جستجوی مقالات مرتبط با کلیدواژه "social capital" در نشریات گروه "اقتصاد کشاورزی"

Water-based incidents are natural phenomena that have posed Iran to serious crises. Despite efforts to settle water crises and improve the conditions, we still witness a growing trend of water issues, especially in the agricultural sector in Iran. A necessary step to face water-based incidents and alleviate their implications is to have a deep understanding of resilience dimensions to enhance the tolerance level of the farmers. The present study evaluated farmers’ resilience level in the face of water-based crises in Harsin County. The research, which adopted a descriptive survey methodology, was conducted in 2020. The statistical population was composed of the heads of rural households in four rural districts of the county, amounting to about 6000 people. The sample size was determined to be 361 farmers based on Morgan’s table. The measurement instrument was a questionnaire whose validity was confirmed by a panel of experts and professionals and its reliability was confirmed for all sections as their Cronbach’s alpha was estimated at >0.8. SPSS was used for data analysis and Expert Choice was used for pairwise comparisons. Based on the results of the pairwise comparisons, infrastructural resilience to drought has the highest level of importance in the concept of resilience. According to the results of the study, the resilience level was evaluated to be relatively low in all studied rural districts, and the difference in the level of resilience among the studied villages is significant. Also, farmers with irrigated farming have a higher level of resilience than farmers with rainfed farming.

The collected information from the perspective of experts, key informants as well as research background was the basis for designing a new questionnaire using random sampling method and Cochran sampling method among 120 locals (villages of Qarabagh city of Ghazni province in Afghanistan). , completed. Findings showed that social capital through a complex and dynamic mechanism can determine the sustainable rural livelihood in a community so that the average income growth rate in the sample during the period 1390-1420 is equal to + 43.5% and with the improvement of income situation, Social justice and interest in economic activities in the village were predicted to grow. Also, the forecast results indicate that the average annual growth of social assets in the study area will be equal to + 1.65 percent.

 Organic agricultural products play an important role in the food basket of the community health development. Many researchers have proven that organic agricultural products are better and safer for human health, and unhealthy products are a threat for society. Increasing health problems and food-related diseases have made consumers to give more attention to these products purchase. There has been an increase in organic products popularity due to their health benefits and positive environmental impact.Shahdone store is one of the natural, complete and organic products stores in the country that serves online and in person with the aim of providing healthy, complete and natural raw materials. Healthy nutrition and modification of consumption pattern towards healthy, whole and natural products is one of the main goals of this collection. The focus of the company is on online sales and trust plays an important role in this type of purchase. To improve the business and introduction of this type of trades in Iran, word of mouth, especially electronic word of mouth, are very important and since this study examines the antecedents of intention to use electronic word of mouth in purchasing organic agricultural products at Shahdone, it will be beneficial for the company. The study focused on organic agricultural products, which are useful for the development of Shahdone and similar companies operating in the field of agriculture, to understand consumers' intentions and attitudes toward word of mouth. Also, for people in the community whose health is important, this research can be effective in promoting organic products. Therefore, the present study investigates the impact of social capital dimensions and trust on social media, attitude toward electronic word of mouth and intention to use electronic word of mouth in purchasing organic products.

The statistical population of this study consisted of all consumers of organic agricultural products in Shahdone stores, who used the products of this company during the collection of research data in February of 2018. The population was considered unlimited and 476 samples were selected using available sampling method. To collect data, a questionnaire containing 42 questions was designed by reviewing the literature on research variables. Also, two questions were compiled to measure demographic variables (education, gender). To measure and confirm the validity of the questionnaire, content validity, construct validity were examined. In order to evaluate the content validity, a number of questionnaires were distributed among university professors and premiers. Sensibility and comprehensibility of the questions and the appropriateness of the variables were examined. Experts opinions were used to improve questionnaire questions. For construct validity, factor analysis was used in the form of measurement model. Cronbach alpha coefficient was used to assess the reliability of the questionnaire. According Cronbach alpha coefficient, the questionnaire has a satisfactory reliability. SPSS and LISREL statistical software were used to analyses the research data and test hypotheses.

 The findings of this study showed that attitudes toward electronic word of mouth are influential on the intention to use electronic word of mouth in purchasing organic agricultural products, on the other hand, there are some antecedents before obtaining attitudes toward electronic word of mouth which include; social capital in social media and trust in social media.

 The results of the first and third hypotheses of the study indicate that voluntary social media participation has an impact on competency and behavioral stability, but the second hypothesis was not confirmed. Social media engagement when it comes to the sense of altruism and volunteering to give information, it gradually builds the ability to influence people, so having people on social media and through social media can impact others. The results of hypotheses fourth, fifth and sixth indicate that adherence to social commitments in social media affects the competence of influencers, the honesty of reputable people and their behavioral stability. People who are committed to social commitment, including indicators of doing the right thing, observing fairness, performing social duties, and a sense of responsibility to the community can help and influence others as a worthy person. Hypothesis seventh states that collaboration in social media affects its competence. The eighth and ninth hypotheses were not confirmed. People who help others, and have expertise in organic products, can play a vital role in people health. The results of the tenth and eleventh hypotheses of ethical-cultural interactions in social media influenced the competence and honesty of reputable people, but the twelfth hypothesis of ethical-cultural interactions in social media did not support behavioral stability. Expanding the culture of using healthy products will allow more people to participate in organic products. One of the problems with organic products is the exaggeration of the benefits of organic products, which should be minimized by cultural planning for these products. Hypothesis thirteenth states that common values in social media influence the competence of influencer and fourteenth and fifteenth hypotheses were not confirmed. Having commonalities and closeness of ideas makes others more important to people. When people are close to each other, they are more concerned about others and try to pay more attention to the consequences of their suggestions. The results of hypotheses sixteenth, seventeenth, and eighteenth indicate that influential competence, honesty of reputable people, and respect for behavioral stability in social media influence attitudes toward electronic word of mouth. Hypothesis nineteenth states that attitude towards electronic word of mouth influenced intention to use electronic word of mouth in purchasing organic agricultural products, this hypothesis was confirmed. The emerging attitude towards electronic word of mouth led to intention to use electronic word of mouth. Organic farming, or acceptance of information by the individual, before purchase.

Today, the factors that affect the new product development process are very important. One of these factors is social capital, which enables the organization to quickly access, with appropriate timing, a diverse set of information to develop new products. The purpose of this study is to investigate the effect of social capital on new product development with the mediating role of knowledge management. This research is applied in terms of purpose and in terms of nature and method, descriptive-analytical and correlational. The statistical population of the study was 197 managers of all knowledge-based companies in Mazandaran province. The sample size was determined to be 132 according to Krejcie and Morgan table and a simple random method was used for sampling. Data analysis was performed by structural equation method with Smart pls2 software. The results showed that social capital has a positive and significant effect on knowledge management. Knowledge management has a positive and significant effect on new product development. Social capital has a positive and significant effect on new product development. The findings also confirmed the mediating role of knowledge management in the relationship between social capital and new product development. Managers of knowledge-based companies consider it important to improve the performance of new product development in order to survive in a competitive environment, so the use of social capital and knowledge management is essential to improve new product development and stay in the market.

Water is one of the most important and vital factors in the life of living organisms. In this regard, prevention of water pollution is equally important and important. Water contaminating agents are very diverse and can pollute both groundwater and surface water. The main of this paper is to investigate the effect of social capital and human capital on water pollution in Iranian provinces during the period of 1396-1386. In this regard, using fuzzy logic of social capital was estimated in each province of the country and resulted showed large difference between provinces, then according to the dynamism of the model, the method of generalized moments was used. The results showed that social capital and human capital had a negative and significant effect on water pollution. Water contamination of the previous period, industrialization, economic growth and urbanization have had a positive and significant impact on water pollution in Iran's provinces. Also, the use of chemical fertilizer in agricultural land also has a positive and significant impact on water pollution.

Medicinal plants have a long history with human beings and are considered as one of the export items of the agricultural sector and one of the main sources of meeting human food and medicine needs. The purpose of this study is to investigate the role of social capital and professional capabilities in the development of medicinal plants as an innovation in agriculture sector. The present quantitative research in terms of purpose is applied research in which the fieldwork (survey) method was used. The statistical population of the study included all farmers in Zanjan province. A total of 389 people were selected as the statistical sample and data was collected using a questionnaire. Data analysis was performed using SPSS24 and AMOS24 software. The results showed a positive and significant relationship between the communication, cognitive and structural dimensions of social capital with the development of medicinal plants. Also, the results showed that the total indirect effect of communication and cognitive dimension of social capital on the development of medicinal plants in Zanjan province is positive and significant through the professional capabilities of farmers; while the indirect effect of the structural dimension of social capital was not significant. Among the suggestions of this research is launching courses and holding short-term courses by active educational centers in the province.

Social capital as a qualitative factor of production is a tool to improve efficiency and productivity of farmers. One ways to achieve development is pay attention to social capital and empowerment and inform farmers by strengthening the various dimensions of this type of capital. Pistachio as a green gold has an important role in the agricultural sector of Sirjan. One of the biggest problems for pistachio farmers is the severe limitation of water resources. However, many farmers use the traditional method of irrigation. In this study, 285 pistachio farmers in Sirjan city were selected based on Cochran's formula. Then, they divided into 2 groups based on the type of irrigation method (traditional or modern). After that, different dimensions of social capital were evaluated based on Putnum (2000) and in the presence of this factor, the efficiency of water input was calculated. In addition, using the Tobit model, the factors affecting water efficiency and using the logit model, the factors affecting the adoption of new irrigation technology with emphasis on the role of social capital were studied. Data were collected using a questionnaire in 2018-19. According to the results, the social capital index in both groups was evaluated based on the dimensions of trust and norms and social cohesion at a medium level and in terms of participation and social networks at a low level. The average water efficiency (CRS) with and without social capital among farmers who use traditional irrigation methods were 31% and 27%, respectively. These values in the group of farmers who use new methods of irrigation were determined 67% and 58%, respectively. In addition, it was found that the variables of participation in water saving programs, education, social capital, water price and type of irrigation have a positive effect on water technical efficiency. The variables of access to bank credit, income, social capital and water price had the most positive effect on the acceptance of new irrigation by farmers. It is recommended that by consolidating the savings of small farmers and integrating orchards through agricultural cooperatives and water user associations, which are the most important sources of formation and strengthening social capital among farmers, steps can be taken to increase water efficiency and expand the use of modern irrigation system.

Today, entrepreneurship plays an important role in achieving economic development in cities, and provides favorable conditions for urban management through the implementation of economic development strategy. This study was conducted aimed to investigate the relationship between social capital and entrepreneurship orientation with the mediating role of cultural intelligence in Isfahan Municipality. This study was an applied study in terms of the purpose and has been conducted through descriptive-survey method. The statistical population of the study was all administrative staff that was 200 people. The sample size was 127 people according to Krejcie and Morgan Table, but to increase the accuracy, it was increased to 132 people and simple random sampling method was used. Data collection tools were three standard modified questionnaires of social capital, tendency to entrepreneurship and cultural intelligence. Data analysis was performed in the descriptive part with frequency, mean, standard deviation and variance tests with SPSS26 software and in the inferential part; it was performed with structural equation modeling with Smart PLS3 software. The results of data analysis showed that there was a positive and significant relationship between social capital and cultural intelligence. There was a positive and significant relationship between cultural intelligence and entrepreneurship orientation. There was a positive and significant relationship between social capital and entrepreneurship orientation. The results also confirmed the mediating role of cultural intelligence in the relationship between social capital and entrepreneurship. Finally, it was found that strengthening the components of social capital and cultural intelligence is important to improve entrepreneurship in municipalities.

The results of binary logistic regression showed that the factors of education, distance to the center of agricultural services, number of products, self-efficacy, risk-taking and Family social capital were factors affecting job and income diversification. Also, marital status, education, membership in a cooperative, the intention to water conservation, social risk perception, self-efficacy, risk-taking, environmental attitudes, Community engagement, and the Family linkage have been affected on extra water purchase. marital status, environmental risk perception, risk salient, responsibility, work trust, and the family linkage were factors affecting water channels repair and variables of the number of products, intention to water conservation, risk-taking, trust, and Community Engagement have been affected on the use of unconventional water resources are abnormal. age, cooperative membership, intention to water conservation, environmental risk perception, economic risk perception, environmental risk perception, self-efficacy, risk salient, informal association (with friends and family), work trust and institutional trust have been effective on the cultivation of early-stage crops.

Almost all rural communities in Iran are exclusively engaged with agriculture, therefore farming remains the largest source of income for them. Agriculture can be a major driver of growth for the Iranian economy. Therefore, increasing factor productivity in the agricultural sector is essential and by growing population rate, the need to invent more productive systems is highlighted. In this regards, smallholder agriculture, which is marked by low productivity should be transformed into agribusiness corporations which could foster the income and productivity of enterprises. Regarding the effective role of agribusiness corporations in enhancing agricultural productivity, and providing livelihoods and employment in rural communities, this study aimed at investigating the impact of location decision, social and human capital factors on the longevity of an agribusiness corporation called Khezri Agribusiness Corporation located in Khezri Township from Sothern Khorasan province. The reason for choosing Khezri Corporation as the case study was that according to surveys, this corporation has been one of the most successful agricultural associations for many years and has been able to create job opportunities to stop migration towards big cities. To the best of our knowledge, this paper is the first attempt to expendably investigate the factors affecting the continuity of an agribusiness corporation in Iran.

In order to achieve the objectives of the research, a well-structured questionnaire has been designed according to the literature review and using the opinions of university professors and experts of Khezri Agricultural Corporation. In this study, location factors, social capital and human capital are three main structures that are assessed by providing the information extracted from the questionnaire, and then, the impact of each structure on the continuity of the corporation's activity has been investigated based on indexing method. Each of the structures consists of different dimensions, and each dimension is measured by a number of items or questions using a Likert spectrum. Simple random sampling procedure was used to obtain the size of sample. At the end, the sample size was estimated at 45. Applying a systematic random sampling technique, the respondents were selected and the final questionnaire was distributed among them. At the primary analysis, 15 questionnaires were excluded from the analysis due to the large size of missing information. A total of 30 questionnaires were selected for further analysis. It is worth noting that in most cases, the questionnaires were tried to be completed in the form of interviews to increase the accuracy of the work.

Study findings suggest that location, social and human capital factors are at a high level of importance in the studied corporation. From the viewpoint of respondents, social capital had the greatest impact on the longevity of the corporation, followed by location and human capital. Furthermore, the communication dimension in social capital, the infrastructure factors in the location decision and the non-cognitive abilities in the human capital have been identified as the most influential components on the longevity of Khezri Agricultural Company's activities. Among the infrastructural factors, the criterion of "existence of basic resources" such as water wells, aqueducts, qanats, underground aquifers, etc. is the most effective criterion. According to 93.3% of respondents, this factor has a moderate to high impact on the corporation's location.

We recommend effective communication and planning in improvement of communication between organizational units and communication between managers and employees needs to be strengthened. Internalization of the organization's vision, mission, and goals, implementing a goal-based management plan, and applying the suggestion system in the organization and investing in formal and organized training are recommended as well to sustain the agribusiness corporations. It must be noted that given that the findings of this study are largely in line with the research background, its recommendations are expected to be applicable to the other agricultural business corporations in Iran. In addition, as we formerly discussed in the introduction of this paper,despite the benefits of agricultural corporations, few of these companies are currently active in the country. Therefore, analysis of factors affecting farmers’ decision to be involved in establishing agribusiness corporations should be the subject of future research.

The main purpose of this research is Investigating the effect of social capital on the performance of WUAs in Lorestan province. This is applied research. The statistical population included all farmers in Lorestan province (N = 1978). 265 farmers were selected by Cochran's formula. The research tool was a questionnaire that examined farmers 'participation, farmers' social capital, and the performance of WUAs. The results of this study showed that the performance of these organizations has been successful in reducing disputes between farmers and fair distribution of water as well as security for the timely delivery of water. The results showed that in the "structural dimension" the highest scores were as follows:"Participation in decision-making and member relationships and managerial responsibility".Also in the "dimension of cognition", the highest score was as follows:"Components of Behavior, Trust and Value". It was also found that participation has a direct role in influencing the performance of WUAs and these components account for 76.2% of the variance of the dependent variable.

Social capital is one of the important organizational capabilities and assets that can contribute to generate new ideas and develop entrepreneurial activities in organizations and to make sustainable organizational advantage for them. The main purpose of this descriptive- correlative research was to study the effect of social capital on organizational entrepreneurship of the Agriculture Jihad Organization in Kermanshah Township. The statistical population of the study consisted of experts of the Agriculture Jihad Organization in Kermanshah Township (N=200). According to the Krejcie and Morgan table, a sample size of 132 was selected using a stratified random sampling method. In order to collect study data, two standard questionnaires including social capital scale (Nahapiet & Goshal, 1998) and organizational entrepreneurship (Scipers, Hogg and Bloom, 2008) were used that the average variance index (AVE) and Composite Reliability (CR) and Cronbach's alpha coefficient were used to determine the construct validity and reliability of questionnaires, respectively. The collected data were analyzed by structural equation standardization technique through AMOS software. Based on the findings, social capital had a positive and significant effect on organizational entrepreneurship in the Agricultural Jihad Organization of Kermanshah. Thus, cognitive, relational and structural capitals have a significant effect on organizational entrepreneurship, respectively, and explain 63 percent of the variance changes it.

Social capital has become increasingly important in recent decades due to its benefits to various companies and organizations. In this regard, the present study was conducted to analyze the situation of social capital among women entrepreneurs, members of rural micro-credit funds in Kermanshah. The statistical population of this study was 626, all rural women entrepreneurs who are the members of micro-credit funds in Kermanshah. The sample size was determined as 201 by using the table of Bartlett et al. (2001) and selected by stratified random sampling method with proportional assignment for the study. For data collection, the standard Nahapit and Ghoshal (1998) questionnaire was used in the form of three dimensions of structural, relational and cognitive. This questionnaire had 21 items that were modified according to the field of study. SPSS software was used to analyze the collected data. The results showed that more than half of rural women members of rural micro-credit funds in Kermanshah were in the good level in all three dimensions of social capital. From this finding, it can be inferred that the situation of social capital in the studied society is at a relatively good level. However, in relation to these three dimensions, the cognitive dimension was in a weaker position compared to the other two dimensions.

The main purpose of this descriptive- correlative research was to study the effect of social capital on knowledge management using Structural Equations Modeling (SEM). The statistical population of the study consisted of 272 experts of the Agriculture Jihad organization in Alborz province. According to the Krejcie & Morgan table, a sample size of 213 was selected using a stratified random sampling method. The standard questionnaires were used to collect the data. The content validity of the questionnaire was confirmed by a panel of experts. The construct validity and the composite reliability of the research instrument were tested by estimating the measurement model and they were satisfied after making necessary corrections. The data were analyzed using Structural Equation Modeling multivariate technique. The results showed that social capital had a positive and significant effect on dependent variable. All in all, social capital explained about 61 percent of the variances of knowledge management in the Agriculture Jihad organization of Alborz province. Based on the findings, it could be concluded that improving social capital directly results in reinforcing knowledge management in the Agriculture Jihad organization.

Identifying the factors affecting job performance has always been one of the concerns of researchers. Accordingly, the main purpose of this study was to investigate the relationships among social capital, job motivation, and job performance with the mediating role of organizational commitment. The statistical population of this research consisted of 635 agricultural experts of the Jihad-e- Agriculture organization in Hamedan Province (N=365). According to Cochran's formula, a sample of 242 experts was chosen through random stratified sampling method. Data was collected using four standardized self-administered scales including social capital scale (Carmeli et al., 2009), job motivation scale (Amabile et al., 1994), organizational commitment scale (Allen & Meyer, 1990) and job performance scale (Patterson, 1992). The reliability of the questionnaire was confirmed using Cronbach’s alpha coefficient (0.94≥α≥0.64). Data were then analyzed using partial least squares structural equation modelling by the help of SmartPLS 3 software. Results indicated that organizational commitment was significantly related to job performance and it also mediated the social capital-job performance and job motivation-job performance relationships. Drawing on the findings, it can be stated that the improvement of employees’ commitment through factors such as social capital and job motivation, can improve their job performance.

Since the nature of cooperatives is based on collective action, the way we look for and manage innovations to enhance these entities should also be collective. Collective Innovation is a suitable approach to deal with current problems of the value chain in the Agricultural Production Cooperatives. This applied research was carried out using a survey research method. The statistical population of this research consisted of all members (shareholders) of the 13 agricultural production cooperatives in the Kurdistan province (N=3500), of which 346 were selected using a cluster sampling technique. A researcher-made questionnaire was used to collect data. The validity of the questionnaire was determined based on expert's view and reliability was confirmed based on Cronbach's alpha coefficient for different scales (from 0.853 to 0.932). According to research findings, main collective innovations in the several components of value chain was described, including (1) New crop cultivation,(2) The use of new inputs, (3) The use of new planting techniques and techniques, (4) Use of resources and assets, (5) Human resource development,(6) Packing products, (7) Product processing, (8) Grading products, (9) Labeling in the form of a specific brand, (10) Development of a reliable distribution network for the supply of the product to the market, (11) Formation of capital and financing, (12) Development of new infrastructure for the production and supply of the product, (13) Purchase of new machinery and equipment, (14) Risk management, (15) Coherent interactions with partners, (16) Advertising on products and capacities of the cooperative, (17) Customer Relationship, (18) the use of new communication and Internet technologies.

Given to the importance of employability as an indicator of higher education quality and social capital as a key factor for this system efficiency, examining the relationship of these variables is necessary. Thus, the main purpose of this study was to investigate the role of social capital dimensions in employability of agricultural students of agricultural and natural resources University College, university of Tehran. The statistical population of this research was consisted of all agricultural majors’ senior and junior students of agricultural and natural resources university college, university of Tehran (N=715). The sample size was calculated by Cochran formula (n=190) accessed through proportional stratified random sampling method. Data were collected by a questionnaire including demographic characteristics and two main variables i.e. employability and social capital. In order to investigate the validity, reliability, fitness of latent variables and test of conceptual model, structural equation modeling (SEM) with LISREL8.80 software was used. Results of confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) confirmed the validity and reliability latent variables. Results of structural equation modeling showed that five dimensions of social capital i.e. Social values, Social trust, Social networks, Social cohesiveness, Social participation, Sharing knowledge, Social Communication had positive significant effect on the employability of surveyed students.

Empirical works attention to economic growth sources resulted in introduction of different types of capital. Recently, social and environmental capital has been considered. Regarding the issue the objective of this study is to analysis contribution of different types of capital to the Iranian economy growth. To get the objective, neoclassical growth model as well as data for 1974-2010 was applied. Capital includes physical, human, social and environmental capital. Environmental capital is considered as damage cost of CO2 emissions. Internet access and phone access were used as proxies for social capital. Also, literacy rate, primary school enrolment rate and university student were applied as proxies for human capital. It was also assumed that technology is embodied in physical stock in addition to its accompaniment with labor. The results showed that physical capital accounts for the highest contribution to Iranian economy growth with return of 0.3-0.4. However an insignificant role was left for human and environmental capital. Social capital contribution was found, to some extent, acceptable and positive as it its contribution is as one-third to one-forth as that of physical capital.

Today, social justice is one of the most important challenges for scholars in field of humanities. Necessary component for achieving social justice through development of social entrepreneurship are elimination of inequalities, discrimination and illegality. Social entrepreneurs try to use innovative strategies, mobilize resources and have effective communication for creating a suitable platform in order to resolve the social problems. They tried to change normal rules in business environment and achieve sustainable economics development through resolving the social problems. Social entrepreneurs identify social and economic opportunities for creating and strengthen social institutions and try to empowerment of the vulnerable people and minimize the differences welfare levels in society. The results of this study show social entrepreneurial activity have been formed and strengthen the social institutions. Due to the society nature of these institutions, they have high level of social capital. Social capital of these institutions improves their performance in solving the social problems and highlights their role in achieving social justice. Hence we can say that social entrepreneurs are the engine of social and economic sustainable development and have an important role in solving social problems and achieving social justice.