جستجوی مقالات مرتبط با کلیدواژه « bulblet » در نشریات گروه « زراعت »

The endosperm (3n) is the food source for the embryo, which has received two polar nuclei from the maternal parent 2n and one sperm cell from the paternal parent 1n. Traditionally, triploid plants are created by crossing between tetraploid plants and diploid plants. To carry out this method, it is necessary to create tetraploid lines, and it is possible to double the chromosomes of diploid species by using substances that inhibit the formation of the division spindle. The advantage of endosperm culture over the traditional method is that the production of triploid plants in endosperm culture is done in a single step, and the time required to generate a triploid plant is less than in the traditional method. Increasing the level of ploidy of the nucleus can affect the plant's physiological and biochemical processes as well as altering the rate of photosynthesis, respiration, activity of genes, enzymes, and expression of isoenzymes compared with diploid types. They will have a new phenotype and can surpass the range of traits of their diploid ancestors such as increasing biomass and changing the quality and concentration of plant active ingredients, increasing resistance to drought stress, and resistance to pests. Therefore, the chance of their selection will increase.

Immature seeds were collected in late May, about 35 to 45 days after pollination, and mature seeds were harvested after fully ripening approximately in late July, and disinfection using a stereomicroscope with 60 times magnification under a laminar hood. The endosperm tissue was separated from the seed coat and embryo. In this study, mature and immature endosperm tissues of the mooseer plant were cultured onto hormonal compounds for callus induction in dark conditions for three months. In further experiments, the effects of sucrose were investigated at two levels of 30 and 50 gl-1 and the combination of BAP and NAA treatments on mooseer production. The flow cytometry method and chromosome counting were used to determine the ploidy levels of regenerated plants.

In this study, the treatment of 1 mg L-1 of NAA and 1 mg L-1 of BAP indicated the highest percentage of callus formation in both mature and immature tissues of mooseer endosperm. Seedlings produced in the treatment of 0.5 mg L-1 of NAA and 3 mg L-1 of BAP in culture medium with 50 g of sucrose caused the production of bulblet with greater length and diameter. The present study identified the cytogenetic properties, chromosome counts, and stomatal sizes of triploid plants regenerated from both mature and immature endosperm tissue of mooseer, using flow cytometry. A total of 12 triploid seedlings were obtained from mature tissue, while 8 seedlings were obtained from immature tissue.

Traditionally, triploids are produced by hybridization between induced superior tetraploids and
diploids, but endosperm culture is a one-step protocol. In this study, according to the sexual and asexual propagation (propagation through daughter bulbs) of mooseer, the modification and production of the triploid plants in mooseer allow the propagation of this plant through daughter bulbs. Generally, triploid plants were successfully produced through the endosperm culture method.

Nasrin plant (Amaryllis) is considered as a valuable bulbous plant. The propagation rate of this ornamental plant in natural condition is low. Therefore, application of modern techniques such as tissue culture is an appropriate way to increase the propagation rate of this ornamental plant. In order to study the effect of explant kind, type and concentration of cytokinin on scale explant regeneration of amaryllis, afctorial experiment was done based on a completely randomized design with 4 replications. Different explants including twin scale with basal plate, single scale with basal plate and single scale without basal plate was used. Explants were cultured on MS basal medium supplemented with different concentration of BA or TDZ (0, 0.5, 1 and 2 mg/l) and 0.1 mg/l NAA, 30 g/l sucrose and 8 g/l agar. Results showed that twin scale explants with basal plate were the best explants for in vitro propagation of amaryllis and produced thicker bulblets. On the other hand, no bulblets were regenerated from single scale without basal plate and these explants became brown over the time. Also cytokinin type had no significant effect on the diameter of regenerated bulblets but in medium containing BA more bulblets were regenerated in comparison to medium supplemented with TDZ. Medium without any hormones produced less and thicker bulblets compared with other treatments. By considering the diameter and number of bulblets, application of twin scale and use of MS medium containing 0.5 mg/l BA in combination with 0.1 mg/l NAA is recommended for in vitro propagation of amaryllis

Lilium ledebourii Boiss is a native flower in the north of Iran, however it is an endangered species. In order to introduce and domesticate endemic plants, the first step is evaluation for propagation. One of the best and most propogation vegetative method of Lilies is in vitro scale culture using plant growth regulators in different condition. This experiment conducted using a completly randomized design (CRC) with four factors. 1- Light period at two levels:A:Lightness (16 hr light and 8 hr dark) B:darkness (24 hr dark). 2- Regional explant at two levels: A:Half distal scale, B:Half basal scale. 3- Concentrations of 6-benzylamynopurine (BAP) at three levels A:Zero or control B:0.01mg1-1 C:0.1mg1-1. 4- Concentrations of -naphtalen acetic acid (NAA) at four level, A:Zero B: 0.01 mg1-1 C:0.05 mg1-1 D:0.1 mg1-1. Analysis of variance was performed on the collected data, and mean comparison was carried out, using Duncan's multiple range test (p<0.05). Results showed that light period increased the total weight, number of bulblets and regeneration percentage, whereas darkness treatment increased weight of bulblets and rooting percentage. Number and weight of bulblets, regeneration percentage and number of roots was better when explant obtained from basal scale. Different concentration of BAP had significant effect on some traits. The highest number of bulblets, rooting and regeneration percentage obtained in control treatment and the greatest weight of bulblets obtained by 0.1 mg1-1 BAP and the highest number of roots obtained in control and 0.01 mg1-1 BAP. Different concentration of NAA had also significant effects on some traits. The greatest total weight and number of bulblets obtained by 0.1 mg1-1 NAA and the weight of bulblets increased in all of the NAA concentrations. Concentrations of 0.05 and 0.1 mg1-1 NAA increased number of roots and rooting percentage.