جستجوی مقالات مرتبط با کلیدواژه « رقم » در نشریات گروه « زراعت »

This study was conducted to evaluate the impact of delayed planting of native plants on weight of 1000-seed, the percentage of normal and abnormal seedlings, percentage of hard seeds, mean time germination (MTG), Coefficient Velocity Germination (CVG) and Mean Daily Germination (MDG) of ten cultivars of spring Oilseed rape in form of Factorial experiment (2 × 10) in complete randomized design with four replications in the Seed and Plant Certification and Registration Institute (SPCRI) of Karaj during 2022. Treatments were seeds from planting native plants on common Sowing date (the fifteenth in the Persian month Mehr) and Delayed planting (the fifteenth in the Persian month Bahman) and ten cultivars of spring Oilseed rape (RGS003, Sarigol, Hyola401, Hyola420, Hyola330, RGS006, RG4403, RG405/03, RG405/02 and RGAS0324. The results showed that trait said in two Sowing dates have significant difference together on α=0.01. between of seedling of Cultivars of Oilseed rape in terms of all traits studied except trait of percent of hard seeds that was significant on α= 0.05, remaining traits were significant on α=0.01. As well as the interaction of planting ten Cultivars in all traits except two traits of thousand seed weight and percentage of hard seeds, were significant on α=0.01. comparison of mean interaction impact of Sowing date × cultivar, showed that RGS003 cultivar on common Sowing date and Hyola401 cultivar on delayed planting than other cultivars have better Seed vigor and germination indexes.

Safflower is an oily plant native to Iran, and at the same time, it has good resistance to drought and salt stress, which is a suitable plant for self-sufficiency in this field due to the lack of oil and the large volume of its import to the country. This research was conducted in order to evaluate three varieties of winter safflower under drought stress conditions in different stages of growth in terms of seed and oil yield and other traits. This experiment was carried out in the form of split plots in the form of a basic design of randomized complete blocks in three replications, the main plots containing five levels of drought stress, respectively: Drought stress at budding stage, Drought stress at the beginning of flowering stage, drought stress in the mid-flowering stage, drought stress in the seeding stage and no drought stress and the sub-plots included three cultivars I.L.111, L.R.V.51.51, and K.W.2. Seed yield, oil yield, oil percentage are important traits measured. The obtained results show that among the different levels of drought stress, the stress in the stages of budding and the beginning of flowering caused a significant decrease in terms of seed and oil yield. Also, among the studied cultivars, L.R.V.51.51 had the best seed and oil yield. and the lowest sensitivity of safflower to drought stress is in the seed setting stage, because the yield of seeds and oil in this stage of stress did not have any significant difference compared to non-stressed conditions.

In order to investigate the effect of biofertilizers application on agronomic characteristics and yield of corn cultivars this study was conductedin Borujerd region of  Lorestan Province in 2023. This experiment was done factorially based on a completely randomized block design with three replications. The experimental factors included three fertilizer application levels (control, humax, nitroxin and humax + nitroxin) and corn cultivars (KSC400, KSC201 and KSC410). The results showed that the effect of fertilizer and cultivars on plant height, ear height from the soil surface, leaf length, stem diameter, ear length, number of seed rows in an ear, number of seeds in an ear row, number of seeds in an ear, 100 grain weight, seed yield, dry matter yield and harvest index were significant. The interaction effect of treatments wassignificant on the plant height, ear height from the soil surface, number of seeds in a row of ears, number of seeds in an ear, weight of , 100 grain weight, seed yield and dry matter yield. KSC410 was the better cultivar and the highest growth rate and grain yield components belonged to this cultivar. The integrated application of humax and nitroxin fertilizer had the highest efficiency in increasing the growth and  yield.  KSC410 cultivar with the integrated application of nitroxin and humax had themaximum values of plant height (231 cm), cob height from the soil surface (111 cm), and seed numbers per cob (601). The highest hundred grain weight, grain yield and biological yieldobtained from the mentioned treatments. these values were 34 g, 9216 and 30256 kg ha-1, respectively. Based on the results of this study, in order to achieve the highest corn yield in Borujerd region of  Lorestan Province, KSC410 can be used with the integrated application of nitroxin and humax fertilizer.

In order to identify and select the best domestic and foreign cultivars for cultivation in North West Azerbaijan region, Poldasht city, 10 domestic and five foreign cultivars were compared in two crop seasons of 2021 and 2022. Cultivars were sown in randomized complete block design with four replications and selection was done based on selection index of ideal genotype (SIIG). Based on the results, the highest range of variation was related to the traits of root yield (28.7 t ha-1) and extraction coefficient of sugar (12.5%) and the lowest value was related to the traits of nitrogen content (1.6) and molasses sugar (1.8), respectively. In this study, in order to calculate the SIIG, it was assumed that cultivars with the highest root yield, sugar yield, white sugar yield, white sugar content, and extraction coefficient of sugar, and on the other hand, with the lowest amount of root impurities including Na, K, amino-N and molasses sugar level were ideal. According to the results, a domestic cultivar Nika obtained the highest SIIG (0.83) and Anaconda, Isabella and Aria cultivars placed in the next ranks. Among studied traits, the SIIG showed the only significant (P<0.01) and positive correlation with the traits of white sugar content (r = 0.82) and extraction coefficient of sugar (r = 0.97).

Introduction of sugar beet cultivars with tolerance to dodder is considered an inevitable necessity in the management of this parasitic weed, and conducting comprehensive research in this area is of great importance. Therefore, the tolerance of eight sugar beet cultivars including Ekbatan, SBSI061, Arta, Aria, Sina, Shokoofa, Paya, and Sharif, was evaluated against dodder in pot and field trials. The pot trial was carried out in the spring of 2021 in the greenhouse of the weed research department and in the spring of 2022 in the research field of Iranian Research Institute of Plant Protection in Meshkindasht, Alborz. Among studied traits, fresh weight of sugar beet root, dodder fresh weight, and the ratio of dodder fresh weight to shoot fresh weight of sugar beet played an important role in determining the tolerance or susceptibility of sugar beet cultivars to dodder. Results showed that Ekbatan and Shokoofa experienced the lowest and highest reduction of the above-mentioned traits, respectively under contamination with dodder; because the root fresh weight reduction was the lowest (41.5 and 14% in greenhouse and field, respectively) in Ekbatan and the highest (63.5 and 96% in greenhouse and field, respectively) in Shokoofa. On the other hand, in the presence of Ekbatan and Shokoofa cultivars, dodder had the lowest (41 g pot-1 and 16g m-2 in the field) and the highest (82.5g pot-1 in the pot and 52.3 g m-2 in the field). In addition, the ratio of fresh weight of dodder to shoot of sugar beet was the lowest (0.97 and 0.11 in greenhouse and field, respectively) in Ekbatan and the highest (2.53 and 0.46 in greenhouse and field, respectively) in Shokoofa, respectively. Therefore, among studied cultivars, Ekbatan and Shokoofa are introduced as cultivars with greater tolerance and susceptibility to dodder, respectively.

Alfalfa is one of the key fodder plants due to its species diversity and high stress-tolerance range. In addition to producing significant palatable fodder, this plant stabilizes air nitrogen through symbiosis with rhizobium and causes soil fertility in addition to meeting its own needs. For fodder production in the hot and dry region of Sistan as the hub of animal husbandry in the province, it is inevitable to investigate and introduce high-yielding alfalfa cultivars. Therefore, the present research aimed to evaluate tropical alfalfa cultivars and identify high-yielding and more compatible cultivars in terms of yield production and selection of stands with suitable potential for selection.

The phenological, morphological, and functional traits of 10 tropical alfalfa genotypes (Zabol local purified alfalfa, Zabol local mass, Baghdadi, two Afghani masses, Nikshahri, Omid, and lines 473, 472, and 471) were investigated in the Zahak Agricultural and Natural Resources Research Station, located 20 km from Zabol city. An experiment was conducted in a statistical design of randomized complete blocks with three replications during 2017-2018. The bed preparation, including plowing, disk, and leveling, was operated exactly the same for the replications. The distance between the plots in each block was 75 cm, and the distance between the blocks in each replication was 1 m. After preparing the bed on November 15, 2016, furrows were created at a distance of 30 cm (four lines of 6 m) in the plots, and seeds with 95-100% germination capacity were planted at a rate of 15 kg per hectare. Seeds were sown in a row manually by opening grooves to a depth of 1 cm using the method of Hiramkari. During the experiment, the operation consisted of irrigation every 15 days in winter, spring, and summer (once a week) according to the needs. Weeds were mechanically weeded in the early stages of growth. In each year, eight plants were harvested at the 20% flowering stage. Days to greening, days to flowering, plant height, leaf-to-stem percentage, stem diameter, stem number, dry matter percentage, and wet and dry fodder yields were the traits measured during the experiment. At the end of the experiment, data on the fodder yield and morphological and phenological traits of alfalfa cultivars were analyzed using MSTAT-C software. The correlation was calculated using SPSS 16 software. Analysis into principal components and the biplot were done using the Past software. The means of traits were compared with Duncan's test at the probability level of 5%.

The fodder yields were significant among the genotypes at the 1% probability level. The highest average fodder yield (107.589 tons per hectare) was obtained in the Omid cultivar, with greater fodder yield than the other cultivars due to the number of stems, plant height, and stem diameter. Baghdadi alfalfa and Zabul purified alfalfa cultivars ranked next in terms of producing more fodder yield with averages of 103.513 and 102.463 tons per hectare, respectively. The lowest fodder yield was observed in the native mass of Zabul alfalfa with an average of 86.511 tons per hectare. The purified local alfalfa of Zabul showed an increase in yield by 18.43% compared to the native mass. The cultivars were significantly different in dry fodder yield at the probability level of 1%. The highest average dry fodder yield (28.323 tons per hectare) was obtained in the Omid variety. Baghdadi alfalfa and purified Zabul alfalfa ranked next with average yields of 26.419 and 27.322 tons per hectare, respectively. The increased dry fodder yield in alfalfa is considered an advantage because farmers store excess alfalfa in the form of dry fodder for their livestock in winter. The relationship between the examined traits showed that most of the traits were significantly correlated with each other. Fodder yield had a positive and significant correlation with the number of stems per plant and plant height, but there was a non-significant correlation with the number of days to flowering, leaf–to-stem ratio, and stem diameter. The dry fodder yield had a positive and significant correlation with the wet fodder yield, leaf-to-stem ratio, the number of stems, and plant height, and it showed a negative correlation with the number of days to flowering. Statistically significant differences were observed between the genotypes in terms of all studied traits. Based on the clustering, the genotypes were divided into two groups, and the first group, including Omid, Baghdadi, and the purified local alfalfa of Zabol, was superior to the others. In the mmean comparisons by Duncan's test, the Omid variety ranked first with the average wet and dry fodder yields of 107.589 and 28.323 tons per hectare, respectively. The Baghdadi variety and the local purified line of Zabol ranked second and third, with average yields of 103.513, 102.463, 26.419, and 27.322 tons per hectare, respectively. These genotypes were in good conditions in terms of other traits (plant height, the number of stems, and the leaf per stem percentage).

Considerable variation was observed between genotypes in terms of the studied traits. The highest seed yield was observed in the genotypes of Omid, Baghdadi and the purified local alfalfa of Zabol. In favorable conditions, a significant area of land in Sistan and Baluchistan province and similar regions can be dedicated to alfalfa cultivation, including Omid, Baghdadi, and the purified local genotype of Zabol.

Iran is positioned as the 11th largest producer of tomatoes globally, yielding in excess of 3 million tons. Therefore, providing enough water to produce this amount of product will be one of the challenges of the near future in the agricultural sector due to the drought problem in Iran. Reuse of fish waste in agriculture is one of the important dimensions of water resources planning. Recycling drainage water from aquaculture farms is one of the necessities because it is rich in substances that can be useful in agriculture. World population and food security is one of the most difficult challenges that most of the countries are facing, because the world population is increasing rapidly and will reach 9.6 billion people by 2050. In this situation, the food supply should increase by 70 to 100%. Considering these challenges, it is necessary to conduct applied research to make maximum use of effluents and wastewaters in the production of greenhouse products. 

The treatments of this experiment included 3 types of nutrient solutions (Resh nutrient solution, fish pond water and modified fish pond water) and 3 promising greenhouse tomato lines (AZ4, AZ5 and V4). The experimental design was factorial arranged in complete block design with 3 replications. At the end of the experiment, the plants were removed from the pot and the roots, leaves and stems were separated from each other. Their fresh and dry weight and the number of leaves were recorded separately for each treatment. To check yield indicators, ripe tomato fruits were harvested during the growth period, counted and weighed with a scale with an accuracy of 0.01 g. The firmness of the fruit tissue was measured by a firmness meter, and the pH and EC of the fruit extract were measured by a pH meter and an EC meter, respectively. The measurement of chlorophyll a, b and total chlorophyll was done using a spectrophotometer in mature leaves developed according to the method suggested by Arnon (1967).

The results of this experiment showed that V4 and AZ4 cultivars had the highest stem and leaf weight compared to AZ5 cultivar. Also, the results showed that the Resh solution and modified pond water had the highest root dry weight (58 and 56 g, respectively) compared to the fish pond water treatment (47 g). The findings of this study showed that the use of Resh nutrient solution and modified pool water compared to the treatment of fish pool water increased the number of leaves of tomato plants by 23.88% and 18.69%, respectively. It seems that irrigation with modified pool water and Resh solution increases the growth and development of the plant due to the increase in the level of nutrients. The highest amount of total chlorophyll was observed in the Resh solution and modified pool water with concentrations of 2.3 and 2.2 mg/g, respectively. The results of Silva et al (2021) showed that in irrigation with fish waste, greater availability of magnesium in plant tissue increases the content of chlorophyll b in leaves and increases plant chloroplast pigments. The highest total yield was observed in cultivar V4 and in the treatments of Resh nutrient solution and modified pool water. The results showed that modified pool water had the highest EC of tomato extract (1.9 dS/m). Also, the results of the interaction effect of cultivar and nutrient solution showed that the highest fruit firmness was observed in Resh solution and fish pond water in V4 cultivar. Also, the lowest fruit firmness was observed fish pond water in AZ5 cultivar. It seems that, in the present study, the reduction of calcium absorption in fish pond water caused the reduction of firmness of tomato fruit (Kaab omeir et al., 2020).

It seems that according to the above results, it is possible to use pool water with a high density of fish after modification and changes in the amounts of its nutrients in greenhouse tomato cultivation. Among the tested cultivars, the promising line V4 can be recommended for cultivation in the greenhouse for the use of modified fish pond water.

Cotton is a vital industrial crop worldwide, recognized as a strategic commodity in many countries and particularly well-suited for cultivation in arid and semi-arid regions. Its significance stems from its potential to generate employment, its diverse applications—including fiber production, animal feed, and vegetable oil—and its compatibility with sustainable agricultural practices compared to other crops, such as corn. 

To evaluate key traits and identify the most suitable cotton cultivars for the Sistan region, a study was conducted involving 14 cotton cultivars. The experiment was designed as a randomized complete block design with three replications, carried out at the Zahak Agriculture and Natural Resources Research Station over two crop years (2021-2022 and 2022-2023). 

Analysis of the composite data revealed significant differences in several traits. Traits such as earliness, number of bolls per plant, boll weight, yield from the third row, and yield per hectare showed significant differences at the 1% probability level. Additionally, the number of sympodial branches, yield from the first row, and yield from the second row were significant at the 5% probability level. The cultivars exhibited distinct characteristics, with Latif (6,932 kg/ha), Khordad (6,880 kg/ha), Golestan (6,766 kg/ha), Khorshid (6,664 kg/ha), and Sepid (6,394 kg/ha) demonstrating the highest yields per hectare. In contrast, the Armaghan variety yielded the lowest at 3,408 kg/ha. Among the cultivars, Khorshid and Khordad had the shortest growth periods, while the white cultivars had the longest growth and ripening times. 

The Latif and Golestan cultivars showed more stable production compared to others, particularly under changing climate conditions in the second year of cultivation. Considering the impacts of climate change and environmental challenges such as increasing water and soil salinity, these cultivars offer better production sustainability. Additionally, Khorshid and Khordad cultivars, with their earlier maturation, are well-suited to the Sistan region's climatic conditions, including its 120-day winds. These cultivars not only have shorter growth periods but also rank among the highest in yield.

Several management factors play a decisive role in the extent of yield. Higher yields may be achieved by identifying and improving the factors that cause yield gap. The present study was conducted to identify the yield gap and the contribution of factors affecting it in irrigated wheat in Jelin city.

This experiment was conducted as a survey in 50 wheat fields in Jelin city in the growing year of 2021. These farms were diverse in terms of area, crop management and yield. Information such as farm area, experience (record) of farmers, previous crop, planting date, planting method, cultivars used, seedbed preparation operation, seeding rate, herbicide, fungicide, irrigation method, water source, base fertilizer, top dressing and the time of harvest were collected and completed through field surveys during the growing season and questions from farmers. At the end of the growing season, the actual yield harvested by the farmers was recorded. Analysis of quantitative traits was done using simple linear regression method and analysis of qualitative traits was carried out in the form of an unbalanced completely randomized design. Mean comparison was done using the LSD method at five percent probability level. Finally, the relationship between actual yield and more than 50 management variables was investigated using stepwise regression and comparative performance analysis (CPA) and SAS software.

The results showed that there is a significant relationship between wheat grain yield and variables such as plant and spike density per square meter, planting date, amount of herbicide and fungicide, amount of potassium sulfate application, amount of fertilizer and the number of (times) of fertilizer splits. Also, qualitative traits such as fungicide (application/ non-application) and triple superphosphate fertilizer (application/ non-application) had a significant effect on grain yield. There was a gap of 3160 kg/ha between the actual yield (3528 kg/ha) and the attainable yield (6688 kg/ha). management variables such as seedbed moisture, Tirgan variety, planting date, amount of fertilizer, amount of micronutrients, NPK application, fungicide consumption (application/non-application), Altocombiنشریه پژوهشهای تولید گیاهی، دوره ،31شماره 1403 ،2 172 (cyproconazole + carbendazim) (application/ non-application) contributed to yield and its gap. Fertilizer top dressing with 17.7% and seedbed moisture with 2.7% had the highest and lowest share in yield gap, respectively. The use of Tirgan variety (14.8 percent), planting date (13.3 percent), amount of micronutrients (16.5 percent), NPK (11.7 percent), fungicide application (9.6 percent) and Altocombi fungicide (7 (13 percent) also contributed to yield gap.

Considering that among the management factors, some variables have a greater effect on yield gap, wheat yield in Jelin city may be improved by optimizing the mentioned items. Therefore, it is necessary to prioritize the improved management of these variables in the farms of Jelin city

Saffar (Zabol 10b line) variety was obtained by pedigree method from Goliath×19H cross. Based on preliminary evaluation, this variety showed significant earlier maturity (13 day), in 2010-2011, compared to the other lines of canola. Based on adaptability expieriments in Zabol, Safiabad, Behbahan, Boushehr, Gorgan, Gonbad, Sari and Moghan regions in 2011-2012, its grain yield had not significant difference from control variety RGS, but had a high early maturity. The new variety had a lower rank variance which indicates the Less performance fluctuations and stability in different years and regions compared to control variety RGS. Saffar cultivar with 165 days growth period was 12 days earlier in maturity than control variety RGS in warm south and north regions. The oil content of new variety was 43.15%, which has not significant difference with control variety RGS but in terms of having higher amounts of oleic acid and lower amounts of linolenic acid, it has a better quality. The field response of new variety to stem sclerotinia disease showed good relative tolerance in the north climate, which has significant difference with control variety RGS. Based on outstanding features such as yield stability, early maturity, possibility of escaping from drought and heat in the last season, saving at least one irrigation stage and uniformity in maturity, this line was released with the name of Saffar in 2018 and recommended for late cultivation in warm areas with short growing seasons in warm south and north climate zones of the country such as the south of Kerman, Sistan and Baluchestan, Hormozgan, Khuzestan and Gorgan.

Global warming directly affects agricultural production and food security (Ainsworth & Ort, 2010). Temperature controls the rate of plant metabolic processes that ultimately affect biomass production and grain yield (Hay & Walker, 1981). Although farmers are not able to control the climatic conditions, management and changes in factors such as irrigation, soil, crop varieties, activities, and technologies used in the cultivation of crops can reduce the harmful effects of climate change (Moradi et al., 2014). One of the reliable approaches to studying the effects of climate change on agricultural production is using crop growth models. The present study was conducted to simulate the effects of climate change on phonological stages and yield of maize and to investigate the possibility of mitigating the negative effects of climate change on maize by changing the sowing date and selecting suitable cultivars as management strategies for adaptation to climate change in Kermanshah region.

Materials and Methods :

The study was conducted in Kermanshah region conditions. The evaluated traits included days from the sowing date to anthesis, days from the sowing date to physiological maturity, total dry weight, and grain yield. In general, the results of the evaluations showed that the CERES-Maize model can accurately predict the growth and yield of maize cultivars (SC704, Simon, BC678) in different soil moisture conditions. After ensuring acceptable agreement between simulated values with observed values, the evaluated model was used to study the effects of climate change on maize production in the near future (2021-2050) and the far future (2051-2080) climate change according to RCP4.5 and RCP8.5 scenarios and comparing them with baseline conditions (1981–2010). The average of 17 general circulation models was used to simulate meteorological parameters under climate change conditions. The common sowing date for maize in the Kermanshah region is May 5. In this study sowing dates of May 5 and April 26 as early sowing dates, April 15 as the common sowing dates, and May 25 and June 4 as the late sowing dates, and maize cultivars SC704, BC678, and Simon were considered as adaptation strategies to climate change.

The results of simulation showed that regardless of cultivar and sowing date, traits of days from sowing date to anthesis, days from sowing date to physiological maturity, total dry weight and grain yield in the near future climate change in the scenario RCP4.5 varied as -2, -1.5, 2.7, and 3.3% and in the RCP8.5 scenario varied as, -2.9, -2.8, -0.66, and -3.6% compared to baseline conditions, respectively. These values for the RCP4.5 scenario in the far future climate change condition were -5.2, -5.4, -7.1, and -16.2 and for the RCP8.5 scenario were -8.8, -9.8, -23.1, and -45.83%, respectively. In both near and far future climate changes and under both scenarios, by sowing the studied cultivars at late dates (May 15 and May 25) compared to the early dates (April 15 and April 25) and common date (May 5), the length of the developmental period was shorter but other traits such as total dry weight and grain yield were higher. Among the studied cultivars, in both future climate changes and scenarios, the Simon cultivar had the highest grain yield. The highest duration of developmental stages and total dry weight belonged to SC704.

In general, if any of the RCP4.5 and RCP8.5 scenarios occur in the near and far future climate change periods, the sowing of the Simon cultivar should be in late dates on May 25 and will have the highest grain yield. Therefore, it can suggest as a suitable strategy to reduce the negative effects of climate change on maize production in the Kermanshah region.

In order to evaluate the grain yield and the quality characteristics of sunflower grain oil in response to deficit irrigation (DI), a split plot experiment based on randomized complete block design with three replications and two factors was carried out at experimental farm of Safiabad agricultural and natural resources research and education center in 2019–2020 growing seasons. The factors were DI as the main factor (including control, moderate DI, and severe DI- based on the discharge of 50, 70, and 90% of field capacity) and cultivar as sub-factor (including Oscar, Felix, Shakira, Savana, Labad, and Monaliza). The results showed that deficit irrigation caused a significant difference in grain yield, grain number per head, grain weight per head, oil quality characteristics compared to the control. Deficit irrigation caused a significant reduction in grain yield, grain number per head, and oil yield by 49.94, 49.94, and 26.67%, respectively, compared to control. In addition, deficit irrigation increased iodine index, peroxide value, phosphorus, chlorophyll content, carotenoid content, and oil acidity; hence, impurity in oil and oil corruption was increased. In conclusion, Felix and Labad cultivars are recommend for cultivation in Dezful and similar regions due to having high grain yield and maintaining yield under deficit irrigation conditions.

To prepare and evaluate test cross hybrids resistant to rhizomania and cyst nematode based on new single crosses, 48 test cross hybrids produced were evaluated in 2021 in the augmentation design along with Iranian and commercial hybrid varieties in six regions )Karaj, Mashhad, Shiraz, Kermanshah, Miandoab, and Hamadan(. Genotypes mean comparison showed that BTS2015N had the highest root yield in Karaj, Mashhad, Shiraz, Kermanshah, and Hamadan and an average of six locations with an average of 133.97, 114.45, 77.14, 102.80, 97.08, and 104.91 t/ha, respectively. The Wawilow cultivar also had the highest sugar content in Karaj, Mashhad, Shiraz, and Kermanshah and an average of six locations with an average of 17.61, 18.31, 24.06, 19.57, and 18.62 percent, respectively. In addition, in a total of six locations, there was no significant difference among hybrids 39, 40, 31, and 35 in terms of root yield and hybrids 24 and 47 in terms of sugar content with the external control cultivar BTS2015N. In this study, new hybrids 40, 38, 23, Nika, and Bifort cultivars have the lowest ASV values with 0.062, 0.117, 0.154, 0.245, and 0.256, respectively, were considered stable genotypes in terms of root yield. Also, based on the results of the GGE biplot method, the new hybrids 13, 24, 32, 23 had the highest general stability. In this study, the BTS2015N cultivar for the environments of Karaj, Kermanshah, Shiraz, and Hamadan and the Annamira KWS cultivar for the Miandoab environment showed high specific adaptability.

This experiment was conducted to investigate the agricultural value of two new varieties of beans: Sepehr and Sembol, which were introduced by the private sector with the aim of registering the named varieties in the national list of plant varieties.

These cultivars (Sepehr and Sembol) along with 4 domestic control cultivars were studied in 3 locations (Karaj, Zanjan, and Khomein) based on complete randomized block design in 3 replications during two crop seasons (2019-2020 and 2020-2021).

Results showed that flowering occurred significantly earlier in candidate cultivars (Sepehr and Sembol) than control cultivars (8 and 4 days respectively). As the same way, physiological seed ripening in candidate cultivars occurred earlier than control cultivars (8 and 10 days earlier than mean of other cultivars respectively). The number of seeds in the pods of Sepehr and Sembol candidate cultivars did not significantly differ from the control cultivars. Sepehr and Sembol cultivars produced larger seeds and hundred seeds weight of these cultivars was greatly higher than other cultivars (9.7 and 24.1 percent higher than mean of other cultivars respectively), but the seed yield in these two cultivars was significantly lower than control cultivars (19.89 and 18.27 percent lower than mean of other cultivars respectively).

Finally, the candidate cultivars Sepehr and Sembol can play an effective role as new germplasms in the country's bean production due to their erect type and ease of harvesting, early maturity and consumption of one to two times less water, marketability and production of larger seeds.

Carbon sequestration is the ability of plant biomass and the soil to absorb atmospheric carbon dioxide and store it for a long time. Therefore, carbon sequestration occurs when the rate of absorption of carbon dioxide by plants from the atmosphere, is larger than the total soil respiration rate, plant respiration and plant biomass cut (Anderson et al., 2008). Today, agriculture is effective in carbon sequestration through as an important factor in in order to mitigate the effects of climate change. In the past, carbon sequesters are mainly raised in relation to forests. But today, crops production or animal husbandry can also be effective by maintaining plant residues and proper consumption of organic fertilizers obtained in soil in carbon sequestration (Seyedi, 2016). Therefore, this study was conducted in order to evaluation the carbon sequestration potential in canola plant tissues in agroecosystems Sorkhankalateh region, Gorgan county.

This study was conducted to evaluation the carbon sequestration potential in above- ground and below ground tissues of canola (Brassica napus L.) in agricultural lands of Sorkhankalateh region (Gorgan County) during 2021-2022. In this study, 50 canola fields were selected and sampling from the fields based on the W pattern in the four geographical directions of the region. An electric burn furnace method was used to determine the conversion coefficients of carbon sequestration potential in above- ground and below ground tissues (including siliques, seeds, stems, leaves and roots). As well as, the ratio of above- ground to below ground tissues and harvest index were estimated to determine the net primary production based on carbon content in the above ground tissue, below ground and total plant, and the carbon allocation coefficients in each of the canola plant organs. Finally, using the ArcGIS software version 10.3, the amount of carbon sequestration potential in each of the canola organs was presented in the form of a map, and all the data used were analyzed using SAS software version 9.3.Results and DiscussionBased on the findings of this study, the average deposited carbon in total plant tissues in under cultivated fields of Hayola 50 cultivar was equal to 6657.47 kg per hectare and in under cultivated fields of Trapper cultivar equal to 6560.33 kg per hectare. So that the average carbon sequestration potential was obtained in the stem in two Hayola 50 and Trapper cultivars equal to 2012.36 and 1993.97, in seed 1717.20 and 1639.95, in pod 1676.77 and 1608.36, in leaf 602.90 and 615.72, and in root 648.21 and 703.30 kg per hectare, respectively. Also, the shares amount of the allocation coefficient of each of the economic tissues, stem, leaf and silique, root and root secretions were obtained, in two Hayola 50 and Trapper cultivars equal to 21.17 and 20.42, 63.60 and 63.49, 9.22 and 9.74, and 5.99 and 6.33 percent, respectively. In this study, the average total carbon sequestation potential in above- ground and below ground tissues was equal to 6610.86 kg per hectare. The highest and lowest carbon sequestation potential was obtained for stem with 2081.35 kg per hectare and leaf with 759.89 kg per hectare, respectively. Also, in the survey of carbon sequestration in above- ground and below ground tissues in canola fields, it was determined that there was a significant difference in 99% level. The results of carbon sequestration maps showed that there was the highest carbon sequestration rate in the fields located in the west and northwest, and carbon sequestration rate was lower in the fields located in the southern and eastern regions.

Accurate study on the nature of genotype by environment interaction enables the identification of stable and adaptable genotypes for breeders and it has always been an important issue to address by breeders for the production and release of new sustainable and high-yielding varieties in breeding projects. To study the stability of yield and yield components of seven promising lines of mungbean as well as the check (Parto), three experiments were conducted in an RCBD with three replications in three regions of the country, i. e. Khuzestan (Agricultural and Natural Resources Research and Education Center of Safi Abad, Dezful), Golestan (Agricultural Experiment Station of Gonbad) and Fars (Agricultural Research Station of Zarghan) in 2014-2015 for two years. Each plot consisted of four four-meter-long rows. The traits studied were: the number of branches per plant, pods per plant, seeds per pod, 100-seed weight, plant length, and seed yield. A combined analysis of variance was performed. Because of the significant genotype by environment interaction and, as a result, the different responses of genotypes to various environments, stability indices were calculated to determine the stability of genotypes. To do this, Romer's environment variance, Francis and Kannenberg's environmental CV, and the regression coefficient of Finley and Wilkinson were determined. AMMI analysis was also performed. Based on Francis and Kannenberg's environmental CV and coefficient of Finley and Wilkinson genotypes VC6368 (46-40-4) and VC6371-94, and VC6469 and VC3960 were stable, respectively. Based on the CV of intra-location, VC3960-88 and VC6368 (46-40-4) were stable. According to stability analysis results and considering seed yield, seed weight and other suitable characters, genotypes VC6371, VC6368 (46-40-4) and VC3960-88 were selected for further studies.

In order to evaluate the quantity and quality of safflower cultivars forage in three forage harvesting times based on plant phenological stages, the present study has been conducted in a randomized complete block design with split-plot in time arrangements with three replications at the Seed and Plant Improvement Institute (SPII), Karaj, Iran, during 2018-2019 and 2019-2020 cropping seasons. The main factor includes three safflower cultivars (Goldasht, Golmehr, and Parnian), with three forage harvesting time (namely stem elongation, branching, and flowering stages) considered as the sub-factor. The effect of year only on plant height and water-soluble carbohydrates (WSC) has been significant (P≤0.05). The results show that the interaction effect of cultivar × harvesting time on the fresh forage yield, plant height, WSC, and neutral detergent fiber (NDF) has been significant (P≤0.01). The highest fresh forage yield (52103 kg ha-1) is obtained by harvesting the Golmehr cultivar at the beginning of flowering; however, the highest dry matter yield is observed in Golmehr and Parnian cultivars. The highest dry matter yield has been observed in the branching stage (11900 kg ha-1), with the crude protein content in this stage being 14.57%. In contrast, the maximum crude protein content is observed in the flowering stage (19.22%), even though the mean dry matter yield at this stage has been 9937 kg ha-1. The maximum and minimum RFV (130.3% and 92.3%) are recorded in the forage of Goldasht and Golmehr cultivars, respectively. Therefore, among the studied cultivars, Parnian, and among the growth stages, forage harvesting at the branching stage is introduced as the superior treatment to achieve maximum yield and quality of safflower forage.

Sepehr cultivar (line KS940144) was selected from common bean germplasm (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) and in breeding experiments conducted from 2014 to 2018 was one of the top lines in the green pod yield. In 2014, 302 lines of common beans were studied the presence or absence of string in the pod, the number of pods per plant, and the shape and length of the pod in the research field of Seed and Plant Improvement Institute (SPII) and line KS940144 along with 24 other desirable and marketable lines were selected for preliminary yield comparison trial. In the summer of 2015, 25 lines were compared with the commercial cultivars Sunray, Valentino and Contander. In the spring of 2016, eight selected lines from the previous year were planted along with the commercial cultivars Sunray, Valentino and Contander. According to the results, all eight lines were selected for adaptability testing. To evaluate the adaptability and yield stability of the selected lines, an experiment was conducted in a randomized complete block design with three replications in three regions of Karaj, Sari and Zarghan during two years (2017 and 2018). Comparison of the average yield of green pods in the regions over two years showed that the line KS940144 had first rank for the green pod yield (17720 kgha-1). The yield difference of this line compared to Valentino and Sunray cultivars was more than 31% and 36%, respectively. In 2019, the results of yield evaluation of line KS940144 in comparison with Sunray cultivar in the conditions of farmers of Alborz, Mazandaran and Fars provinces showed that the average yield of line KS940144 (16355 kgha-1) was 11.77% higher than Sunray cultivar (14632 kgha-1). In 2020, the reaction of line KS940144 to BCMV virus disease was studied and this line was identified as a resistant line. Due to the high yield, excellent pod marketing and disease resistance to common bean mosaic virus, this line was released as Sepehr and is recommended for cultivation in cold, temperate and temperate-cold regions.