جستجوی مقالات مرتبط با کلیدواژه « forage production » در نشریات گروه « کشاورزی »

It is predicted that at least 10 million people will be hungry and malnourished in the world by the end of this century. To reduce the food insecurity, crop production will have to be doubled, and produced in more environmentally sustainable ways. This can be achieved by expanding the area of crop production, increasing per hectare yield and improving crop quality. Furthermore, during the second half of the past century, rise in per hectare crop productivity was due to improved or high yield potential. The productivity of plants are strongly influenced by environmental stresses. In the water scarcity condition, using deficit irrigation and appropriate cultivar are the most strategies to improve water productivity. A new generation of dry-tolerant forage varieties would allow for landscape development in stresses environments and where fresh water is limited or not available for irrigation. Hence, the present study was to design with the following

To determine yield and morphogical parameters of quinoa (Chenopodium quinoa Willd.) and forage sorghum) sorghum bicolor), verities at different levels of irrigation and plant densities.

A field experiment was conducted during 2015 and 2016 at Aghghala salinity station. The experiment was laid out in a randomized complete block design in form of factorial split plot factorial experiment and replicated four times. At this research effects of irrigation frequency at four levels (irrigation after 5, 10, 15 and 20 days), and plant density at three levels (11.1, 16.7 and 33.3 plants per m2) on quinoa (Santa Maria and Sajama Iranshahr) and verities of KFS3 and Speed feed sorghums were investigated. Sowing date was the time of soil temperature reaching to 12 °C and the harvesting date was the time of 5% flowering of each plot. For yield estimation, after removing borders, 6 m2 harvested. Data were analyzed using SAS. Treatment means were compared using LSD at the 95%probability level.

Results showed that, the difference in most treats between treatments was significant. Investigation of dry forage yield at irrigation treatment showed, irrigation every 5 days interval with dry yield of 6.01 ton ha-1 had the highest yield and yield components of dry forage. With increasing plant density and dicrasing irrigation frequency dry matter dicreased but this dicreasing mostly accurse at interaction affect of irrigation every 20 days interval and plant density of 333000 plant ha-1. Plant density of 11.12 plants per m2 with yield of 4.98 ton ha-1 had the highest yield. The suitable treatment was variety of Santa Maria at 11.1 plants per m2 with dry yield of 4.77 ton ha-1 had the highest dry yield and variety of Speedfeed sorghum at plant density of 33.3 plants per m2 with yield of 2.53 ton ha-1 had the less ranking.

In all, in order to high quantitative yield irrespective of variety, most frequently irrigation had higher yield than less and intermediate irrigation regime. Though, when comparing the four varieties, quinoa (Santa Maria variety (significantly with dry yield of 4.42 ton ha-1 produced higher dry forage yield. The present findings suggest that in semiarid environments (where saving water is important) it seems that incrasing irrigation frequency is effective for good stand establishment in the saline soils could be insured if proper management is applied in the farms.

Evaluating the ecological and economic potential is an effective step and a suitable tool to guide the current activities and uses in the land towards comprehensive management and sustainable rural development. Identifying and evaluating the potentials of each region is a guide for achieving development in sync with nature in rural areas dependent on nature. In this study, the economic value of forage production in Rangelands of ChaharBagh village of Golestan province was investigated.Typing the vegetation cover of the region by going to the desired area and field survey and also with the help of the topographical map of the region and also by using the plan to recognize the ecological regions of the country and based on the specified floristic-physionomic classification method and sampling of each plant type. It was done randomly and systematically.6 plant types were identified in the study area. The results of the study showed that the total forage production in the pastures of Chaharbagh village is equal to 6203605 kilograms of dry forage and available fodder (sustainable forage) is equal to 1763925 kilograms. The economic value of the total forage produced in the pastures of Chaharbagh village is equal to 52,284,110,52 riyals, and the total economic value of the available forage of these pastures is estimated to be 11,904,012,960 riyals. The capacity of the total number of livestock units with efficiency and economic value was 4749 heads, and the total annual profit was estimated at 12,760,821,000 rials; therefore, the added value of animal husbandry in the studied pasture is equal to 040,747,917 rials.

Due to the extensive area of rangelands and constraints in time and cost, direct estimation of rangeland production through plot sampling becomes impractical. Therefore, indirect methods, such as estimating phytomass from plant dimensions, have been proposed. However, determining the optimal sample size for the clipping and weighing method poses a challenge. This study aimed to determine the minimum required sample size for this method and explore its impact on correlation and regression tests.

The study was conducted in four areas within the carbon sequestration project of Hossein Abad Sarbisheh, South Khorasan Province. Sampling was carried out during the full growth period of Atriplex canescens (Pursh) Nutt, a key plant species in the project. Initial sampling involved 10 samples to calculate the required sample size. A random individual of Atriplex was selected in each row, and its dimensions were measured. The entire aerial part of the plant was then clipped to estimate phytomass, which was subsequently weighed after drying. Correlation and regression tests were conducted to assess the relationship between plant dimensions and phytomass. Sample size was determined using power analysis with effect size, test power (60% and 80%), significant level of 0.05, and alternative hypothesis. The sample size was also determined through the drawing method. Subsequent samplings were conducted with increased sample sizes of 20 and 30. Coefficient of variation (CV) was used to evaluate sampling accuracy, and various model selection criteria were employed after regression analysis.

Initial sampling of 10 samples showed no significant correlation between height and phytomass of Atriplex (R = 0.45, t (8) = 1.42, p > 0.05 (2-tailed)). However, with increased sample sizes of 20 and 30, significant correlations were observed (R = 0.67, t (18) = 3.84, p < 0.01 (2-tailed)) and (R = 0.62, t (28) = 4.15, p < 0.01 (2-tailed)), respectively. The power of correlation and regression tests increased with larger sample sizes (correlation test power: 0.27, 0.93, and 0.99; regression test power: 0.29, 0.97, and 0.98, respectively). Harvey-Collier test indicated significant linear relationship between height and phytomass in the data of 20 samples (p > 0.05), but not in 30 samples (p < 0.05). A sample size of 23 to 36 was recommended to achieve 60% and 80% power. Sampling accuracy in plant height measurement was higher than phytomass, and it decreased as the number of samples increased.

The power of correlation and regression tests from 10 initial samples was found to be less than 0.50%, which is generally not recommended for conducting studies. The study suggests that using 10 samples is not advisable. Additionally, increasing sample size led to higher coefficient of variation (CV) for height and phytomass, indicating reduced sampling accuracy. In rangeland research, fatigue and decreased precision in subsequent estimations and samplings were observed. The drawing method was found insufficient in determining the required sample size for estimating Atriplex phytomass.

Rangeland create various products and services for the users, but currently livestock grazing (forage) is considered the first priority for the exploitation of rangeland. Paying attention to the differents types of services provided by rangeland and determining the economic value of these services helps managers in improving planning and optimal management, creating jobs and increasing the income of users. The purpose of the current research is to investigate the economic value and compare the income of forabge and medicinal production of Jalambadan rangeland in Joveyn County.

In order to determine the homogeneous areas of vegetation and to study more accurately and easily different parameters related to rangeland production, the rangeland was classified. Then the floristic list of plant types was prepared. Vegetation sampling was done in the representative area of each vegetation type using six 50-meter transects and 1×2 rectangular plots, and the number of plots was estimated to be 368 based on Cochran's formula. In order to calculate the annual plant production in each type of rangeland, the double method was used. Based on this, the amount of fodder production has been estimated in all the plots and only 25% of the plots were cut. In this research, 50% exploitation limit is considered. The estimation of the production of medicinal plants is different according to the organ used for them. Therefore, after identifying medicinal plants and edible organs, the appropriate production estimation method was chosen. Alternative cost method was used for economic estimation of fodder production. Therefore, among the exchangeable plants, the barley plant has been chosen as an alternative product due to its exchangeability in global and local markets. The market price method was used to determine the economic value of medicinal plants.

Six plant classes and 119 plant species were identified in the study area. The results showed that the total forage production rangeland was 1180 tons in the entire area of the and the available forage was 590 tons, and the average forage production per hectare of Jalambadan rangeland was 144 kg. The economic value of fodder available in the entire area of pasture is equal to 805,775,000 Tomans.  The economic value of each hectare of rangeland in terms of available forage was estimated as 98,241 Tomans. According to the results, the production of available medicinal plants is equal to 256 tons and its economic value is equal to 2,845,000,000 Tomans in 2019. The income of medicinal plants after deducting harvesting costs in 2019 was 1,440,000,000 tomans. The medicinal plants income per hactare estimated 175,672 Tomans. The results show that the exploitation of medicinal plants has 1.78 times higher income than the exploitation of forage plants.

Exploitation of medicinal plants is an activity with high economic value and is a good source of income for rangeland users. In addition to forage, as a source of income for the pastoralists, the harvesting of medicinal plants and their processing can be developed to reduce the pressure on the rangeland.

Fires occur as a threatening factor in natural resources on a large scale every year. This study aimed to determine the quantitative of fire effects on rangeland plants and determine the resistance of different rangeland species to fire to rehabilitate rangeland areas. This research was conducted in the rangeland site of Kaboudeh Olya village of Kermanshah province. This site was burned in 2016. A control rangeland with similar ecological characteristics and topography was selected in the adjacency of the burned site. Then, by determining the area of burn and control and using Random-Systematic Method, four 50-meter transects and 10 fixed 1×1 plots were established during three years (2017-2019). Statistics and evaluation of density, forage production, canopy cover, condition, and tendency of rangelands were done. Data were analyzed by SPSS software, and the means were compared with the Duncan test at a 5% level. The results showed a significant difference between control and fire treatments at 1%. Perennial grasses and herbaceous forbs in control and fire areas had a significant mean difference for density and canopy cover at 1%. Fire is affected perennial grasses and forbs by reducing the average canopy and production and indicates the sensitivity of this form to fire. The vegetative form of bushes had a significant difference at 1% for density and 5% for crown coverage in the two fields of control and fire. In the field of fire, the density, canopy, and production of bush plants had decreased. The fire had changed the species composition, removed or reduced the density and biomass of bushes and shrub plants. On the contrary, the fire caused an increase in the density, canopy cover, and production in annual grass and herbaceous plants. Fire-resistant species included perennial grass (Hordeum bulbosum and Elymus hispidus).

One of the objectives in rangeland management is the accurate and rapid determination of forage production to determine grazing capacity. The relationship between forage production and morphological characteristics was investigated in this study. For this purpose, two grazed and non-grazed units were selected in the mountainous rangelands of Nazlouchay, Urmia. In each of them, the morphological characteristics of A. aucheri, as the only dominant plant species that accounts for more than 50% of the plant composition, were measured within 60 one-square-meter plots located along with 100-meter transects in July 2017. After cutting off bases growth, the dry weight of the samples was determined, and its regression relationship with morphological characteristics was examined using hierarchical regression. The results showed that it was possible to estimate A.aucheri  production in the unit where the plant bases were not grazed using multiple linear regression models based on diameter, average crown size (D1), collar diameter (D2), and height (H). In the grazed units, where plant bases were grazed in the fall of last year, only the average diameter of the crown (D1) and height (H) was validated with multiple linear regression models, as the best model with RMSE equal to 3.53 and coefficient of 0.52. Due to the relatively good performance of the model and the preference for combining several morphological features in production estimation, separating models into inside and outside the exclosure can play a role in rangeland monitoring and production estimation to calculate grazing capacity and assess the intensity of rangeland utilization.

Calculating rangeland capacity and determining the allowable use for important rangeland species is necessary for sustainable range management. By having the rangeland capacity and presenting accurate management plans, the destruction of vegetation and soil and the reduction of water resources can be prevented. Suitable grazing intensity causes continuous and economic use in the rangeland. Therefore, a study was conducted on the effects of different harvest intensities on forage production of three species Halocnemum strobilaceum, Desmostachya bipinnata, and Aeluropus lagopoides Hormozgan province three years from 2008 to determine the most appropriate level of exploitation. Experimental treatments included four harvesting intensities of 25, 50, and 75% and control (without harvest). In each treatment, ten rootstocks of the species were considered replicates and evaluated on each of the dependent variables. The results were analyzed in SAS software. The results showed that harvest intensity affected the forage production and all treatments were significantly different from the control. Therefore, up to 50% of the allowable use for Aeluropus lagopoides and Desmostachya bipinnata, and up to 75% for Halocnemum strobilaceum is suggested to maintain the health and vigor of these species during the harvest years. According to the above findings, this allowable use can be considered for similar areas in terms of climate together with information about other plants.

Arugula as an adapted plant to the abiotic environmental stresses uses for poor soil improvement and exploitation. In this research the effect of saline water application with different irrigation water frequencies (10, 20 and 30 days) on arugula plant under three planting methods (basin. on-ridge and in-furrow) was studied. The experiment arranged in factorial scheme under a complete block design in 2018-19 in Ardakan Unversity Agricultural Experiment Station with three replications. Results showed that the effect of planting method was dominant in justifying changes in measured traits compared to the irrigation interval. Arugula had better growth (regarding height, number of pod per unit area and plant, number of seeds per pod, 1000-grain weight, biologic- forage- and seed-yield) under in-farrow planting method. Although, increasing irrigation interval up to 30 days decreased all growth parameters; however, increasing irrigation frequency with changing planting method form the conventional basin to in-furrow planting method significantly promoted growth traits and forage (as 73%) seed (as 88%) yield. Furthermore, although in term of absolute amount of forage (as 24445 kg/ha) and seed (as 1484 kg/ha) production, in-furrow planting under 10 -days irrigation frequency is the recommendable treatment; however, the final selection of planting method depends on the economic analysis.

(Festuca ovina) is one of the most important and palatable rangeland species in the rangelands of Mazandaran province and has a wide range of distribution in mountain rangelands that, in addition to nutritional value for livestock, plays a role in the breeding and rehabilitation program of mountain rangelands. Due to the importance of this species, several populations of F. ovina species, whose seeds were collected from different rangelands of the province, were planted in plastic trays. After germination and a short period of operation, in early spring, in the area of Poshtkuh research station in the southeastern heights of Sari, they were planted on two 20-meter-long lines so that 40 bases of each accession were placed on the planting line. Their spacing on rows of 50 m and line spacing of 1 m were considered. The experiment was conducted during 2011-2015. The evaluation began in the spring of 2013. Evaluation criteria for plant selection were phenological stages, plant height at the time of cluster emergence, canopy level, forage production, and seed production. Various phenological stages, including vegetative stage, flowering, seed formation, and fall regrowth, were recorded with weekly reference from the bases that have been nailed for this purpose. The obtained data were statistically analyzed in SPSS16. The results of the combined analysis of variance of the data related to the performance of the evaluated factors showed that there is a significant difference at the level of (p≤0.01) between the six populations of the studied species. The highest amount of canopy cover, plant height, viability, seed production, and forage production is related to the population of Siahsang rangeland, and the lowest values of the mentioned factors are related to the populations of Kangeloo and Doona rangelands. Therefore, to produce and strengthen forage vegetation, the seeds of this population can be used in the mountain rangelands of the central regions of Mazandaran province.

Plants (medicinal, industrial and edible) Rangelands are one of the most valuable resources in the vast range of natural resources of Iran, which, if used properly, can play an important role in creating jobs in local communities. In order to estimate the economic value of (Gundelia tournefortii L.), dependence degree of natives and its share in rural household income compared to the function of forage production and the amount of direct and indirect employment from it was done in a number of conventional arrangements in Damavand. Sampling of vegetation was performed by systematic-random method in the areas identifying plant types and the amount of surface cover, densit, forage production and grazing capacity was measured. The results showed that the total gross income from the operation of forage per year was 66066000 thousand Rials, its cost was 19387260 thousand Rials, net profit was 46678740 thousand Rials and economic rent was 3842 thousand Rials. Also, the total gross income from the exploitation of artichokes in the study area per year was 202500000 thousand Rials, its cost was equal to 89610000 thousand Rials, net income was 112890000 thousand Rials and economic rent was equal to 9291 thousand Rials. Taking into account the number of households and individuals affiliated with the region ranchers, the direct and indirect employment of the forage production during one year was 86 and 257 jobs, respectively, and the number of employed people using Gundelia tournefortii L. was 72 and 216 jobs, respectively. Considering the projected income from the two functions of exploiting Gundelia tournefortii L. and forage production and importance of economic value on local communities it seems that the management of invasive plants in rangeland ecosystems should be such that while maintaining the health and integrity of these ecosystems, it causes transparency and facilitates processes. Decide on the multifunctional use of rangelands and an efficient approach to range management.

Regardless of rangeland plant production, it is not possible to plan and manage livestock and rangeland. Attention to rangeland forage production is essential for efficient and effective rangeland management. This importance is determined by identifying the relationship between forage production of plants and climatic variables which affect them in the field. For this purpose, the annual forage production values of rangeland index species were measured in Omidabad Eastern site during the years of 1998-2008 for 10 years in the national plan for rangeland assessment of different climatic zones and their re-measurement during the years of 2017-2018 for two years by cutting and weighing in 60 random plots of two square meters along four 300-meter tracts. The amount of rainfall and monthly temperature in this time interval were also calculated using the data of Abadeh meteorological station in all months separately each year. The amount of annual dry forage production of each species as a dependent variable and the amount of rainfall and temperature calculated as independent variables and relationships between them were investigated using a linear multivariate regression program in SPSS software. The results showed that rainfall, winter, and fall temperatures had a significant effect on species production and spring rains as well as the temperature of the growing season, in April and May, alone did not affect the forage production of the species and based on the results research, with the availability of rainfall and temperature data, the annual forage production of the studied species and the annual production of the coming years can be estimated with high accuracy.

Fodder plants are the most important crops in the world, because these plants provide fodder for millions of livestock in the world, which in turn feeds millions of people. In order to evaluate the effect of drought stress on some agronomic traits and forage palatability of cuctus, an experiment was carried out on the basis of a randomized complete block design consisted of four treatments; the supply of water based on 56, 24, 15 and zero percent of the plant dry matter (rain-fed farming condition) with three replications in Research farm of Dasht-e-Zahab (2017-2018). The results showed that there is not a significant difference between the drought stress (23.34 and 18.28, respectively) and normal irrigation (23.17 and 20.18, respectively) in terms of length and width of pad in moderate drought. The maximum fresh yield was obtained in years of 2017 (65.46 t.ha-1) and 2018 (64.88 t.ha-1) in the no-stress treatment. The fresh yield was 60.04 t.ha-1 in the moderate-stress treatment. Also, the maximum dry yield was obtained in the first year of no-stress treatment which did not have a significant difference with the moderate-stress treatment. The ratio of elements concentration in the young pads to the 1- and 2-year pads were respectively 33.43 and 23.4 percent for P, 0.14 and 21.48 percent for K, 2.47 and 21.55 percent for Ca and 66.01 for Na. The results showed that the deficit irrigation increased nutrition accumulation and forage palatability of the crop. Also, dry and wet forage showed a positive significant correlation with the length and width of pad and forage palatability. Therefore, it is possible to achieve similar forage with normal irrigation treatment by applying moderate drought stress. Cactus pear with its high efficiency in converting water to dry matter, produces significant forage and helps to revive vegetation in drought conditions.

Today, climate change and increasing global temperature, dry periods and increased frequency of occurrence of such ecosystems in the world on the verge major developments put. This study was 10 years (1394-1385) and to evaluate the effect of rainfall (daily, monthly, quarterly, annually, etc.) on top of the e Nodooshan steppe rangelands of Yazd. For this purpose each year, producing a random plots were measured. Rainfall index statistics from the nearest synoptic stations in the region were prepared. The relationship between production and climate factors were analyzed in SPSS 16 software. Results showed that forage production on top Abad reveal significant variables as the independent variable growing season precipitation, annual rainfall, rainfall in May and early growing season rainfall is the highest correlation. 80% Annual forage production can be significant changes with growth of + previous estimate. Simple regression analysis showed that the production of delicious class I, class II, class III the highest correlation with May rainfall, rainfall and growing season rainfall is growing + earlier.