جستجوی مقالات مرتبط با کلیدواژه "breeding" در نشریات گروه "کشاورزی"

In order to improve commercial grapevines cutivars, we should be looking for ways to obtain more and better quality products per unit area by planting a certain number of plants. To achieve this goal, it is necessary to have healthy, pest and disease-resistant clones with high-quality fruits and high performance, which is possible through colonal selection. In order to investigate the yield and other quantitative and qualitative traits of superior clones of Rasha free from the grapevine virus, this study was carried out in the form of RCBD in Kahriz horticultural research station in 2014. The results showed that there was a significant difference between the clones in terms of yield and several quantitative and qualitative fruit traits. The highest fruit yield per vine (14484 kg), the highest weight of cluster (634 gr) and berry (3.3 gr) was obtained in Sheikh Haidar 7 clone. The phenological stages were different among the investigated clones. The buds of Kanibid 3 clone opened later than other clones in spring. Also, the fruits of Mirabad 8 clone ripened earlier than other clones.

The growth habit, abundant green foliage, and distinctive fragrant inflorescences of E. hypericifolia make it an excellent choice as an ornamental plant. One of the initial steps in introducing native plants to urban green spaces involves studying their propagation methods. In this study, E. hypericifolia was assessed to determine its suitability as a new ornamental species for the landscape of Ahvaz city. Various ornamental criteria and dormancy treatments were examined. The results indicated that E. hypericifolia possesses the necessary characteristics for urban green space utilization. In this research, the indicators such as the flower color, leaf shape and color, vegetative and reproductive organ beauty, flowering time, length of flowering period, plant height, degree of desirability of plant density, and cleanliness were highly favorable and aesthetically significant based on the results derived from the outcomes of the survey carried out by the specialists. This particular plant possesses the potential to be utilized in the creation of a winter and autumn urban landscape, contribute to green belts and urban forests, and be cultivated in forest parks. Additionally, the research revealed that heat treatment at 70 degrees Celsius for 5 minutes did not positively impact germination traits. Conversely, chemical and physical scarification treatments increased germination rates by 50% compared to the control and other methods.

Licorice is a perennial herbaceous plant belonging to the Fabaceae family which possesses several medicinal properties, such as antioxidant, antimicrobial, antiviral, anti-inflammatory, and anticoagulant properties. It is an invaluable and strategic plant in Iran, and Iran is one of the major exporters of licorice roots.
In this study, the diversity of phytochemical traits, among different Iranian licorice landraces cultivated in field conditions, was investigated. Rhizomes of different populations were collected from different regions of Iran in 2019 and were planted in a randomized complete block design with five replications in the medicinal plants collection of Shahid Beheshti University. The studied traits were glycyrrhizic acid, glabridin, liquiritigenin, liquiritin, rosmarinic acid, rutin, total phenol, total flavonoids content and antioxidant activity. The highest content of glycyrrhizic acid (155.17 mg/g dry weight) and glabridin (19.46 mg/g dry weight) were observed in Kazerun and Ilam population, respectively. The population of Yasuj had the highest amounts of liquiritin (5.32 mg/g dry weight) and liquiritigenin (12.16 mg/g dry weight). A positive and significant correlation was observed between glabridin and liquiritin content at 5% probability level, but it had a significant negative correlation with IC50 at 5% probability level. Based on the results of cluster analysis, 22 licorice populations divided into five main groups. Factor analysis showed that the first four factors explained 69.21% of the total variance. Overall, the findings of this study showed that the studied licorice populations had unique phytochemical properties that can be used in breeding programs, and also in the pharmaceutical industry.

In the realm of biotechnological enhancement of common beans, an imperative challenge lies in devising a reliable and effective in vitro regeneration strategy, given the inherent difficulty of regenerating this crop in laboratory settings. This research, aiming to address this challenge, leverages the power of Machine Learning (ML) models, specifically employing algorithms for Artificial Neural Networks (ANN). The primary objective is to establish an efficient and repeatable in vitro regeneration process while simultaneously optimizing and predicting future outcomes. The study incorporates various variables such as bean genotype, explants, and different doses of 6-benzylaminopurine (BAP) and CuSO4. A Recurrent Regression Neural Network (RRNN) is employed to model and anticipate the results of in vitro crop regeneration, specifically focusing on common beans. The experimental setup involves preconditioning common bean embryos with 10, 15, and 20 mg/L BAP for 25 days, followed by growth in a post-treatment environment comprising 0.3, 0.6, 0.9, and 1.2 mg/L BAP for 7 weeks. Subsequently, the plumular apice is isolated for in vitro regeneration. Notably, the RRNN model is also integrated with a Genetic Algorithm (GA) to optimize the regeneration process further. The results are compelling, with RRNN exhibiting the lowest Mean Squared Error (MSE) of 0.061, signifying superior predictive accuracy in total regeneration. In comparison, Support Vector Regression (SVR), Random Forest (RF), and Extreme Gradient Boosting (XGB) models exhibit higher MSE values of 0.081, 0.081, and 0.097, respectively. These findings underscore the efficacy of the RRNN algorithm, outperforming other models across all parameters. The superior performance of RRNN suggests its potential application in making precise predictions regarding common bean regeneration. In the context of a common bean breeding program, these outcomes can be harnessed to optimize and predict plant tissue culture methods, thereby enhancing biotechnological techniques employed in the cultivation of common beans. The integration of ML models, particularly RRNN, stands as a promising avenue for advancing crop regeneration strategies and contributing to the efficiency of biotechnological interventions in agriculture.

This study aimed to compare reproductive indices of broodstocks between and within (control and selected treatments) four different populations common carp of Hungarian-originated (TATA), North Iran, China-originated (RAN), and South Iran (Khuzestan). Control and selected treatments in each population comprised the average of the broodstock population and those chosen deliberately from 30% above the population mean (apart from shooter fish with excessive growth and out of the normal range), respectively, to calculate the genetic progress. Male and female reproductive indices were checked respectively by evaluating sperm quality (spermatocrit, sperm density per milliliter, percentage of motile sperm, and motility duration) and measuring working and relative fecundity, ovum and hydrated egg diameter, fertilization rate, hatching rate, the larval survival rate, and larval size after hatching. The results showed that, despite the high fecundity in the South Iran population, it has the lowest egg diameter and larval survival rate (p<0.05). Although the China-originated (control and selected treatments) population had the lowest sperm volume, sperm density per milliliter, and percentage of spermatocrit among different populations, the selected-treatment had the highest motile sperm percentage and the motility duration, which resulted in the most elevated fertilization rate belonging to it (p<0.05). The highest survival rate 24 hours post-hatching was observed in China-originated (control and selected) and North Iran-control, and the lowest in TATA (control and selected), North Iran-selected, and South Iran populations (p<0.05). China-originated control population gained the highest larval survival rate 72 hours after hatching. Although it did not differ significantly with the North Iran (control and selected) and TATA-control (p>0.05) populations, it has meaningful difference with the South Iran, TATA-selected, and China-originated-selected (p<0.05). The larval size in TATA-selected, North Iran-control, and South Iran is significantly smaller than other populations (p<0.05). There is no considerable difference in larval length size of the North Iran population between the control and the selected treatments, but it is significantly more in control than selected treatments in the China-originated and TATA populations. This finding illustrated that the selective breeding of broodstocks did not affect the reproductive indices within populations and the larval survival rate in F1. However, it improved the larval size. China-originated and North Iran populations performed satisfactorily in male and female reproductive indices, respectively, and it is worth bringing into mind hybridization between the two populations in future studies.

Selective honey bee breeding is a phenomenon that fascinates beekeepers around the world. They often regard it as one of the most enigmatic and complex aspects of beekeeping. Indeed, according to our experiences participating in many international projects, both beekeepers and bee experts without a background in plant or animal breeding often have trouble correctly interpreting and conceptually visualizing the breeding process. These difficulties arise partly because of the complex reproductive biology of honey bees, where queens mate with a multitude of drones. Fundamentally the greatest struggle for people to understand is how selection of animals with preferred characteristics in one generation leads to improved progeny in the next. The leading misconception regarding honey bee breeding is confusing breeding with the simple rearing and multiplication of queens, where individual queens are evaluated predominantly by their egg laying ability and body size. Those two markers of queen quality (fecundity and size) are certainly important for the propagation of queens, but selective breeding requires more than propagation. Selectivebreeding implies the intentional selection for genetic improvement of the population as a whole, with every new generation improved compared to the previous one, ideally for all traits of interest.

Coriander is one of the important medicinal plants in the world which has been used widely in medicinal, cosmetic and health care industries.

In order to investigate the genetic diversity of this plant in Iran, 20 Coriander populations were collected from different parts of the country and evaluated out using randomized complete block design with three replications in Karaj Vegetable Research Center of Horticultural Sciences Research Institute in 2018-2019 and 2019-2020 crop years. During the growth period, the phenological, morphological and physiological characteristics were recorded. Days to generation, Largest basal leaf length, Basal leaf number, Days to full flowering, Days to Maturity, Plant height, Umbel number per plant, Fertile umbel number per plant, Unfertile umbel number per plant, Umbellate number per umbel, Seed number per umbel, thousand seed weight, Grain yeild per plant, Biomass per plant, Harvest index per plant, Grain yield, Biomass and Harvest index traits were investigated. Data were analyzed using SAS and SPSS software and for Grouping of the population, the cluster analysis was performed by Ward’s method and factor analysis was done using the Variomax rotation method.

According to the results of analysis of variance, there were significant differences between the studied populations in terms of most traits include the largest basal leaf length, basal leaf number, plant height, umbel number per plant, fertile umbel number per plant, unfertile umbel number per plant, umbellate number per umbel, grain number per umbel, 1000-seed weight, seed weight per plant, biomass per plant, harvest index per plant, grain yield, biomass and harvest index. Phenotypic and genotypic coefficients of variation were high for most of the traits which indicated the high diversity of these traits in the studied populations. The heritability in broad-sense of the traits largest basal leaf length, basal leaf number, plant height, umbel number per plant, fertile umbel number per plant, umbellate number per umbel, seed number per umbel, 1000-seed weight, seed weight per plant, biomass per plant, harvest index per plant, grain yield, biomass and harvest index were high, which makes the response to the selection of these traits expected in breeding programs. Cluster analysis classified 20 studied populations into five groups.

According to the results, the Kermanshah population had the highest grain yield in two years. The higher yield of this populaion was due to having the highest number of umbels per plant, number of fertile umbels, number of umbels per umbel and weight of 1000 seeds. Also, the traits of the length of the longest basal leaf, the number of basal leaves, the number of umbels per plant, the number of fertile umbels per plant, the number of umbels per umbel, the number of seeds per umbel, the weight of 1000 seeds, the yield of seeds per plant, the biomass of a single plant, the harvest index of a single plant, seed yield, biomass and harvest index had high heritability, which indicates the high role of genetic factors and the low influence of environmental factors on the control of these traits.

In order to select suitable parents for breeding purposes, one must have sufficient knowledge of genetic diversity and germplasm classification. It was for this reason that a study was conducted in 2019 at the Seed and Plant Research Institute in Karaj in order to identify and classify 17 eggplant genotypes based on the randomized complete block design. This stud measured 19 morphological traits such as number of days to flowering, plant height, number of stems per plant, number of nodes, and internodes, weight, and fruit yield as well as total phenol content, total anthocyanin content and glico-aldeid solasonin. The results of the analysis of variance revealed a significant difference for all the traits (p≤0.01). The range of variation showed great genetic diversity among cultivars, which can be useful for different breeding purposes, lower plant height to prevent dormancy. Greater number of stems and flowers are important to achieve higher yield, wherein 13321 genotypes showed lower height among genotypes. Cluster analysis classified the studied genotypes into three groups, and separated white eggplants from colored ones correctly. The PCA also confirmed the results of cluster analysis, showing that the color eggplants had more fruit yield, lower levels of solasonine, and lower days to maturity than white eggplants. However, the color eggplants that were used in this research were breeding cultivars; therefore, the use of breeding methods would be important to improve the quality and quantitative of eggplant genotypes.

With the advancement of human knowledge and the emergence of a new technology called the Internet of Things, a great revolution has occurred in all fields. The agricultural industry did not stay away from this phenomenon and new technologies emerged in this field as techno-agriculture. Horticultural science as one of the sub-sectors of the agricultural sector has also been greatly affected by the advancement of technology. The most important new technologies that have been effective in the horticulture industry are the development of sensors, robots and drones, new post-harvest and packaging technologies, biotechnology and breeding, nuclear energy, nanotechnology, vertical flower-growing technology and anti-hail systems. In this article, after the description of these technologies, their pathology as well as the status of new technologies in the horticulture industry of Iran will be discussed, and finally, suggestions for the extension of new technologies in the horticulture industry will be presented.

Ornamental fish is one of the most important industries in the aquaculture industry, which has international reputation compared to other aquatics. Breeding of ornamental fish has been successful in terms of using internal resources, high profitability, low investment, relative simplicity of production technology, and the possibility of spreading innovation and participation of young people for direct and indirect employment generation. Polypterus fish which is known as Azarakhsh fish in Iran, is one of our prehistoric fish whose history goes back to more than 200 million years ago. In addition to water breathing, this fish has air breathing and is resistant to many diseases and unfavorable environmental conditions. The birthplace of this fish is Africa and the catchment areas of the Nile River, Senegal, Niger, and other countries. The weight of this fish is reported to be about two hundred grams. In nature, these fish use insects, small fish, crustaceans, frog larvae and some molluscs, although some polypterous species are insectivorous and their lifespan reaches 34 years. Although it is very difficult to reproduce polypterus fish inside the aquarium, it can be done using techniques. The best age for polypterus fish reproduction is over 7 years and 30 cm long, otherwise these fish will not spawn. In order to stimulate the spawning of these fishes, it is necessary that the place of the aquarium is quite large and covered with hiding places.

Wheat stem rust, caused by Puccinia graminis f.sp. tritici, which has caused heavy damage to wheat in the past, is a potential threat to the production of this crop. Considering the history of this disease in the south warm agro-climate zone of Iran and the possibility of the disease epidemics if the environmental conditions are provided, the examination of wheat cultivars and breeding lines to stem rust is a part of the south warm wheat breeding program at Cereal Research Department, Seed and Plant Improvement Institute (SPII). In this way, it is tried to increase the resistance of wheat cultivars that are going to be introduced in this zone.

The present study was carried out to determine the reaction of 56 elite wheat lines of the south warm breeding program including 28 lines obtained from the program in 2015 (named ERWYT-S-94) and 28 other lines from 2016 (named ERWYT-S-95) to stem rust at seedling and adult-plant stages. Investigating the seedling stage resistance was carried out by determining the reaction of experimental lines to three common races of Kelardasht, Mazandaran, and one Ug99 race collected from Shavour, Khouzestan in the greenhouse in Karaj. Investigating the adult-plant resistance was carried out under artificial inoculations in the field in Kelardasht during two cropping years of 2015-16 and 2016-2017 for the ERWYT-S-94 materials and two cropping years of 2016-2017 and 2017-2018 for the ERWYT-S-95 materials.

Based on the results of the present study, the line S-94-25, being resistant to four races of P. graminis f.sp. tritici at seedling stage, showed high resistance to stem rust at adult-plant stage so that the maximum disease rate of 20MR was observed for this line during the two years of experiment. The line S-94-16 also showed high resistance against two races of Kelardasht at seedling stage, and the disease rate at adult-plant stage was a maximum of 20MR. In addition, the line S-94-22 having resistance to three races from Kelardasht and the line S-94-27 with resistance against two races from Kelardasht and the race collected from Shavour at seedling stage, were less susceptible to the disease at adult-plant stage with a maximum disease rate of 30MS. Furthermore, the line S-95-22 with resistance to two races of Kelardasht and the Shavor race and the line S-95-12 with resistance to one race of Kelardasht and the Shavour race at seedling stage, showed less susceptibility to the disease at adult-plant stage with the maximum disease of 40MRMS. Due to importance of wheat stem rust in the south warm agro-climate zone, it is necessary to transfer disease resistance genes to new wheat lines and introduce disease resistant cultivars in this climate.

This study aimed to investigate the genetic parameters of ten Cucurbita pepo L. hybrid cultivars, including seven foreign hybrid cultivars (F1 Shiraz, F1 Khaleej, F1 Samar, F1 Roham, F1 Daphne, F1 Asma and F1 Oto) and three domestic hybrid cultivars (F1 Peronesh, F1 BL and F1 CL) in the form of a randomized complete block design with 3 replications at the Pest Investigation Research Station and the Shahid Fozveh Research Station of Isfahan, central Iran, in 2019. The bed preparation operation was done and the seeds were sown in the mid-June. The results showed that the highest fruits/plant was observed in CL and Shiraz genotypes and the highest yield/plant in four harvests was observed in Peronesh genotype. Roham and Otto genotypes showed the lowest total yield/plant. BL genotype showed the highest mean fruit diameter in four harvests and the highest fruit weight of the seed sample. The highest seed weight was obtained in Shiraz and Asma genotypes and the highest seed-to-fruit weight ratio was obtained in Samar genotype. BL, Asma and Shiraz genotypes showed the highest seed dry weight. The highest seed length and the highest dry weight of 100 seeds were observed in Peronesh and BL genotypes. A positive and significant correlation was also observed between some traits. Among the investigated genotypes, Peronesh and BL genotypes outranked the other genotypes in most of the traits. Also, Shiraz genotype had a significant advantage in some seed traits compared to other genotypes. According to the presented results, different genotypes of the pumpkin plant were significantly different from each other in terms of various traits, indicating that the ground is prepared to employ these resources for improving the yield of this plant species.

In order to evaluate and compare 15 different hybrid genotypes of greenhouse tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L) in Gorgan, Golestan, north of Iran, an experiment was carried out in randomized complete block design with 3 replications at two Golestan province greenhouses (greenhouse of Gorgan Agricultural and Natural Resources Research and Education Center and a private greenhouse in Gorgan).  Investigated traits were fruit yield per plant, number of fruits per plant, number of fruits per cluster, average fruit weight, fruit diameter, fruit height, stem length, total soluble solids, pH, pericarp thickness, total phenolics content and flavonoids content. Statistical analyses were suggestive of significant difference in all of the studied traits between different genotypes in both greenhouse experiments. In both of the greenhouse experiments, the highest fruit yield per plant was observed in 4129, Omagna, and then Izmono, 10161, Hirad and Sakhia genotypes. Dafnis and Hiva cultivars were intermediate in terms of fruit yield compared to other genotypes. In traits such as fruit number, fruit weight, fruit size, plant height, pericarp thickness, total soluble solids, pH, phenolics content and flavonoids great differences were observed between the studied genotypes. Positive correlations of fruit yield with number of fruits per plant, mean fruit weight and fruit diameter traits were observed in both greenhouse experiments. Therefore, selecting based on the latter three attributes may improve fruit yield of tomato in seed and variety breeding programs.

Although aquaculture is the fastest sector in terms of animal protein production in the world, breeding programs in aquatic species have been delayed compared to livestock and plants. Breeding improvement programs in aquaculture mainly based on using of phenotypic and pedigree information in quantitative genetics. However, the approaches based on genomic information such as marker assistant selection (MAS) and genomic selection (GS) have been used to improve economic traits in recent years. The aim of the present paper is to investigate the breeding principles in aquaculture from phenotypic selection to genomic selection, their advantages and limitations and recent advances in different aquatic species. 

Genomic selection increases genetic gain in aquaculture through increasing accuracy of selection, decreasing generation interval, decreasing inbreeding rate, better control of genetic and environment interactions and selection of animals with less sensitivity to environmental variation. Especially, genomic selection is suitable for difficult-to-measure or low heritability traits such as disease resistant, feed intake, reproduction traits and carcass quality. Reference population size, marker density, mating design, number and size of families and number of generations are effective factors in the accuracy of genomic selection in aquaculture. Continuous advances in cost-effective technologies for genotyping especially genotyping-by-sequencing (GBS) and bioinformatics will facilitate faster application of genomic selection in aquaculture.

Although genomic selection has been used for about 20 aquatic species in recent years and has provided opportunities to improvement of genetic gain, however the advantages of this method should be evaluated in commercial and economic aquatic breeding programs. It is excepted that genomic selection will be widely used in aquatic breeding in the future and pave the way for the sustainable development of this industry.

Introduction:

Genetic diversity is one of the major goals of plant breeding. Mutation induction is a method to increase genetic variety that is used in plant breeding along with selection, recombination or a combination of the both. Rosa persica Michx can serve as a valuable genetic resource for breeding programs, especially due to the market demand for variety in rose cultivars as well as its drought resistance.  In two independent experiments, this study examined the effect of ethyl methane sulfonate (EMS) as a chemical mutagen on seed germination and seedling characteristics of Rosa persica. 

Materials and Methods:

 The seeds of Rosa persica Mich.seeds were collected from an adult shrub on the Arak University campus, Karbala St., Sardasht (34° N, 49.6° E) and an altitude of 1872 m above sea level during mid-summer. The seeds were separated from the hips by a sharp scalpel and the damaged and abnormal seeds were removed. Before applying the cold stratification, the seeds were washed for several hours and then placed in layers of wet sand at 4 ° C for 60 days.First, the effects of 0, 0.2, and 0.3% EMS at 4, 8 and 12 hours on seed germination characteristics were examined. Second, 0, 0.2, and 0.3 concentrations of EMS at 4 and 8 hours were studied on reproductive buds. Seed germination characteristics such as final germination percentage, germination rate index, coefficient velocity germination, germination rate, mean daily germination, daily germination speed, mean germination rate, germination index, seed vigor, seed dormancy and seedling vegetative traits such as stem lengths, root lengths, and leaf number are evaluated at first experiment. In second experiment, flower diameter, flower opening rate, number of necrotic buds and the number of seeds in each hip were measured. 

Results and Discussion:

The results showed that increasing the concentration of EMS and the time of seed treatment caused a further decrease in germination indices. In 0.3% EMS treatment for 8 hours on seeds, traits such as germination percentage, germination rate index and daily germination were reduced to zero. According to the results of the second experiment, leaf and seedling lengths were longer at 0.2 and 0.3% EMS concentrations and at 4 h incubation. There was a decline in the number of seeds per hip and an increase in necrotic buds with increasing concentration and time of EMS application. In order to succeed in a breeding program using mutagenic methods, the appropriate concentration and time must first be optimized. To determine the best concentration of mutagens, there are two important factors to consider: first, that the concentration should not be so high as to destroy plants, and second, that the applied concentration should be selected moderately. Although, that the frequency of mutations occurs sufficiently. 

Conclusion:

In order to induce a positive mutation and diversity in Iranian roses for the purpose of introducing a new cultivar, seed treatment with a concentration of 0.3% EMS and an incubation time of 4 h is recommended. It is also recommended to apply a concentration of 0.2% EMS on the reproductive buds for 4 h to induce mutations. Keywords: Seed, breeding, germination, mutation, ornamental plant

The rapid development of fish farming and the increasing demand for fish have led to the dense cultivation of fish, which in turn has caused stressors for fish and thus increased the risk of disease. until now, the use of chemicals has been widely used for prevention and treatment, however, the use of chemical drugs has several negative effects on the environment (creation of resistant strains of bacteria) and human health (accumulation in tissues). medicinal plant compounds are readily available, especially for small-scale fish farmers, they are easy to use, nature friendly and degradable. since there has been a lot of attention recently to the use of plant compounds as a substitute for chemical hormones, therefore, in this article, the use of medicinal plants in sex reassignment, reproduction and breeding of different species of fish is mentioned. in this study, the library method has been used.