جستجوی مقالات مرتبط با کلیدواژه « درصد روغن دانه » در نشریات گروه « زراعت »

Since there is no information available regarding crop management, including proper planting arrangement and optimal planting density, of the imported shattering tolerant sesame genotypes, field experiments were carried out in research fields of Seed and Plant Improvement Institute, Karaj, and Khorasan Razavi Agricultural and Natural Resources Research Center, Mashhad, Iran, in 2019 and 2020. The effect of experimental factors including; 30, 45 and 60 cm inter row spacing, and 5, 8, 11 and 14 cm intra row spacing were evaluated as split blocks (strips) arrangements in randomized complete block design with three replications. The results showed that there was reduction in number of sub-branches in both locations due to reduction in inter row spacing and intra row spacing. On the other hand, the reduction in plant density m-2 increased the number of capsules plant-1 and seed number capsule-1. The highest seed yield (1342 and 604 kg ha-1 in Karaj and Mashhad, respectively) obtained from the 45 × 8 and 45 × 11 planting arrangement in Karaj and Mashhad, respectively. Generally, the results indicated that there is an optimal planting arrangement and planting density for each location. Therefore, due to increased competition between plants in high plant density and lack of proper utilization of resources in low plant density, it would not be possible to attain the highest yield potential of shattering tolerant sesame genotype in high and low plant density.

The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of early and late season drought stress on autumn sown safflower genotypes in marginal and saline soils around Lake Urmia in East Azarbaijan in Iran. A filed experiment was carried out as split-plot arrangements in randomized complete block design with three replications at Khosroshah agricultural research field station, East Azarbaijan agriculture and natural resources research and education center, Tabriz, Iran, in 2019-20 and 2020-21 cropping seasons. Experimental factors included: drought stress levels (non-stress, drought stress in rosette stage and drought stress in seed filling stage) and safflower genotypes (cv. Padideh, cv. Golemehr, cv. Parnian, and Mexico14 and Mexico248 promising lines). The irrigation (water with EC = 4.2 ds m-1) of non-stressed plots was applied at the 80 mm and stressed plots at 180 mm evaporation from the Class A evaporation pan. The results showed that the effect of drought stress in the rosette stage on seed and oil yield was not significant. However, drought stress in the seed filling stage significantly decreased the seed no. head-1 by 17%, 1000-seed weight by 7%, and seed and oil yield by 48% and 51%, respectively. Therefore, application of irrigation in seed filling stage of safflower crop is necessary. The effect of drought stress on leaf relative water content and canopy temperature indices was significant, and these two indices were suitable for evaluation of drought sterss effect on safflower genotypes. It was concluded that cv. Padideh, cv. Golemehr, and Mexico248 promising line with 1983, 1979 and 2087 kg h-1 seed yield, respectively, under drought stress conditions in the seed filling stage, were adapted and suitable for being grown under late season drought stress in marginal and saline soils around Lake Urmia.

In order to investigate the quantitative and qualitative response of three sesame cultivars (Sesamum indicum L.) to different irrigation and fertilizer treatments, an experiment was conducted in the research farm of Karaj Seed and Plant Breeding Institute during 2016 and 2017. The experiment was performed as split-factorial plots in a randomized complete block design with three replications. Irrigation treatments at two levels including low irrigation regime (irrigation after 80% of usable soil moisture) and full irrigation (irrigation after 40% of usable soil moisture) in main and factorial plots with different amounts of nitrogen (0, 60 and 120 kg N ha-1) and sesame cultivars (Oltan, Dashtestan 2 and Naz single-branched) were placed in subplots. The results showed that in full irrigation conditions, application of 120 kg N ha-1 increased sesame seed yield by 83% compared to non-application. In contrast, this increase in yield in response to the application of nitrogen in low irrigation treatment was 40%. In general, the results showed that in full irrigation treatment, the use of nitrogen fertilizer for all three cultivars can be justified. Maximum grain yield was obtained in Oltan (1106 kg ha-1), Dashtestan 2 (1012 kg ha-1) and Naz single-branched (634 kg ha-1) cultivars with 115, 117 and 100 kg N ha-1, respectively. In contrast, in conditions of low irrigation, in none of the cultivars, grain yield higher than 500 kg N ha-1 was not achieved even with high amounts of nitrogen (60 and 120 kg N ha-1).

To evaluate response of seed yield, oil content and oil yield of eight safflower (Carthamus tinctorius L.) cultivars; Goldashat, Parnian, Padideh, Golmehr, Sofeh, Mexico 6, Faraman and Mexico 13 to saline irrigation water (5.5-6.0 ds m-1) using randomized complete block design with three replications in Zahak agricultural research station, Iran, in 2014 and 2015 cropping seasons. Combined analysis of variance showed that there was significant (P < 0.01) differences between safflower cultivars for all traits. The highest seed yield belonged to cv. Goldashat, cv. Parnian and Faraman with mean of 2753, 2407 and 2326 kg ha-1, respectively. The highest oil content belonged to cv. Faraman and cv. Mexico 13, respectively. The seeds no. head-1 (r = 0.64**), 1000 seed weight (r = 0.60**), and oil yield (r = 0.91**) had strong significant positive correlation with seed yield. Goldasht had the highest seed no. head-1, 1000 seeds weight and highest seed yield in comparison with other cultivars. Therefore, cv. Goldasht was identified as a suitable safflower cultivar for being grown under saline irrigation water conditions in Sistan region.

Peanut is one of the most important oilseed plants with indeterminate growth habit, its flowering continue at about 60 to 70 days after emergence, and then flower development will begin to decline. Peanut seed and meal contains a range of 40-50% oil and 30-50% protein on a dry seed basis. A suitable planting method and distance between plant rows can improve photosynthetic process and enhance quantitative and qualitative yield in peanut seed. In the present study, we evaluated the influence of row distance between peanut plant rows and transplanting and sowing method on seed yield and physiological characteristics of peanut new lines under Guilan climatic condition.

In order to evaluate the effect of row distance and planting method effects on important physiological peanut traits includings of plant height, number of second branch per plant, grain yield, number of pods per plant, 100-grain weight, grain number per pod, dry forage yield, biological yield, grain oil and protein content and harvest index in peanut (NC2), two experiments carried out in 2017 and 2018 cropping seasons as split plot based on randomized complete block design with three replications in Rasht (49º 57´ N; 37º 26´ E, and 10 m above sea level), Iran. Three row distances (40, 50 and 60 cm) and two planting methods (transplanting and sowing) comprised experimental treatments as main and sub plots, respectively.

Results showed that the interaction effect between row distances and planting method was significant on some agronomic characteristics such as plant height, number of second branch per plant, grain yield, number of pods per plant, 100-grain weight, grain number per pod, dry forage yield, biological yield and harvest index. Based on the results of this experiment, the transplanting method of peanut plants caused it to accelerate the initial stage of flowering. Maximum grain yield (2978 kg ha-1), number of pods per plant (56.65), dry forage yield (4698 kg ha-1), biological yield (9924 kg ha-1) and harvest index (30.02 %) were obtained at 40 cm row distance and transplanting method. Also, the highest grain number per pod (1.33) was obtained at 60 cm row distance and transplanting method. Maximum 100-grain weight (57.05 g) was observed at 50 cm row distance and sowing method. The results indicated that peanut grain yield enhanced in response to decreasing of planting row distance and transplanting method which could be due to improved solar radiance absorption, enhanced of photosynthetic capacity and optimized uses of unit area. Based on the results of this experiment, 40 cm distance between peanut plant rows and transplanting method could be recommendable to enhance peanut seed yield under the region climatic condition.

The present research was done to evaluate the response of seed and oil yields and its components of some rapeseed genotypes at saline areas of Tabriz plain and to select promising lines. The experiment was carried out at the Khosroshah Station of East Azarbaijan Agriculture and Natural Resources Research and Education Center with saline soil (EC of soil and water were 6.7 and 3.2 dS m-1 respectively), during cropping season of 2017-18. The experiment was conducted as randomized complete blocks design with 38 rapeseed genotypes and three replications. Among the genotypes under study significant differences were observed in plant height, seed yield and its components, oil percent, seed and oil yields. The results indicated that WRL-96-01 produced highest silique number per plant (123), seed number per silique (30.3), 1000 seeds weight (3.4 g), seed (3268 kg.ha-1) and oil (1526 kg.ha-1) yields respectively. Comnly used varieties in the area like Okapi and Nima produced lower seed and oil yields under this experiment conditions. Significant and positive correlations were seen among the seed yield and its components, oil yields and also between oil yield with oil percent and seed yield. These results indicate that genotyps under study produced proper seed and oil yields under saline condition. By cluster analysis with ward method, 20 genotypes with higher seed and oil yields, located in one group as promising lines. It seems that these genotypes could be used for future evaluation in saline areas of Tabriz plain and areas with similar climate.

To investigate the effect of vermicompost fertilizer application on physiological characteristics of rapeseed (Brassica napus L.) genotypes in different sowing dates, an experiment was conducted using randomized complete block design arranged in factorial split plot with three replicates. The factorial combination of two sowing dates 17 and 27 October, considered as optimum and late sowing dates, respectively and two vermicompost rates, 0 and 20 t.ha-1 were allocated to the main plots and six canola genotypes (BAL104, DIE710.08, BAL102, FJL290, FJL330, Okapi) were randomized in sub-plots. The results indicated that seed yield, yield components, seed oil percentage and fatty acid compositions increased in all genotypes by different sowing dates. The highest seed yield (5853 and 5762 kg.ha-1), seed oil percentage (43.98 and 43.85%), oleic acid (65.23 and 64.93%) and linoleic acid (20.51 and 20.37%) were produced at optimum sowing date by FJL290 and BAL102 lines, which represent a high potential of this genotypes under this sowing date. In addition, application of vermicompost increased all traits under study. The result olso indicated that FJL290 and BAL102 lines can produce the highest seed and oil yields in the region, if the seeds were sown at 17 October 17th and application of 20 t.ha-1 of vermicompost.

Safflower is a plant adaptable to areas with limited rainfall during winter and spring and dry air at flowering, seed filling and maturity stages, and tolerant to water deficit. The positive correlation coefficient observed between safflower seed yield with precipitation and low air temperature during seed germination to flowering and flowering to seed maturity. Furthermore, precipitation and low temperature during flowering to seed maturity significantly increased seed oil percentage. Therefore, it seems that, by adjusting the planting time can be adapted phenological stages of plant with appropriate weather conditions. The aims of this research were study the possibility reducing the growth period of safflower spring varieties with maintaining performance through delay in planting time, evaluate seed and oil yields at different planting times, and identify the best varieties for cold and semi-arid areas.
The experiment was conducted at the East Azarbaijan Agriculture and Natural Resources Research Center (46°2¢E, 37°58¢N, 1347 m a.s.l.) during 2014-2015 growing season. According to Koppen climatic classification system, the area climate is semi-arid and cold. This study was carried out as factorial experiment based on randomized complete block design with three replications. Treatments were four planting dates (30 March, 9, 19 and 29 April) and three safflower spring cultivars (Sina, Soffeh and Goldasht). Plant spacing between rows was 24 cm and final plant density was 70 plant per m2. Each plot consisted of 6 rows in 5 meters. Plants were harvested on the 11th and 14th of August in the first and second years of experiment, respectively. At the harvest time, in order to control boarder effects, plants from the sides of each plot were removed. Measured traits were plant height, capitulum diameter, seed yield, capitula number per plant, seed number per capitulum and 1000-seed weight. Ten plants in each plot were used to determine plant height and seed yield components. Also, seed oil content was determined by nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) method.
The results indicated that interaction effect of year, planting date and cultivar was significant on the plant height, paniculum number per plant, seed number per paniculum, 1000 seed weight , seed yield and seed oil percent. A delay in planting date from 30 March, significantly reduced yield components, seed and oil yields. Soffeh cultivar had the greater plant height and Goldasht and Sina were located in the next rank. Goldasht cultivar had higher seed yield with the largest capitulum diameter and the most 1000 seed weight. The highest oil yield was belonged to the Soffeh (1161 kg ha-1) and Goldasht cultivar (754 kg per ha1) in the first and second year, respectively. There were positive significant correlations between capitulum diameter, 1000 seed weight and seed yield. The Goldasht and Soffeh cultivars provided acceptable performance that were seen appropriate for cultivation in Tabriz cold and semi-arid plain. Delayed planting led to significant decrease in seed and oil yields and therefore is not be recommended.
The results of this study indicated that the most appropriate date to cultivate spring safflower in Tabriz cold and semi-arid plain is 30 March and planting is not recommended at the late season. Soffeh and Goldasht cultivars are suitable for cultivation in this region.

Suitable planting date have an important role in winter hardiness of oilseed rape and its grain yield. For many reasons، farmers grow oilseed rape with delayed planting date. To evaluate oilseed rape response to delayed planting، 22 genotypes were studied using split plot arrangement in randomized complete block design with four replications in Islamabad-e-Gharb Agricultural Research Station in three growing seasons (2007-10). September 29 and October 29 were considered as optimum and delayed planting date، respectively. Simple analysis of variance showed that planting date had significant effect (P<0. 01) on grain yield in three growing seasons. Average grain yield (4455 kg ha-1) in normal planting date was higher than that of delayed planting date with 3678 kg ha-1. Growing season effect was significant on all measured traits except plant height. In 2007-2008، grain yield of oilseed rape genotypes reduced significantly mainly due to severe cold winter. Genotypes significantly differed for all traits except pod number plant-1. In optimum planting date، ELITE، MHA01/18 and ZARFAM with 5079، 4907 and 4807 kg ha-1 had higher grain yield. In delayed planting date HYOLA 308، ZARFAM and SHIRALEE with 4487، 4474 and 4441 kg ha-1 produced higher grain yield، respectively. Genotype × planting date interaction effect was significant on seed oil content، while effect of growing season × planting date was significant on most of traits. Results showed that response of oilseed rape genotypes to delayed planting depends on weather conditions in autumn. Some oilseed rape genotypes such as HYOLA 401، HYOLA 308، ZARFAM and SHIRALEE had reasonable grain yield because of faster growth rate in autumn.

Understanding of relations and interactions between ecosystem’s components and plants is one of the main conditions for sustainable production of medicinal plants. To study the effect of simultaneous application of organic and biological fertilizers on yield and yield components of zucchini squash، a split plot arrangement of factors based on randomized complete block design with tree replications was used during 2009-10 growing season. The mainplot factor was the type of organic fertilizers، including 1-cow manure، 2-sheep manure، 3-chicken manure، 4-vermicompost and 5-control. The subplot factor was the biofertilizer (namely Nitragin، containing Azotobacter sp.، Azospirillum sp. and Pseudomonas sp.)، utilization. The results showed the positive but non significant effect of organic and biological fertilizers on yield and yield components of zucchini squash. Amongst the organic fertilizers، cow and chicken manure، have superiority compared the others. The highest seed oil and protein percent resulted in chicken manure، although there was not significant different between treatments due to seed oil percent. The positive effect of organic and biological fertilizers on seed yield was higher than fruit yield. Positive correlations found between fruit and seed yield، and between one fruit weight and one fruit seed weight (R2=0. 72** and 0. 56**، respectively). At a glance، cow manure solely application was better than its application with nitragin. Nitragin application has no significant effect on some traits، when utilized with sheep manure and vermicompost. The possibilities of antagonistic effect among organic and biological fertilizers needs to be more studied.

A field experiment was conducted to evaluate the effect of different levels of plant density and nitrogen fertilizer (N) on grain yield and its components and some quality traits in two sesame (Sesamum indicum L.) cultivars-using split-split plot arrangement in randomized complete block design with three replications at Agricultural Research Station of Kushkak, College of Agriculture, Shiraz University in 2002 cropping season. The treatments included: plant density (16.6, 20.8, 33.0 and 41.6 plants m-2) assigned to main plots, nitrogen fertilizer (N) (0, 60, and 120 kg ha-1) and cultivars (CV) (Local Zarghan and Darab-14) were randomized in sub-plot and sub-sub plots, respectively. Both plant density and N fertilizer had significant effect on days to maturity, capsule number per plant, 1000-grain weight, grain yield, harvest index, oil and protein contents. Grain yield of cultivars increased with increased N rate, but CVs had different response to N levels. There was a significant interaction between N × plant densities × CV on grain yield, and the highest grain yield (2161 kg ha-1) was produced by Darab-14. in 41.6 plants m-2 and 60 kg N ha-1, which was not significantly different from local Zarghan, at this plant density. Grain yield had negative and significant correlation (r= -0.31*) with harvest index and positive correlation (r= 0.23) with 1000-grain weight and oil content. Grain oil content had negative and significant correlation (r= -0.86**) with grain protein content. In summary, two sesame cultivars had no significant yield differences, but it local Zarghan, was more responsive to N application. Of course Darab-14 is harvested later relative to local Zarghan and therefore, it is recommended early maturity local Zarghan be sown where there are early autumn rain and cold with less N fertilizer application.