جستجوی مقالات مرتبط با کلیدواژه « farmers » در نشریات گروه « کشاورزی »

The present research was conducted with the aim of applying the theory of planned behavior in investigating the intention of farmers to use pressurized irrigation system. To achieve the goal of the research, the descriptive-correlation method based on the structural equation model was used. The statistical population included farmers in the central part of Baghmolek county (N=3005). The sample size was 343 people using Morgan's table and sampling was also done in a stratified method with proportional allocation. The instrument of data collection was a questionnaire, the validity of which was based on the opinion of the university faculty members and its reliability was through Cronbach's alpha, also, in order to determine the validity of the structure, the average variance extracted index (AVE) was also confirmed in determining the reliability of the model from the composite reliability index (CR), the homogeneity reliability index (Rho). The results of the structural equation model showed that the variables of attitude, subjective norms and perceived behavioral control predicted 76% of the changes in the variable of intention to use pressurized irrigation system. According to the findings of the structural equation analysis, the variable of knowledge predicted 87% of the changes of the variable of attitude towards the acceptance of pressure irrigation system. Since there is a significant relationship between the research constructs and the farmers' behavioral inclination towards using the pressure irrigation system.

The present study was conducted with the aim of investigating the effect of altruistic and Egoistic values on the attitude and intention of farmers in Kermanshah province to adapt to water shortage. In order to select farmers, a multi-stage cluster sampling method was used (n=380). The data was collected from the wheat farmers of Kermanshah province through a researcher-made questionnaire. The reliability and validity of the questionnaire was tested and confirmed. The conceptual model was analyzed using partial least squares structural equation modeling (PLS-SEM). The results showed that the variable of altruistic values had a positive and significant effect on the variables of attitude and intention to adapt, and the variable of egoistic values had a negative and significant effect on the variables of attitude and intention to adapt. Also, the attitude variable towards adapting to water scarcity had a positive and significant effect on the intention to adapt. In the present study, 39% of the variance of the attitude variable and 50.1% of the variance of the intention to adapt to water scarcity were explained.

A lack of adaptive capacities for climate change prevents poor farmers from diversifying agricultural production. Climate change adaptation strategies can reduce the production risk relating to unforeseen climatic shocks and increase farmers’ food, income, and livelihood security. This paper investigates date palm farmers’ adaptive capacities to adapt climate change strategies to reduce the date production risk. The study collected 300 farm-level micro-data of date palm farmers with the direct cooperation. The survey was conducted during periods between July and September of 2022. Date palm farmers’ adaptive capacities were estimated quantitatively by categorizing the farmers as high, moderate, and low-level adapters to climate change adaptation strategies. In this study, a Cobb–Douglas production function was used to measure the effects of farmers’ adaptive capacities on date production. The obtained results show that farmers are moderately adaptive in terms of adaptation strategies on climate change and the degree of adaptation capacities. Agronomic practices such as the quantity of fertilizer used, the amount of labor, the farm’s size, and extension contacts have a substantial impact on date production. This study recommends that a farmer more significantly adjusts to adaptation strategies on climate change to reduce date production. These strategies will help farmers to reduce the risk and produce higher quality date fruit. Consequently, date palm farmers should facilitate better extension services and change the present agronomic practice to attain a higher adaptation status. It can be very clearly seen that low adaptability results in lower date yields

The statistical population of this study includes all operators of irrigation and drainage network of Golfaraj plain of Jolfa city with 1417 operators who were calculated through Cochran's formula and 302 operators were selected through stratified sampling and proportional assignment.The data collection tool at this stage was a questionnaire.In order to calculate its reliability, 30 questionnaires were completed and Cronbach's alpha value was 0.84, which indicates the acceptable reliability of the questionnaire.The results showed that there was a positive and significant relationship between farmers' environmental behavior and agricultural history, number of household members, amount of irrigated land, agricultural income, attitude, convergence, perceived behavioral control and intention at the level of one percent. The results of multiple regression also showed that the factors of attitude, intention, convergence and perceived behavioral control explain about 65% of the changes in the dependent variable.The results show that the factors affecting the environmental behavior of farmers are intention, environmental attitude, perceived behavioral control and convergence.Therefore, providing effective conditions and facilities for behavior, such as preparing and compiling environmental education packages to empower farmers, making TV programs to get acquainted with environmental problems, and developing supportive policies related to environmental protection. Delegating authority to local communities by creating and strengthening local organizations and institutions active in the field of agriculture and the environment improves farmers' participation in environmental issues and can provide a more appropriate platform for environmental behavior of farmers. Provide.

The purpose of this study was to investigate the extension methods about combating the drought in agricultural sector from the view points of the agricultural experts and farmers in Hamedan. The research was an applied research on the basis of the purpose, and it was a surveying study in terms of data gathering. Data were gathered through a questionnaire tool. The study population included both 8443 farmers and 135 agricultural experts from Hamedan County in 2020. Of those 367 farmers and 100 agricultural experts were selected by using Cochran's formula respectively. Validity of the questionnaire (face validity) was confirmed by the agricultural extension professors from Bu-Ali Sina University. To evaluate the reliability of the research instrument, Cronbach's alpha was used during a pre-test and it was 0.94 for the research' questions (extension education methods). The results showed that the most important extension methods to control drought which agreed with both farmers and experts were: training by local leaders, visiting demonstration farms, use advisory services. The results also showed that according to factor analysis of the farmers' views, extension methods to combat drought can be summarized in 4 groups including: extension and advisory services, transfer information by local communities, people and magazines, training with local leaders and councils, watching extension films and visiting extension agents. According to factor analysis of the experts' views, extension methods to combat drought can be summarized in 4 categories, which are: visit tours, using extension publications, using information networks, using cooperatives, village municipality and councils' capacities.

Due to the adverse effects of conventional agriculture on human health and the environment, there has been a lot of emphasis at the global and national level to move towards sustainable agriculture. Knowing the attitudinal and behavioral status of farmers, as agents of this policy, is very important. In this descriptive-correlational research, the attitudes and behavior of farmers regarding sustainable agriculture were studied with an emphasis on plant conservation. Using multi-stage random sampling method and Cochran's formula, 300 farmers of Arak city were selected and studied. The validity of the research tool was confirmed by using the opinions of experts, and its reliability was also obtained by conducting a preliminary study and calculating Cronbach's alpha greater than 0.86 for composite indicators. The results showed that 86% of farmers had a neutral attitude and only 14% had a favorable attitude regarding sustainable agriculture. The correlation coefficient showed that farmers' behavior has a positive and significant relationship with the variables of attitude towards sustainability, level of education, area of rainfed agricultural land, area of integrated agricultural land, level of interest in integration, contact with agricultural experts, contact with agricultural machinery sales centers, visit to Extension farms, use of radio, neighboring farmers in the village and a negative and significant relationship with farmers' monthly income. Regression analysis also showed that Six variables including attitude, agricultural land area, monthly income, education level, receiving information from input sellers and interest in integrating farms explain 33.9% of the variance of farmers' behavior regarding sustainability.

By producing of healthy and organic agricultural products could be help the sustainability of the ecosystem and the health of society, but this bitter truth should be also accepted that organic and healthy farmers has been confronted with many obstacles for this production. Therefore, identifying the production of healthy and organic agricultural products deterrent barriers and its facilitating factors from farmers’ perspective is very important. The current qualitative research was conducted using the content analysis method to achieve this purpose. In this study, in order to collect data, in-depth and semi-structured interviews were conducted with 11 farmers in the area of healthy and organic production, and statistical samples were selected in a purposeful way and continued until the theoretical saturation point was reached. Instrument data collection were semi-structured and in-depth interviews with farmers who had the experience of organic agricultural or were a healthy product producer (n=11). Then Data collected were analyzed using MAXQDA Analytics Pro 2020 software. These Data were organized in three stages of open coding, categorization and abstraction. To evaluate the validity and reliability of this qualitative study, four criteria of Credibility, Transferability, Dependability and Confirm ability were used. The results showed that 55 percent of farmers with a healthy production certificate were men and 45 percent were women. Regarding the current situation of production in the province, 25 initial codes were identified in four main categories. The results of the analysis of interviews with farmers regarding deterrents showed that 57 initial codes identified in seven categories: economic and market, government-supportive, attitude-cultural, natural, productive and technical, research and development and education, legal and individual-professional were summarized. Also, 16 initial output codes related to promotional factors were extracted. According to the results of the research, it is suggested that the direction of the government's agricultural policies should be directed towards the environmental and social goals of producing healthy and organic products.

The purpose of this study is to introduce the most important challenges in advancing agricultural development in Guilan province. For this purpose, hierarchical analysis process was used to identify and rank the challenges of the agricultural sector of Guilan province. In this regard, six effective criteria along with 21 sub-criteria were considered. To determine the weight of criteria and sub-criteria, questionnaires based on pairwise comparisons were prepared and experts from Ministry of Agriculture Jihad of Guilan province were questioned to complete the questionnaires and the Expert Choice software was used to perform the calculations. According to the results, criteria of managerial challenges (0.368), fragmentation of land (0.229), lack of conversion and complementary industries and specialized and skilled human labor (0.155), resource limitation and land use change (0.126), low level of mechanization in the agricultural sector (0.076) and single crop cultivation and uncontrolled import of agricultural products (0.047) were ranked, respectively. Also inadequate use of inadequate resources and investments (0.157), failure to use supportive and credit policies (0.121) and non-payment of subsidies as a percentage of premiums to all insurers equally and irresponsible view of government and insurers on agricultural insurance (0.085), are three important sub-criteria with respect to the maximum weight obtained.

Sustainable use of water resources is now the challenge of the century, especially in arid and semi-arid countries. The use of pressurized irrigation systems improves the water productivity of plants if used properly. This study was to assess the educational needs assessment of agriculturalists with pressurized irrigation system with water scarcity adaptation. The three-dimensional model of Kauffman, Corrigan, and Johnson, and the Delphi method were used for the educational needs assessment of agriculturalists. The findings showed that agriculturalists' knowledge and skills in terms of "agriculturalists", "experts" and "trainer" were 3.11±1.26, 2.26±0.76, and 2.24±0.81, respectively for farmers and 3.69±1.1, 2.31±0.75, and 2.45±0.87 (out of 5 points), respectively for horticulturists. Knowledge of agriculturalists in most educational needs, especially from the point of view of experts and trainers, is below average (score 3). The most important educational needs based on three perspectives were "determination of irrigation time with new tools and technologies", "specific irrigation mode for each crop" "adaptation of farm management with irrigation system type" for farmers, and "water loss reduction in irrigation ponds", "specific irrigation mode for each crop" and "how to operate pressurized irrigation systems" for horticulturists. The results of this study showed the priorities of defining the headings and training courses for agriculturalists with a pressurized irrigation system. The findings also showed that agriculturalists are aware of the importance and necessity of education and that for effective education future research should focus on identifying educational practices appropriate to the climate, cultural, and social conditions.

Agriculture as the main source of livelihood for rural residents of the developing countries is inherently sensitive to climate variability and change. Among different climatic events, drought is frequently identified as a major threat to agricultural. In order to reduce the negative impacts of drought on livelihoods, increasing the resilience of farmers is necessary. Improving the sustainable livelihoods of rural people has received growing attention during last decades and is one of the main goals of sustainable rural development. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to evaluate and analyze the resilience of farmers and provide livelihood strategies in the central part of Shazand County based on random sampling of 12 villages. The aforementioned villages to assess the resilience, the four dimensions of economic, social, and institutional infrastructure based environmental were used based on the sustainable livelihood framework, was used. The findings of the study showed that the farmers' resilience to drought conditions is in unsustainable economic and institutional dimensions and in the environmental and social indicators of a stable situation. The results of cluster analysis method, five livelihood strategies for compensating and resilient farmers against drought including the first strategy for deep-seated agriculture and increasing productivity, second, third and fourth strategies for diversification into non-agricultural and domestic activities and ultimately the strategy. Fifth, based on the desire to migrate, was identified and presented.

Focusing the value chain of products is one of the most important new approaches in agricultural development. Nevertheless, very a few researches related to the rice value chain across the country have been done , especially in the Mazandaran province, where it is considered as the most important producer of rice. Therefore, the main goal of this research was to the study of challenges of rice value chain from the view point of farmers. This is an applied research which needed data collected through systematic literature review and survey method. In qualitative part of research, inductive analysis method applied as a guide for data collection and analysis.  The target population consisted of active paddy farmers which 15 out of them purposefully selected as a sample. For data collection, field observations and in-depth interviews used in the framework of the focus group. The validity of the findings was also confirmed by the triangulation process. The research finding indicated that the region's rice value chain face many challenges in the pre-production, production and post-production process.

The main purpose of this study was factors affecting the improvement of technical knowledge of wheat farmers in relation to sustainable environmental operations. The statistical population of this study was consisted of all Khorramabad County were the central province in case study (N = 12500). Using Cochran's sampling formula, 240 of them were selected as a sample (N=240). The main instrument in this study was questionnaire which its validity was confirmed by the panel of experts and the reliability of it was also calculated by using a sequential alpha test and through software. Data were analyzed by SPSS18 software. The results of regression analysis showed Membership variables in Social capital, attitude towards sustainable environmental operations, level of education, number of extension calls and use of information resources have the greatest impact on improving the technical knowledge of antagonists. Also, the range of technical knowledge (cognitive, knowledge and skill) have a significant impact on the improvement of the sustainable environmental operations. So that they can predict 40% of variance of the dependent variable of the research (sustainable environmental operations).

Incorrect use of chemical fertilizers has had significant consequences on the quality of the environment as well as human welfare. Therefore, limiting its release may be achieved by improving fertilizer management. In this regard, farmers, as the main actors and decision makers in the agricultural sector, will have the task of limiting the use of nitrogen fertilizer and thereby reducing its effects. Therefore, understanding farmers' actions is essential to identify the types of policies that can effectively promote social and technological change. Because developing behavior and promoting the knowledge of environmentalists is an important issue for policymakers, advocates of green businesses and other stakeholders interested in adopting and enhancing environmental protection behavior. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to investigate the behavior of farmers in Ramshir region regarding nitrogen fertilizer application and its determinants factors. To achieve the research goal, two theories of normative activation and environmental behavior prediction were used. The data were collected through survey technique using a structured questionnaire. Validity of the questionnaire was confirmed by faculty members of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources University of Khuzestan. Reliability of questionnaire was confirmed by Cronbach's alpha test. The sampling method was based on systematic random sampling. Based on the Kerjesi and Morgan table, a sample of 200 farmers was selected among farmers who had received fertilizer from Ramshir Agricultural Jihad Management Organization in year 2018- 2019. The results of the study showed that in the normative activation theory, effectiveness, responsibility, awareness of consequences and subjective norms explain ethical norm variable and the behavior of farmers is significantly explained by the ethical norm variable. In the environmental behavior prediction theory, the variable of intentions was explained by awareness of action strategies and personality factors. Based on the results of the research, suggestions were presented to improve the implementation of the policies in order to better use nitrogen fertilizers.

Moghan irrigation network is also facing the problem of water losses similar to other projects. In recent years, more than 43,000 hectares of tertiary irrigation canals has been lined using precast concrete channels (Canalette). The main purposes of the project were; improving irrigation efficiency, increasing water use efficiency, reducing waiting period to get water, and preventing water loses. But the project due to weaknesses in various stages of design, construction, operation and maintenance were faced with numerous issues and problems. In this research, the performance of construction canalette in terms of conveyance efficiency and network operation and maintenance problems have been investigated.

To do this, 40 canalettes were chosen after various visits to the different projects area and reviewing the existing related documents. In order to calculate conveyance efficiency, the inflow and outflow values of the channels were measured. In order to estimate the waiting time for farmers to receive water, the time required for water to reach from the water dividing site to the field was measured. The amount of land losses in each project was determined according to the availability of information such as the length of the canalette and considering the average width of 2 meters for the canalette and also the specificity of the area covered by the projects. In addition, by taking photos, talking to farmers, water distributors and other relevant factors, exploitation and maintenance issues were investigated. Field observations from the study of technical and social issues, issues related to the operation and maintenance of the canalette network as well as the results of measurements were analyzed and then the necessary suggestions to improve the current situation are presented.

The average conveyance efficiency in the studied canalettes in the three studied projects, namely agro-industrial lands, return A canals and sub-A canal lands, respectively %89, %89.47 and %86.77, respectively. The results of the study of land losses in different projects showed that land losses in agro-industrial lands, which are segmentate in an integrated manner, are far less than farmers' lands (lands of return A canals and sub-A canal). The results of local visits regarding the issues and problems of maintenance and operation of canalettes are presented below.1) According to the visits and studies, the lack of complete sealing of the washers is one of the main problems of prefabricated canals. As a result of inadequate performance of the washers, unprincipled sealing performed by farmers in various ways, including the use of bitumen, concrete and plastic in the network was observed in large numbers. Investigation and research to solve this problem and improve existing channels and not to repeat this problem in future projects seems necessary.2) The climatic conditions of Moghan plain are such that weeds to grow in most of the soil canals and are widely seen in the network canals. Also, in canalettes, the growth of weeds around and along the canalette and sometimes even inside the canalette, creates problems in the process of water transfer and canalette life. In addition, the transfer of weed seeds from the canal to the fields by water causes damage to the fields.3) During the visits, several cases partial and total destruction at the network level were observed. Some of these cases were due to poor design and implementation of the canalette network and also lack of attention to the geotechnical conditions of the bed. However, most of the thematic demolitions have been done intentionally by the exploiters in order to dewatering of the network. The use of canalette siphons in irrigation sub-networks has been proposed as a simple and low-cost solution.

Based on the results, the average conveyance efficiency was found to be 89, 89.47 and 86.77 percents in three different studied areas that are agro-industrial lands, lands of return A canals and sub-A canal, respectively. Also, the waiting period of farmers and land losses were determined as 37 minutes in Km and 51.3 m2 per ha, respectively. Furthermore, inadequate performance seal washers, aquatic plant growth, damage of structures and intakes, improper operating, using overdesign rate of discharges, and other social and maintenances issues were found to be the problems in the operation of Moghan irrigation and drainage network