جستجوی مقالات مرتبط با کلیدواژه "بافت" در نشریات گروه "زراعت"

Since harvested horticultural products are highly perishable, those techniques should be used to increase their shelf life for their use in all seasons and their export. The effects of the encapsulation of Satureja bachtiarica essential oil with chitosan on the sensory and qualitative characteristics of pomegranate arils are studied in an experiment based on a completely randomized design with eight treatments including different w/w ratios of S. bachtiarica essential oil to chitosan (1:1, 1:2, and 1:3) at two spray levels of S. bachtiarica essential oil (0.3 and 0.6), and a pre-treatment and a post-treatment control, with three replications in the research laboratory of Shahrekord University in 2020-2021. Arils treated with the chitosan: essential oil ratio of 1-0.6 exhibit the best appearance and those treated with 2-0.3 and 3-0.3 exhibit the best taste. Based on the results, the diameter of the antimicrobial halo related to the fungus has been 2 mm in the essential oil treatment and 5.5 mm in the essential oil: chitosan ratio of 1:2. The highest encapsulation efficiency and the smallest particle size pertain to the treatment of 1:2. The ratio of 1:3 show higher efficiency than the ratio of 1:1 (55.1% versus 51.2%). The lowest zeta potential is obtained from the 1:3 ratio and the highest from the 1:1 ratio. Coating pomegranate arils and selecting an appropriate concentration of S. bachtiarica with chitosan coating (1-0.3 and 2-0.3) can significantly contribute to preserving the shelf life, marketability, and nutritional quality of pomegranate arils.

In order to evaluate the yield and nutrient accumulation in different cultivars of rapeseed under the effect of azotobacter in irrigation conditions, a factorial split experiment based on randomized complete blocks design with four replications was conducted in Khorramabad agricultural research station in 2016-2017. Experimental factors included the withholding irrigation from 30% flowering and 30% pod forming, and normal irrigation (control) as the main plot and inoculation of  Neptune, Oktane and Okapi rapeseed cultivar seeds with azotobacter strains (63, 70) and non inoculation (control)as subplots. The results showed that the irrigation regimes had a significant effect on grain yield and the accumulation of nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, calcium, magnesium, and manganese in shoot and seeds. The effect of azotobacter was significant on all nutrients (except magnesium) uptake in green tissue and seeds. The interaction effects of irrigation regime, bacteria and cultivar were significant on phosphorus, potassium, magnesium, manganese, and zinc levels in shoot and grain. Maximum grain yield was obtained from optimal irrigation treatment with 4559 kg.ha-1. It was found that Oktane and Neptune cultivars with 4584 and 4290 kg grain.ha-1were superior compared to okapi cultivar. With regards to the positive effect of potassium concentration and inoculation of rapeseed seeds with azotobacter due to its solubilizing properties, increasing the application of potassium in soil and seed inoculation can moderate the negative effects of stress and improve grain yield in rapeseed.

Increased drought to maintain the water potential in plant causes a reduction in diameter of Xylem vascular bundles (Majd et al., 2009). Xylem vascular bundles area decreases in different conditions leading to water stress in order to improve irrigation efficiency and to maintain plant water potential (Limouchi & Farahvash, 2014). Stresses can decrease vascular bundles area and diameter to improve water use efficiency and to reduce transpiration, while these traits are positively and significantly correlated to grain yield (Limouchi, et al., 2013). Water shortage for rice leads to a reduction in the value of anatomical traits effective in water retention and movement such as vascular bundles to maintain the amount of water in rice (Dawood, 2016). This study aimed to identify the tolerance and sensitivity mechanisms to drought in different irrigation intervals in order to increase grain yield by examining changes in anatomical characteristics of leaf stamen.

This study was performed by split-split plots using randomized complete block design with three replications in Khuzestan province with the aim of determining the best Planting pattern and Hormone Treatment of rice cultivation in two years (2018 and 2019). Three planting methods (planting drying, planting seedlings, planting direct or common), 16 different levels of auxin and salicylic acid hormones in the form of seed priming and different leaf spray treatments with 1 and 2 liters per hectare and different spraying times in the tillering stages and The appearance of panicle on different rice genotypes was investigated.

The combined analysis results showed that in addition to the interaction effect of planting method in hormone traits, the level of large vascular bundles in other cases, the main and interaction effects of traits, there is a significant difference in the level of probability of one percent. The highest level of vascular groups in seedling cultivation was obtained due to optimal management and priming with auxin and salicylic acid due to the greatest effect on the plant. Also, the level of these traits was lower in genotypes with higher resistance, which can be one of the main mechanisms of the plant in terms of increasing adaptability and maintaining more water potential within the plant under stress conditions. Finally, the highest levels of large and small vascular panicle with mean 12348 and 1928.792 micrometers were obtained in IR 80508-B-194-3-B genotypes and red spider in the said treatments, respectively. The surface of large vascular bundles had the highest positive and significant correlation (0.124**) with grain yield in terms of its high level in water and food transfer. The obtained results can be one of the main goals in breeding research and modification of cultivars with higher resistance to salinity conditions under the influence of different hormonal treatments and planting patterns.

The results of this study showed that an increase in Hormone and irrigation intervals and thus increased drought had reduced vascular bundles area, which can be a mechanism to maintain water and cells turgidity pressure.Keywords: salinity stress, Rice, Vascular, Planting pattern, Hormone, Priming, Leaf.References:Dawood, M.G. 2016. Influence of osmoregulators on plant tolerance to water stress. Scientia Agriculturae, 13 (1): 42-58. Limouchi, K. 2013. Effect of Different Planting Dates on the Anatomy of the Flag Leaf and Grain Yield of Rice Varieties in the Khuzestan Region, Iran. International Journal of Biology, 2 (2): 19-27. (in Persian with English abstract).Limouchi, K., and Farahvash, F. 2014. Effect of different planting dates on anatomy of the peduncle and grain yield of rice varieties in the north Khuzestan region. India Journal of Sciences Research and Technoloji, 2 (2): 99-103. (in Persian with English abstract).Majd, A., Jonobi, P., and Zanipour, M. 2009. Effects of drought stress on anatomical structure of the sunflower plant. Developmental Biology, 1 (4): 11-24.

Nowadays, establishment and maintenance of turfgrasses due to high water requirements was faced with serious doubts. Hence, screening of drought resistance native grasses, and introduces them as turfgrass is not only effective in reduction of water usage but can also preserve plant gene pools of the country. In the present experiment, Wheat grass and Bromus as two native grasses were compared with perennial ryegrass as control. After establishment and coverage of the pots surfaces by turfgrass in outdoor, three mowing heights including 2, 4 and 6 cm were applied on the species weekly. During the experiment, shoot growth, tillering, leaf color and leaf width, fresh and dry weight were measured weekly. The results of this research showed that Bromus due to undesirable tissue (leaf width more than 3 mm) and low density is not suitable for use in landscape. Wheat grass despite of rougher texture and less color than perennial ryegrass, has higher tillering, suitable color (7.59) and good texture (leaf width about 2 mm). Also, mowing height of 2 cm was determined as the best for three species studied.

Due to problems in storage, transportation and price fluctuation of fresh potato, production of ready-to-use products like French fries is of particular importance. French fries quality mainly depends on the appearance, taste, color, texture and oil uptake. One of the important steps in product processing is blanching. This step improves product texture and color due to the decrease in reducing sugar content, and causes reduction of oil uptake due to the gelatinization of surface starch. Therefore, by selecting a suitable method and condition, the improvement of product quality is possible. In order to investigate the effect of blanching temperature on kinetic of the reducing sugar content and changes in potato stick color and texture, sticks with 0.8 0.8 8 cm dimensions were prepared and blanching was carried out with hot water at different temperatures (60, 70, 80 and 90°C) and various times up to 120 minutes. Color, texture and reducing sugar content of samples were measured during blanching. The results showed that reducing sugar content was reduced during the blanching as a function of temperature and time. Also, product color and texture were mainly affected by blanching temperature, with the low temperature being more suitable to improve potato stick quality. According to the results, there was no significant difference between blanching at 80, 90°C and 60°C for reducing sugar content. Also, for this parameter, there was no significant difference between times of 100 and 5 minutes at 60°C. The least texture damage was obtained by blanching at 60°C in a short time. It could be concluded that to preserve potato stick color and texture and reduce energy consumption, blanching can be done at 60°C for 5 minutes if enzymes are inactivated.