جستجوی مقالات مرتبط با کلیدواژه « governance » در نشریات گروه « کشاورزی »

The as one of the important sectors in the economy, the agricultural sector plays important roles such as providing food security and helping the market of production factors, and is considered one of the energy consumers. So that today, the production of the agricultural sector and the advancement of the technologies used in this sector have become so dependent on different types of energy that the energy consumption in this sector has an increasing trend in four decades. One of the factors affecting the consumption behavior of economic actors in the field of energy is its governance and efficiency, so that with the right policies and their strict implementation, it can affect the change or modification of energy consumption behavior. Therefore, in this study, the factors affecting the energy used (diesel oil) in the agricultural sector have been investigated, emphasizing the role of governance in 22 countries with lower middle income.

The Tobit panel model has been used to estimate the model. The information of this study was collected from the World Food website and the World Bank for the period from 1996 to 2018.

The results of Tobit's panel model estimation showed that except for the corruption control index, the remaining governance indicators (political stability, the right to comment and accountability, and the rule of law) have a negative effect on diesel consumption in the agricultural sector. by increasing the score of each of the indicators of the right to comment and answer, political stability, rule of law and control of corruption by one percent, the amount of energy consumed in the agricultural sector in the studied countries changes by -1/21, -0/06, -1/63 and 2.33 percent. In contrast to domestic investment variables, the share of the agricultural sector in the economy and the growth of the agricultural sector have a positive effect on the use of renewable energy.

According to the research findings the, suggestions such as improving the governance situation in the investigated countries, expanding the volume of trade and developing smart systems in order to increase the share of clean energy and reduce the share of diesel in the energy consumption portfolio are recommended. Also, the comparison of the final effect of governance indicators shows that corruption control has a greater effect than other governance indicators. So it is recommended to take effective measures to control corruption, especially environmental issues and the expansion of clean energy consumption.

Analyzing changes in land use/cover and identifying their drivers is essential for developing sustainable land management approaches that restore ecosystem resources and services. This research analyzes land use/land cover changes in the Fandoghlo region in Ardabil province in the last two decades based on Landsat 8 (OLI/TIRS L1TP) satellite images and investigates governance and socio-economic drivers based on household surveys and key informants interviews. The results recorded a negative net change in forest (187.5 ha) and rangeland (662.5 ha) ecosystems and a positive net change in agriculture (587.1 ha) and man-made (267.6 ha). Analysis of the 20-year (2003-2023) change detection matrix showed that about 26% of the study area experienced a transition. Based on the results of the investigation of 11 governance and socio-economic drivers, the observed change in ecosystems caused by the expansion of agriculture (91%), poverty (71%), livestock pressure (68%), weak law enforcement (65%), wood smuggling (62%), increasing demand for firewood (60%), population growth (44%), fires (41%), incompatible forms of tourism (40%), distance to the road (36%), and mining (11%). These socio-economic drivers have a significant impact on the availability of ecosystem services, community welfare, biodiversity, and climate. Therefore, this study recommends coordinated efforts by stakeholders to develop participatory ecosystem management and public awareness on the coexistence of nature conservation and sustainable livelihoods. In order to protect ecosystems in this region, it is crucial to empower local communities, understand the dynamics of agricultural lands, and manage the causes and consequences of recent demographic changes.

Flood governance and risk management involve measures and strategies aimed at reducing the risk of floods and managing their impacts. This process includes identifying and evaluating risks, planning and prevention, readiness for response and performance in crisis situations, effective and rapid response to floods, and constructive measures and continuous improvement. The main approach of this research is based on five themes related to various issues related to flood risk management, which include stakeholder engagement, policies and action, research on practice, supporting tools, governance, and frameworks. The study of flood risk management has experienced significant developments over the past two decades. Attention to the application of flood risk management and comparative analysis of flood governance in flood management studies has been undertaken, which means creating a complex arrangement that shapes the behavior of governance and social actors regarding flood risk management. Based on the results of the review of research sources, the main structures of flood risk management and flood governance studies are strongly interrelated but also differ in their main structures, which are evident in the discovered keywords in the analysis. The articles were codified based on the main topics in MAXQDA software, and then the complete sets of codes in all reviewed articles were examined. The findings of the research show that improving flood resilience requires extensive efforts in the fields of physical and social sciences. Researchers should, for flood forecasting and modeling, in addition to the physical sciences, develop social science tools. These actions can help improve the planning and management of flood crises and reduce their social and economic effects.

Today, Iranian and Islamic dimensions in strategy formulation became the keys in the governance. This study aims to provide a mechanism by which the governors are able to consider the two dimensions in Islamic governance grand strategy formulation. The research was applied in terms of its purpose and the data analysis method was theme analysis using the MAXQDA software. In this study, first, the contemporary Islamic governance literature was investigated that ends to five perspectives, namely, principals, basics, mission, problems and non-Islamic governance. Then, the Holy Quran Verses were investigated whose themes analysis end to six categories, namely, excellence governance, non-excellence governance, the necessities of excellence governance, problems and issues, perspectives and objectives, and justice and control. Putting the extracted themes in a two axes, we reached to a sort of matrix by which we can both consider the Islamic perspective and the Iranian perspective in strategy formulation concurrently. Finally, using this mechanism, a sample of strategy formulation was done in which we reach to some strategies that correspond to themes and perspectives and both Holy Qoran Verses as well as Iranian scholars’’ ideas are considered in the process.

Rural production cooperatives play an important role in sustainable rural development and are one of the advanced stages of cooperation. Rural production cooperatives play a very important role in reducing rural poverty by increasing production efficiency and can provide services that governments are unable to provide for poor people. The purpose of this research was to investigate the role of rural production cooperatives in improving the status of the 12 components of Legatum welfare in rural areas.

Methodology/approach:

 The present research was conducted using a survey and descriptive-correlational methodology. The statistical population of the present study consisted of 17,493 rural household members and non-members in rural production cooperatives of Miandoab city and 377 households were randomly selected. Data were collected through structured interviews and analyzed using SPSS27 and LISREL software 8.8.

Findings and conclusions:

 The results showed that rural production cooperatives play an effective role in improving the 12 structures of Legatum welfare (including safety and security; personal freedom; governance; social capital; investment environment; entrepreneurial conditions; market access and infrastructure; economic conditions; living conditions; health; education and natural environment). Meanwhile, rural production cooperatives played the biggest role in improving the education component. In the end, practical suggestions were presented.

Previous studies have investigated the role of one or two components of welfare, and none of the previous studies have addressed the role of all components of welfare simultaneously, which is considered among the innovations of the current research.

The need to decentralize government at the local level can guarantee the participation of rangeland beneficiaries. So the present study has analyzed the perceptions of rangeland beneficiaries of participatory governance in Incheh salt marshes in Golestan province. The research is descriptive-survey and statistical population consists of 120 beneficiaries, 92 of whom were selected as the sample size. The questionnaire was the main tool of data collection and participatory governance was evaluated with 32 items in the form of 9 components. The validity of the questionnaire was obtained by experts and its reliability was obtained by calculating the Cronbach's alpha coefficient. Statistical calculations based on SPSS25. The results showed that the "implementation" and "conflict resolution" with the highest and "planning" and "coordination" with the lowest were at the highest and lowest levels of governance index, respectively. On the other hand, according to the average obtained in the participatory governance index (3.58), the tendency of governance is toward community-oriented management. There was a positive and significant relationship between the variables of livestock history, number of livestock, age, annual income and the tendency to rule in the rangeland. According to the obtained results and also the importance of rangeland governance, the involvement of beneficiaries in the preparation of rangeland plans and projects and the use of their rich native knowledge, holding classes in line with the cooperative activities of beneficiaries with the Department of Natural Resources and Watershed Management as a representative of the government are the most important suggestions of this research.

Water governance is a decision-making process in a set of political, economic, social, and executive systems in order to plan, develop water resources management and provide water services in different parts of society. Yazd province is one of the driest provinces in the country due to being located on the central plateau. Therefore, it seems that water governance is necessary in such a way that in different sectors of agriculture, drinking water hygiene, and industry, the main goal project is, to have optimal consumption, and water resources are not destroyed. The approach of the present research is qualitative; The foundation's data method and data collection technique were semi-structured in-depth interviews with three groups of managers and administrative experts, independent experts and experts in the water field, and employers in the industry and agriculture sectors. which were selected by purposeful sampling until reaching theoretical saturation. The data analysis technique was also open, central, and selective coding. The findings of the research showed that the water governance model is based on self-interested governance. This type of governance means paying attention to immediate and present interests and not paying attention to the state of water resources for the future, which has characteristics such as orders from the top to bottom, show, temporary, without paying attention to environmental issues and sustainable development. There has been a lack of interaction between the people and the officials and the defective participation of the stakeholders.

Additive and Negative impacts of climate change in recent years, such as consecutive drought, simultaneously with increasing urban population and rate urbanization, has caused  most countries in the world, including Iran,  faced a shortage of accessible water resources; But in response to these shortcomings, managers and decision-makers at different levels, without considering the interests of all stakeholders and their participation in related decisions, by emphasizing supply-oriented solutions and have refrained implementation of integrated water resources management. This study aims to identify and evaluate the challenges of governance and integrated management of urban water resources in a descriptive-analytical method. For this purpose, after determining and extracting the desired indicators using the opinions of academic experts and managers, and decision-makers related to the subject,  Shannon entropy weighting methods to weigh these challenges and the combined TOPSIS ranking method to determine and display the situation the cities of Bushehr province have been used in relation to each other. According to the results; The challenges of "secession and numerous decision-making organizations in water resources management" and "emphasis on water supplying policies" with weights of 0.089 and 0.086, respectively, were identified as the most important challenges.  The results of the study of selected indicators of water resources governance and analysis of the quantitative research model have shown that the cities of Bushehr, Genaveh, and Deylam at the level of "absolutely desirable governance", Borazjan city at the level of "optimal governance", Ahram, Khormoj, and Assaluyeh at the level of "governance" On average, the cities of Kangan and Jam are at the level of "unfavorable rule" and the city of Deir is at the level of "completely undesirable rule".

Social conflicts around the water axis, salinization of water resources, declining groundwater levels, etc. indicate the existence of major shortcomings in the country's water management system. Some of these consequences are due to natural factors such as drought, climate change, etc. Another part is affected by water governance policies. Governance and management are similar in general, but in fact management in the form of executive and governance activities is the existing structural framework for the implementation of those activities. Water governance is a range of political, social, economic, and administrative systems that exist for the development and management of water resources and the provision of water services at various levels of society and is a direct mechanism for people's livelihood. Another reason for the importance of governance is the relationship with some macro indicators of society. The indicators of good governance vary according to the circumstances of each society. In the process of evaluating good governance, any kind of judgment and evaluation should be based on certain criteria and indicators. Localization of indicators in any society will accelerate the achievement of stability in the desired area. In this article, with the aim of being aware of the global knowledge in order to implement good water governance in the country, the various stages of changes in world water management were examined and its effects on domestic water policy and management were pointed out. Then, a comparative study of local water resources management and indigenous knowledge with indicators and principles of good governance was conducted. Finally, by explaining the context and structure of the principles of governance in the country, it became clear that good governance will be possible through accountability, the right to comment, and social justice, which are of great importance.

What has been identified as the relationship between natural resources and conflict? In what ways are natural resources used to trigger conflict and instability? Who are the main players and actors in resource conflicts? To address these questions, this article critically reviews the main theoretical and empirical works on natural resources conflict. This area was studied as the target population due to the rich forest and rangelands resources and considering the existing conflicts in the Ardabil province. The conflict of interest between exploiters and natural resource experts is one of the problems that may have remained from the period of nationalization of forests and rangeland (1962) and has become more critical gradually. In this regard, the inapplicability of the laws, the numerous transfers that have taken place over the years, and the lack of transparency of the border between national lands and exceptions, have led to many problems. This study seeks to investigate the reasons and causes of the conflict between the key natural resources key stakeholders including beneficiaries people who use the rangelands or forest and the local authority or national actors (government) over natural resources in the study area.

legal, managerial, exploitation, and social components were examined from the perspectives of both experts and stakeholders. A number of 205 questionnaires were completed by the officials of natural resources of Ardabil and Garmi cities and its stakeholders with the Snowball Method. The validity of the main variables was more than 0.7, which is an acceptable number. Divergent validity index, among all features, was less than 0.9, which indicated that there is no dependence between the variables of each feature. Since the scale of measuring the views of experts and stakeholders is the rating, the non-parametric Mann-Whitney U-test was used to compare the views of two groups on the causes of conflict in natural resources.

The results showed that the natural resources conflict in the whole region, there isn’t a significant difference between the factors affecting the conflict between the local community and government experts in terms of perspective. The most important components for increasing the conflict in this region from the perspective of beneficiaries are lack of expertise of the resolution council, lack of government support for ranches, financial poverty, conflict with rangeland encroachers, low level of awareness of stakeholders, and according to the experts, lack of government support for ranches, lack of law, lack of rangeland cooperative, insufficient water in rangeland, financial poverty, lack of cooperation among the people and migration. Land grabbing, coaling, wood smuggling, and understory tillage aren’t the most challenging issues. From the managerial point of view, both groups have declared that the most effective way to reduce the conflict is the confinement of forests and pastures, but the participatory management issues were not acceptable according to the two groups’ viewpoints. Effective presence of experts in the field, recognizing the livelihood potentials of the region and encouraging and educating people to know alternative jobs are suitable ways to reduce the conflicts.

It seems that the plans of stopping the exploitation of natural resources are more accepted in this region. Participatory management is one of the solutions to reduce the conflict which necessity of its implementation was not acceptable according to the two groups’ viewpoints.

Ignoring the spatial scale in understanding of environmental processes resulted in a vagueness in environment problems statement and incorrect decision-making in environment management. Because, connection between solutions and environmental problems in policy-making processes, require attention to suitable spatial scale of technical knowledge. Therefore in this study, focusing on descriptive-analytical approach, the role of spatial scale were surveyed in environmental policymaking. The results showed that despite the effort to understand the the environmental problems in international scale,governments focus more on environment and natural resources management in national scale. So, using of national scale is necessary for attainment to special methodological framework for solving the environment problems and transfer adequate solutions and understanding of technical knowledge to policy context. Hence, it could be suggested that providing and designing an environmental policymaking supermodel in state scale (national scale) can hemogenise its environmental macro-policies scale with scale of understanding of environmental problems. In other word, this supermodel is useful for connect technical knowledge outcomes to understanding of policymakers in national spatial scale.

Management is the most important factor in the life, growth and development or death of a society and controls the movement of the current from the current state to the desired state. Accordingly, paying attention to the management structure in rural communities is one of the basic issues in analyzing the country's rural issues. There are different approaches to rural management that one of the newest and most important of them is favorable and good rural governance. Accordingly, the aim of this study is to investigate and analyze the current situation of local rural management in terms of performance based on the eight indicators of good governance. For this purpose, descriptive-analytical methodology, library resources and field research (questionnaire) were used. The statistical sample of the study is eleven villages of Nabovat and Sarab villages of Ivan county and 122 people were selected and read randomly. The results of the study show that the performance status of rural managers in the eight indicators of good rural governance, among the eight indicators examined, the average of the four indicators of participation, accountability, transparency and justice was higher than the average basis and the average of the four indicators of efficiency, rule of law, responsibility, and consensus was lower than the average. deviation from the mean index most of these indicators were negative and showed that from the respondents' point of view, the performance of Rural Municipality Administers in most indicators of good governance is weak.

Due to increasing imbalance between water supply and water demand, sustainability of water resources has become as a key issue in national and international water policy making. The development of water quantity assessment focusing on water balances have been identified as a main tool for guiding water policy and management at different decision-making scales, such as quantitative management and efficient allocation of water resources. In Iran, the WBA is being conducted every five years for about 609 watersheds. Although the water authorities are provided different guidelines and frameworks to improve the WBA, yet there are many obstacles which lead to high uncertainty in water balance assessment. On the other hands, there are some institutional issues which is associated to the process of conducting WBA and effect on proper policy making including problems related to data and measurements, time consuming process of studying WBA which itself takes another five years and some stakeholders do not accept the final results i.e. the renewable water or some water consumptions estimates. It is planned to identify the UPWB through online questionnaire forms and holding different expert meetings which will be finalized in a coming national symposium. It should be noted that the national symposium has two parts in which the second part is planned in a strategic way to address some practical resolutions. This investigation will provide the results of unsolved problems in WBA in Iran. This note explains the challenges of water balance assessment in Iran and the neccesity of a shared vision to understand the current situation.

In this research, by using participatory approach, governance challenges have been evaluated from the perspective of influential and influenced actors in the Yazd-Ardakan plain. According to the water, food, energy nexus and considering interdependencies of these three sectors, in the first step, key players were identified. In the next step, according to the viewpoints of actors, the factors that led to excessive withdrawal of groundwater resources in each water, food and energy sector were identified as governance challenges. DPSIR framework was then used to assess the governance challenges specified by participatory approach. Eventually, the rules and infrastructure of the water, food, and energy sectors were evaluated. The results showed that in the water, food and energy, respectively, 11, 8, 2 challenges were identified which have led to pressure on groundwater resources. Finally, for the 21 identified challenges, 28 strategies for modifying groundwater governance were introduced that 11, 15 and 2 strategies related to water, food and energy sectors. The most important strategies identified in water, food and energy sectors are include: improvement of legal structures for sealing of all unauthorized wells, establishment of formal water market, empowerment of actors, convergence of assessment criteria of water and food organizations, modify planting plans and food market control, pricing of water and energy resources. The results of this study can help planners and policymakers to reform the laws and infrastructure for modifying groundwater governance and improving the status of aquifers.

Groundwater plays an important role in water supply for domestic, industrial, and agricultural demands. In many countries, the irresponsible and excessive use of groundwater has led to serious problems and depletion and destructions of aquifers. In some regions, as a result of pollution, groundwater resources are gradually becoming unusable. Due to climate change and the changing patterns of rainfall, river flows have decreased, therefore decreasing the groundwater recharge rate. This ultimately leads to increased pressure on groundwater resources. Inefficiency and non-effectiveness of current unsustainable practices are often the biggest challenges in water management in arid and semi-arid regions. Ground water governance is essential to tackle the identified challenges. Governance has been adopted to control the sudden rise of groundwater withdrawals. “Water governance” means rules and practices for decision-making about water policy and their implementation, i.e. the range of political, institutional, and administrative processes through which stakeholders articulate their interests. Therefore, concerns are considered, decisions are taken and implemented, and decision-makers are held accountable in the development and management of water resources and delivery of water services. Governance should be seen as a context where integrated water resources management can be implemented.

Suggestion of the ending of parallel operating executive systems is indeed one of the key components of saving aquifers in the country and achieving good governance in water and soil resources management. Although the executive agencies are an important pillar of government, the reduction of inefficiency in the management of water and soil resources of the country is more achievable, not through policy but through pathology and impartial rooting. In this note, with the help of a historical review, it is proposed to ending at least 70 percent of all parallel research and administrative apparatus in water and soil management of the country. Subsequently, with the aim of reforming the government's layout to deal with the aquifer crisis and achieve "good governance" in the water and agriculture sector, the Ministry of Water resources and Irrigation was formed with less than 30 percent of existing capacity. The administration (buildings and manpower) is followed by a reduction in the financial burden of the government.