Mazandaran.
Findings: Results showed that material and production, economic and infrastructure were respectively the best criteria. Moreover, the sub-criteria related to raw material were found to be the most effective factor.
The results indicate the highest ratio of benefits to costs for the eastern part of Mazandaran which is, as a result, the best location for establishing a mill producing fluting paper from agricultural residues in the province.

One of the main issues before the design and construction of any wastewater treatment plant is the selection of the optimal wastewater treatment process, since the wrong choice can have considerable effect in increasing expense, and also led to unattainable and undesired result.
The current study used the Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) model to determine the effective criteria in the selection of the appropriate wastewater treatment process, are developing in cities such as Ardebil, Tabriz, and Uremia in order to prioritize and choose the most appropriate treatment process. In such cities the treatment process involved: Aerated Lagoon, Activated sludge, and Biolak. Based on the technical, economic and environmental criteria and related sub-criteria, the processes are weighted through pair wise comparison and the results obtained are assessed using the Expert Choice software.
Findings: Finally, Biolak was selected as the optimal process and Activated Sludge and Aerated Lagoon were respectively placed in the next priorities. Sensitivity Analysis is performed on the major factors to investigate the sensitivity of the alternatives in order to apply changes in the priorities of the criteria.

One of the most important measures to protect wildlife in each area, is the existence of enough food and water in it. According to specific importance of Persian gazelle (Gazella Subgutturosa Subgutturosa) in the west of Iran, especially in Qaraviz no hunting area and presence of livestock of nomads and villagers and also importance of water and its distribution as a one of vital sources of habitat for wilderness and desert species, this study seeks to find suitable areas to establish trough for this species. So criteria of distance from roads, slope classes, distance from the village, Gazella density, distance from waterways, land use and distance from the predaceous and distance from livestock are considered. Then by using GIS analysis functions, the entire range was zoned for each of the specified criteria. To obtain the importance of each criterion, analytic hierarchy process (AHP) was used. The final map was obtained by combining of maps and removing unsuitable areas and it was divided to five categories very appropriate potential, appropriate potential, relatively appropriate potential, inappropriate potential and limitations layer for construction. The results of this method were investigated by using ground controllers which indicated suitable areas for construction exist in the central, west and southwest parts of region and in adjacent with Iraq country.