جستجوی مقالات مرتبط با کلیدواژه « خشکسالی » در نشریات گروه « اقتصاد کشاورزی »

Water-based incidents are natural phenomena that have posed Iran to serious crises. Despite efforts to settle water crises and improve the conditions, we still witness a growing trend of water issues, especially in the agricultural sector in Iran. A necessary step to face water-based incidents and alleviate their implications is to have a deep understanding of resilience dimensions to enhance the tolerance level of the farmers. The present study evaluated farmers’ resilience level in the face of water-based crises in Harsin County. The research, which adopted a descriptive survey methodology, was conducted in 2020. The statistical population was composed of the heads of rural households in four rural districts of the county, amounting to about 6000 people. The sample size was determined to be 361 farmers based on Morgan’s table. The measurement instrument was a questionnaire whose validity was confirmed by a panel of experts and professionals and its reliability was confirmed for all sections as their Cronbach’s alpha was estimated at >0.8. SPSS was used for data analysis and Expert Choice was used for pairwise comparisons. Based on the results of the pairwise comparisons, infrastructural resilience to drought has the highest level of importance in the concept of resilience. According to the results of the study, the resilience level was evaluated to be relatively low in all studied rural districts, and the difference in the level of resilience among the studied villages is significant. Also, farmers with irrigated farming have a higher level of resilience than farmers with rainfed farming.

Given the climate change and the need to protect the environment, especially in arid and semi-arid regions, it is necessary to adopt a new mechanism for the equitable allocation of scarce water resources and the resulting benefits among stakeholders. This study used a Cooperative Game Theory (CGT) framework in order to analyze water management under water scarcity and drought conditions in Qarehsou River Basin of Golestan province of Iran. The required data were collected through a survey research and completing the questionnaires in the cropping year of 2017-2018. Loehman stability index was used to investigate the willingness of stakeholders to participate in coalition and the determination of stability. The results showed achieving full cooperation would increase the total benefit of basin. The study of the stability index showed that in general, the grand coalition based on Nash-Harsanyi was more stable than the Shapley value and Nucleolus in drought scenarios. As a result, the cooperation between stakeholders should be increased in the form of basin coordination councils to protect the ecosystem and preserve the economic interests of basin in conditions of water scarcity. The CGT solutions and power index examined demonstrate the importance of combining the strategic behavior of stakeholders in designing acceptable and sustainable policies to reduce the effects of drought in the basin. Therefore, it is recommended to apply Nash-Harsanyi solution to redistribute the benefits of cooperation between stakeholders in the basin; in other words, the distribution of cooperative benefits between stakeholders is based on relative weights, which is calculated based on the maximum demand of water users in the non-cooperative model within a cooperative theory.

 Given the growing global hunger in recent years, creating and increasing resilience among disadvantaged and impoverished communities, emphasized in the 2030 Sustainable Development Agenda, is a significant concern to most countries. The term resilience is generally considered as the capacity of a system to withstand various risks, and household resilience can be defined as the ability to return to the previous level of living conditions after a shock. Since one of the most critical shocks that farmers have faced in Iran is drought, the present study aimed to estimate the effect of drought on rural farmers’ household resilience in a selected village in Qalandar Abad district in Iran.

 The factor analysis method was used to estimate the components of the Resilience Index Measurement and Analysis (RIMA) of the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO), and the Mimic (Multiple indicators_ multiple causes) method was used to estimate the latent variable of resilience. RIMA, which considers resilience as a latent variable, includes four main components of Access to Basic Services (ABS), Assets (AST), Social Safety Nets (SSN), and Adaptive Capacity (AC). Also, according to the purpose of the study on estimating the resilience of rural households with the MIMIC method, at least two food security indicators at the household level, as multiple indicators of resilience, are required. The food security indices used in the calculations of this study include the Household Hunger Scale Index and the household Food Consumption Score. The samples included 149 farmers randomly selected from Hossein Abad Rekhneh Gol village, and data were collected through interviews with the household head. To reveal the effect of different shocks on the rural resilience households, self-reported information such as drought, livestock loss, and the characteristics of the households were used through an Ordinary Last Square regression.  

 In the first stage, each of the pillars of resilience, including Access to Basic Services, Assets, Social Safety Nets, and Adaptive Capacity, which are considered latent variables, shows a higher correlation between the variables, and the calculated pillars indicate the greater importance of that variable in each of the resilience components. According to the results, among the variables that constitute the pillar of access to basic services, "the distance from the household to the health center" variable correlates with this pillar, which indicates its high importance. In addition, the "attending school years" is one of the most important variables in forming and creating the adaptive capacity of a household to the crises ahead. The agricultural water availability and the total yield during a year play an important role in creating the asset pillar. Regarding creating the social safety nets pillar, as we expected, the governmental cash transfers, through monthly subsidies, the Imam Khomeini Relief Foundation, and the State Welfare Organization of Iran, is the most crucial variable. The results obtained from the food consumption (FCS) score index showed that 117 out of 149 studied households are within the acceptable threshold, 28 households are on the borderline, and four households are in a poor food consumption situation. The Hunger Scale Index showed that out of 149 households, 62 households are on the little to no hunger threshold, while 81 households are on the moderate hunger and six households are on the severe hunger threshold. Also, based on the results of the MIMIC model, among the calculated pillars, household assets is the most important. The increase of one standard deviation unit in AST will increase 0.06 standard deviation units in the resilience capacity index. Adaptive capacity and social safety nets pillars also play a significant role in creating resilience for rural households. Thus, increasing one standard deviation in the AC and SSN led to an increase in the magnitude of the resilience by 0.04 and 0.03 standard deviations, respectively. Finally, the effect of different shocks on the rural resilience households showed that variables such as drought, livestock loss, and gender of household head (being female) have a negative effect on their resilience. The size of the household has a positive impact, which means that the more family members, the more resilience.

 One of the critical goals of underdeveloped and developing countries, is to eradicate poverty and achieve sustainable development. In Iran, like other developing countries, smallholder farmers are known to be vulnerable to environmental and economic changes such as climate change, rising prices of agricultural inputs, etc. Therefore, adopting and implementing policies that lead to a fair income distribution for vulnerable people is essential. Estimating the RIMA makes it possible to rank households based on their strengths, weaknesses, and current needs. Budget allocation and the policy time duration are two limiting factors that may optimize using the RIMA results. The present study examined the RIMA and the effect of drought on the calculated index for the first time in Iran for a specific region. Since the ranking of households based on resilience requires awareness of all vulnerable households' situations, the definition of short-term and long-term projects in the future development plans is essential. To identify "the most vulnerable groups" and "the most important challenges and shocks," these scheduled projects are vital for budget allocation prioritization.

Drought as a natural shock can potentially reduce the livelihood and well-being of rural households and encourage them to migrate from the Villages. The possible drought of Lake Urmia along with the drought will intensify the phenomenon of migration of villagers. Having a correct understanding and insight of this issue will play an important role in policy making. This descriptive and correlational study was conducted to design a model of effective factors in the migration intention of farmers in the Urmia Lake Basin. The statistical population was all rural households in East and West Azerbaijan provinces, 495 of which were selected and studied by multi-stage random sampling. The research instrument was a researcher-made questionnaire whose validity was confirmed by experts of Zanjan University and Urmia Lake Studies Research Institute and its reliability was obtained by conducting a pretest and calculating Cronbach's alpha coefficient greater than 0.7 for composite indices. The results of logistic regression analysis showed that the tendency of men to work migration is the most important factor in the tendency of households to migrate. Having a house in the city, understanding the risk of the lake drying up on family life, share of income from the agricultural sector were other factors affecting household migration. Understanding the risk of lake drying on rural life, the percentage of income from agriculture, the amount of social capital, attitudes toward drought and its management were also factors influencing men's willingness to migrate. Given the important role of earning income and employment of men in the family, proper government policy in creating employment for villagers and starting non-agricultural businesses have an important role in preventing the migration of villagers in the region.

Sustainable management of water resources in Iran, which has historically suffered from water scarcity, is of great importance. Sustainable management of historical structures for the exploitation of water resources, the most prominent of which is the Qanats, seems to be very important, especially in the central plateau of Iran. So, the present study was conducted with the aim of identifying sustainable management strategies for water resources of Qanats in Yazd province, Iran. The present study was applied and was conducted by survey method. The statistical population included farmers directly exploiting the Qanats of Yazd province (N = 30662) of which 280 people were randomly selected as a sample with proportional assignment sampling method. The validity of the research instrument confirmed, using a panel of experts and its reliability confirmed, using Cronbach's alpha coefficient. Data analysis was performed using two methods of descriptive statistics and analytical statistics (factor analysis and nonparametric comparative analysis) using SPSS21 software. The results of exploratory factor analysis of sustainable water use management strategies showed that six categories of legal strategies - protection, technical-production, research-educational and extension, participatory and preservation of indigenous knowledge, income diversity and environmental strategies could explain 70.645% of the total variance. Non-parametric U-Mann-Whitney comparative test showed that from the farmers' point of view, in almost all sustainable management strategies, the rate of implementation was significantly less than their importance. The findings provided suggestions to improve the situation of sustainable management of Qanats in the country.

Alfalfa is the most important forage crop in Iran, which is cultivated in almost all provinces of the country. Considering the economic importance of alfalfa and its sensitivity to drought stress and its special physiological characteristics in drought resistance, this study investigates the risk of drought in different regions on the one hand and the relationship between alfalfa production and drought-determining parameters on the other hand. For this purpose, first the probability of drought in different regions of Iran was calculated based on RDI index, which showed that the probability of drought in some eastern regions of the country is higher than other regions. Then, by estimating the climatic response function of alfalfa yield based on the time series data of 1992-2016 and using the spatial panel method, the effects of precipitation and temperature changes as the two main effective drought reversals on alfalfa yield were investigated. Based on the results of this study and taking into account climate forecasts and the status of available water resources in the future, the development of alfalfa cultivation in the northwestern and western regions of the country and limiting the cultivation of this crop in the eastern regions, will have positive economic effects. Also, using the physiological characteristics of alfalfa in dormancy with temporary cessation of irrigation and allocation of water to alfalfa rotation can be used as a strategy in managing water consumption in drought stress conditions.

Assessing the potential effects of drought in agriculture and water resources management, as well as providing solutions to deal with it, is an important step in the development of agricultural activities. Therefore, in the present study the standardized precipitation index (SPI) to determine the different intensities of drought and its occurrence was used during the study period (2002-2018). Then, by using the Positive Mathematical Planning (PMP) model, the potential effects of drought on the cropping pattern and farmers' livelihoods of in the southern basin of Tehran province were analyzed. The required data are documentary and registered in the relevant government agencies which were collected in two sections, time series (2002-2018) and cross-section (2017-2018). The results showed that the probability of severe drought in the southern basin of Tehran province is about 6/25 percent. Decreasing the acrage of high consumption water products such as watermelon, corn, sunflower and increasing the acrage of wheat and barley are other obtained results under drought conditions in Tehran province. Decrease of 3/00 to 19/4 percent of farmers' gross profit and increase of 13/2 to 115/6 percent of the economic value of irrigation water are other consequences of this phenomenon under mild to severe intensities. According to the obtained results in this study, in order to reduce the risk of hydrological drought and farmers' exposure with this event in southern basin of Tehran province, in the first step it is recommended that the modification of optimal cropping patternin in order to reduce the acrage of water-filled products (such as sunflower and watermelon) and replace it with the acrage of products with higher profit to water ratio (such as corn and canola) be prioritized. In the next step, it is suggested that due to the elasticity of agricultural water input to price changes in the southern basin of Tehran province (ewater = -0/96), the correct implementation of water pricing policy in accordance with the trend of changes in the economic value of water input and observance of the principle equality consideration in drought conditions should be considered by the public sector.

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of farmers' time perspective on their drought risk management behavior in downstream of Karkheh dam. This research is a descriptive-correlational and ex post facto research that was conducted using a survey. The statistical population was farmes who were members in water user association in downstream of Karkheh dam, Khuzestan province (N=3668) which 350 of them were selected using Karjesi and Morgan table and stratified random sampling method with proportional assignment. The research instrument was a questionnaire whose validity was confirmed by a panel of experts in the field of agricultural extension and education and its reliability was determined using the Cronbach's alpha coefficient (0.79≤α≤0.92). The findings indicated that farmers' risk management behavior is moderate and most farmers have a present-oriented viewpoint. Also, from the viewpoint of time perspective, there is a significant difference between past-orientd farmers and others (present-orinted and future-orinted farmers) from the perspective of drought risk management practices, and the past-orientd group exhibits a weaker behavior in this regard. Accordingly, as a policy strategy in water resource management planning, shift farmers' time perspectives should be considered from past-oriented to present and, in particular, to future perspectives.

Drought is a natural hazard that causes the production and income losses and has severe effects on the poor households. In this context, a comprehensive assessment of economic impacts of drought provides critical information to drought mitigation policies and programs. To this end, the effects of drought on the output and employment of Iran's economy as a whole were examined using two models including a single-regional computable general equilibrium (CGE) and a multi-regional computable general equilibrium (MRCGE) model. Applied data were obtained from the social accounting matrix (SAM) of year 2001 and Iranian input-output table of year 2006. The drought defined as lower access to water was considered in three scenarios of weak, moderate and sever options. The results obtained from single-regional CGE model indicated that GDP decreased by 1.7 to 5.5 percent based on the severity of drought; the corresponding values for MRCGE were 2.2-6.4 percent. Reduction of regional gross output for Kerman, Hamedan, Fars, and Ardabil provinces were more than those for other provinces. As shown by the results, a decrease in output induced a fall in employment, but a reduction in employment was found lower than those of output. Finally, the study recommended developing the water-saving measures as well as creating more jobs in rural industries.

Agriculture is one of the most important vulnerable sectors regarding drought phenomenon with significant impacts on the economy of countries. In many previous studies, drought risk management has been mentioned as one of the best scientific methods of drought management. In this regard, this study was conducted in Ferdows County, South Khorasan province of Iran, aiming at both identifying the drought risk indexes to assess agricultural drought risk factors of the region and providing a framework to plan an operational risk response. Precise determination of these indexes and their relative importance makes it possible to assess and analyze drought risk of that region; moreover, a definite framework for agricultural drought risk management can be developed. In this paper, a list of possible drought risk response actions was provided and then they were prioritized. Based on this initial prioritization, cost and difficulties of executing each drought risk response action, the final prioritization of drought risk response actions were determined. Since the risk assessment indexes and drought risk response actions were evaluated based on opinions of experts and linguistic variables, Fuzzy Analytical Hierarchal Process was used to determine the weight of each risk index, and Fuzzy TOPSIS was applied to determine the priority of risk response actions. The study results indicated the pivotal role of “reducing the groundwater and surface water use of agricultural activities” in addressing the agricultural drought and “subsurface irrigation” as the best reaction treatment

Drought is accompanied with a reduction in agriculture and food products, thus it may represent a threat to food security in addition that can induce a reduction in households’income. Given the relationship between agricultural and nonagricultural sectors, there needs to examine the drought effects comprehensively. To this end, in current study a computable general equilibrium (CGE) model is applied to assess the effects of drought on households’ income and welfare as well as on food production index. Applied data were obtained from the social accounting matrix (SAM) of year1380 (2001). Drought, defined as lower access to water, was examined in three scenarios of weak (16%), moderate (36%) and sever options (47%). Welfare changes are measured by Hicksian equivalent variation (EV). The results indicated that the food production index was decreased by 5.8 to 27.8% according to the severity of drought. The corresponding values of welfare index are 6.2-27.1%. It was also found that drought induces a reduction in rural and urban households’ income, but reduction of income for rural households and especially for lower income groups is more than those for urban ones. The findings showed that terms of trade changes in favor of the agricultural sector, paving the way for investment in activities that increase scarce water resources productivity.

JEL Classification: C68, D58, P46, Q18, Q25, Q54

This descriptive and survey study aimed to identify educational needs of Fig growers in optimal water storage management in drought conditions. The target population in the study consisted all of the 4440 Fig growers in Estahban County. Using systematic randomized sampling method and Cochran formula, 350 Fig growers were selected as research samples. Data gathered through a questionnaire and its face validity was confirmed by investigation committee and researchers in Fig research center of Estahban. Reliability was determined by conducting a pilot study project and Cronbach's alpha coefficient for the main part of the questionnaire namely educational needs of Fig growers in optimal water storage management was 0.77. Data were analyzed using SPSS/Win19 software. The results showed that educational needs of Fig growers in optimal water storage management were soil texture amendment using sandy-clay soils, proper method of pruning and proper pruning time and determine the volume of any irrigation cycle. Also the correlation results showed that there was a significant correlation between variables such as education, participation in social activities, number refer to the Agricultural Service Center, attendance in extension classes, relationships with friends and neighbors and model farmers, Fig cultivation area, number meet with extension worker, the number of hours reading general newspapers during the day, the average age of the Fig trees, Fig garden distance to Agricultural Service Center, number of hours listening to the radio during the day and optimal water storage management. Also, the compare mean results showed that there is a significant difference between mean the amount of Fig grower’s information about optimal water storage management in terms of gender and main job. This study recommended continuing holding educational classes and attention to the provision of the necessary measures to more communicate and interact between Fig growers and experts and their benefit from expert advice with the centrality of optimal water storage management issue.

Climate change and water scarcity is the most important current and future challenge of Iran’s agriculture. Improving the resilience of climate depended socio-economic systems depends on understanding the climate change and it impacts. Therefore, the aim of this paper is to use available literature to develop a conceptual model to explain the link between climate change, poverty and vulnerability in developing countries including Iran. The conceptual model proposed by this study provides a clear and visual understanding of the processes involved. The phenomenon of climate change is happening and we will observe changes in average climatic conditions, climate variability, frequency and magnitude of extreme events such as heat stress, drought and flooding. The causal conditions of climate change are both natural and anthropogenic. The anthropogenic or human induced change is of great importance because they are responsible for unprecedented current and future climate change. Most predictive models indicate that the consequences of climate change for developing countries are increasing poverty and food insecurity. Historical analysis of Iran’s agricultural water resources indicated that the intrinsic sustainability of water resources has been lost and the country is facing water crisis. Farmers’ capacity for sustainable water management has reduced and it seems difficult for the waster system of the country to remain resilient. Population increase, decrease of per capita available water resources, reduction of possibility to increase cultivation area and increase in socioeconomic disparities will contribute to poverty and food insecurity. Therefore an integrated drought mitigation action plan is needed to improve the copying ability of agricultural socioeconomic systems of Iran.

The agriculture sector is the largest water consumer in arid and semi-arid areas. So water scarcity has an important effect on this section. Drought as one of the most important factors in making crisis in Zayanderud river basin (ZRB) has a deep effect on the agriculture sector. This study evaluates the drought effects on irrigation land and farmers profit on the east of ZRB by using SPI and CBA. The required data is collected by questionnaire and face-to-face interview with 140 farmers in the east of ZRB in 2013. At first we determined climatic scenarios by using Esfahan and Chadegan stations and SPI index during 1970-2012. After that the effects of wet, normal and dry scenarios are shown on streamflow and irrigation land. The results show that wheat, rice and safflower that depend highly on river, decrease on land area sequentially in scale of 68%, 92% and 51%. In addition the decrease of profit of these products are sequentially equal to 13858, 520 and 6103 million Tomans That should use increasing the productivity and irrigation efficiency utilizing ways such as farm tubing- that has lower cost and risk in relation to rain irrigation for farmers.

The country of Iran, with an average annual rainfall of less than one-third of the world average, is located in arid and semiarid regions and has always been prone to drought conditions and also is confronted every few years with it. The overall aim of this qualitative study, carried out by phenomenological method, was conducted to investigate the views of farmers and drought identifies behaviors in dealing with it. In this study, the rural society of Sarpol-e-zehab as most experienced drought, were chosen. Notified cases were identified using a snowball. Data from this study were collected using in-depth interviews and direct observation beside the use of photographs, internet and libraries. Data analysis was based on collaizzi pattern. Based on the results, farmer's perceptions of drought were different, as a kind of fatalism, some participants attributed the drought to God and others believed that climate change causes by drought. It was found that some of the participants introduced their behaviors drought agent. According to the farmers drought has been caused for their own behavior and their own abuse and cruelty to each other and theirattitude. Some other look at drought as a reflect of their bad chance. Therefore, it is recommended that measures be taken with classes the necessary training and provide training and transfer of knowledge to farmers about the causes and management of drought.

The present study aims to examine and analyze the extent of applying drought control measures by farmers of the country of Tarom Olia in Zanjan province. This was a descriptive correlational study conducted through survey method. The statistical population consisted of all farmers activating in Tarom Olya (N=12000) out of which 375 people were selected as samples. The proportionate stratified random sampling technique was used to reach the respondents. In order to measure the reliability of the main scale of the questionnaire, Cronbach's alpha procedure was used. The co-efficient was equal to 0.908 indicated an appropriate reliability of the tool of study. For the analysis of data, both the descriptive and inferential statistics methods were used in SPSS software. Data analyzing indicated that the respondents perceived the first three measures for drought control as follows: "the use of pipes for transferring water to farm," "The use of underground water resources" and "crop insurance against drought". In addition, there was significant positive correlation between the extent of applying drought control measures with workshop participation, taking part in training courses and extension visit. The study found that farmer’s abilities for drought control can be improved through educational programs.

Iran is constantly exposed to natural disasters such as floods، earthquakes and drought. In the meantime، drought is the major natural disaster which leads to numerous losses in agriculture and water resources، and this phenomenon is slow and creeping. Available evidence suggests that drought management is based on crisis management. As the present management in our country is based on crisis management، and drought-proneareasin thecountryhave become a society vulnerable to drought. So، the authorities require a new set of data for drought preparedness to deal with these challenges، in order to obtain the resources to be properly and effectively prioritized and reduce the effects of drought and its consequences. Undoubtedly، the starting point of vulnerability assessment and risk management is a prerequisite that has been sadly neglected in our country. In this context، the aim of this study is to determine the vulnerability of technical، economic and social vulnerability assessment determined before and after the drought and vulnerability patterns for wheat farmers in the North of Fars province.

The vulnerability of wheat farmers in the North of Fars province is determined using three methods. The first method measured ex ante vulnerability based on estimated income distributions، and the other identified ex post vulnerability according to farmers asset positions and drought coping strategy in the 1390 drought. The final section determined the patterns of vulnerability using cluster analysis and data mining. A sample of 203 farmers in three plains was selected for interview and collection of necessary farm level data for two years (1390 and 1391) was carried out. In this study، to assess the vulnerability of households in the North of Fars province against drought، the formula Me-bar and Valdez has been used. In North of Fars province، as many other fields، agriculture is the main source of income and income from agriculture is highly dependent on rainfall. The conditional mean and variance for each farmer household، were predicted using data on rainfall and farm household characteristics. In this study، to assess the vulnerability of wheat farmer households in the North of Fars province before the drought، the method used to estimate household income distribution is Kusunose.

Data for the wheat farmers in three fields Aspass، Namdan and Sedehwho constitute 86% of the Northern Province were collected through questionnaire and with a simple random multistage interview. Typically، ex ante vulnerability، using data on household consumption or expenditure data over time wasmeasured. Household consumption or costs reflect the income stream and the family’s coping capacity. It should be noted that the measurement of vulnerability to drought before (ex ante) is based on two assumptions of behavior and consumers’ income. After the drought، vulnerability criteria (ex post)، on the basis of income shocks caused by drought and household tools to tackle with the drought، were measured. The characteristics of households that are vulnerable according to the criteria based on the characteristics of vulnerable households are compared. Percent of irrigated lands are vulnerable households with vulnerable families، and it somehow reflects easier access to equipment and facilities are vulnerable households irrigation.

The results shows that if crops are the sole income source and have no consumption smoothing capability whatsoever، and consumption perfectly tracks income، over 32% of sampled farmers fall to the Southwest of the 60% vulnerability curve meaning that these farmers would fall under the poverty line ever 60% of the time. But only 10% of the sampled farmers would fall under poverty line over 60% of the time if we use the second income measure، the combined income from crops and off-farm sources. The results showed that factors such as unity of citizens and access to capital for agricultural inputs rank first and second in terms of vulnerability todrought. Also، by putting the dimensions of technical، economic and social vulnerability، this study extracted seven independent and distinct patterns of vulnerability. The comparison between the specifications of vulnerable and secure households during droughts shows policy for farmers who are vulnerable to drought before and after the drought، and policies to increase employment opportunities outside the farm. The findings of this study help policymakers shift from crisis management to risk management and design appropriate plans at sub-regional or farm level rather than national or regional levels.

Drought is one of the natural phenomena that occur in our country (Iran) every few years. As an important factor in the off farm management، drought insurance plays an important role in modulating the risk of drought. This research was studied in 2013 and it was trying to be evaluated potential demand for drought insurance. Thus، three climate regions included Kermanshah (rainfall zone)، Ghazvin (semi rainfall zone) and Sistan-o- baloochstan (dry zone) was selected in the country. Samples were selected from each zone by three-year statistics (2010-2013). The results showed that، there were demands for drought insurance in Kermanshah and Ghazvin in over 20 and 15 Percentage probabilities، respectively. It was also observed in Sistan baloochestan at all of the drought probability levels. As well as، animal husbandry، poultry، subsidy and off farm incomes act as a negative factors on demand of drought insurance.

The aim of this research is to examine individual and professional farmers capabilities concerning the extent of using the activities which would control the drought in Tafresh County. This research is of non- experimental type in terms of goal, function and possibility of controlling variables and from methodological point of view it is of the Descriptive and correlational type and from data processing point of view this research is correlation type. statistics society in the current research consists of the all farmers, who are around 9061 in number, in Tafresh County. According to Cochran’s Formula 300 farmers were estimated to be the research was the questionaires which were completed through personal interviews. The measure of durability used in the research together with general average amount were Cronbach Alpha 0.848 and the legitimacy of the questionaires were approved by guiding professors and advisors Islamic Azad University Garmsar Branch and Tehran University. The result of connectivity test proved that there were significant among the rate of applying operations in order to control drought with skill variables, levels of technical knowledge of farmers concerning the control of drought and age and experience of agricultural activities. and at the end the result of Regression multitude analysis showed that first the record of agricultural activities, second age of farmers and third the level of professional farmers and third the level of professional farmers capabilities were three major variables that had the greatest impact on the rate of applying operation so as to control drought