جستجوی مقالات مرتبط با کلیدواژه « callosobruchus maculatus » در نشریات گروه « گیاهپزشکی »

The cowpea weevil, Callosobruchus maculatus (F.) (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae), a destructive insect pest of cowpea, Vigna unguiculata (L.), in the field and storage, causes significant losses in seed weight, germination ability, and the market value. The effect of cowpea (Mashhad cultivar) fertilization with chemical fertilizers (triple superphosphate (TSP) and urea) and some biofertilizers (Bradyrhizobium japonicum, Pseudomonas putida, mycorrhizal fungi) was studied on biology and life table parameters of C. maculatus at 28 ± 1°C, relative humidity of 65 ± 5%, and complete darkness. The highest immature survival (%) was on the grains treated with P. putida and control (97.75 and 95.69%, respectively), and the lowest survival was on the grains fertilized with TSP and B. japonicum (65.06 and 75%, respectively). Although the developmental time of C. maculatus reared on TSP- and B. japonicum-treated grains was longer than the control, the intrinsic rate of increase (0.124 day-1) and net reproductive rate (34.34 offspring) on the grains treated with TSP were lower than the control (0.143 day-1 and 51.07 offspring, respectively). Results of this research showed that the nutritional value of the grains obtained from TSP and B. japonicum treatments were lower than those obtained from other fertilizer treatments.

The cowpea weevil beetle, Callosobruchus maculatus (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae), is a major pest of legumes, especially cowpea , and has become a serious pest in storage crops. Therefore, controlling this insect pest using natural pesticides such as plant essential oils seems necessary. In this research, the effect of insect mating on the toxicity of rosemary essential oil against the cowpea weevil was investigated under laboratory conditions. Bioassay tests were performed in the range concentrations of 35.07 and 78.63 µl/lair for male virgin insects and 39.17 and 102.22 µl/lair for female virgin insects and there were done 55.04 to 86.49 and 62.90 to 94.36 µl/lair for one-time mated insects, respectively. Also, concentrations of 62/51 to 125.81 and 94.36 to 157.26 µl/lair were tested against multiple times mated male and female insects, respectively. Results showed that multiple mated male and female insects had the highest resistance to rosemary essential oil and the LC50 values were 90.032 µl/lair and 118.015 µl/lair for male and female insects, respectively. Virgin insects were more sensitive to rosemary essential oil and the amount of LC50 obtained was 48.173 µl/lair for male insects and 58.298 µl/lair for female insects. These results can be useful in planning pest management strategies for the cowpea weevil beetle by plant essential oils as well as the exact time of application of these compounds to achieve maximum effectiveness.

This study investigated the effect of pre-maturity developmental time on adult longevity and mating behaviors of the cowpea weevil, Callosobruchus maculatus (Coleoptera: Bruchidae). Eggs of the same age and one-day-old virgin adult insects were used for the experiments. Longevity of adult insects associated with each developmental time, the number of eggs and hatching percentage, besides mating-related parameters, including mating success rate, males rejection rate, mating reluctance males, mating latency, onset time, and duration of kicking by the females and mating duration were recorded. The results showed that the length of the developmental time did not significantly affect the longevity of the female insects but showed a significant effect on the longevity of the male individuals. Male insects with a very short or very long developmental time had a shorter lifespan compared to the male insects that appeared in the middle of the period (with a medium developmental time). Male insects with longer developmental time had less ability to succeed against female insect resistance and eventually mating success. Copulation duration was also affected by the insect's developmental time length. In general, the cowpea weevil's developmental time directly impacts the longevity of adult insects, and their mating behaviors. In addition, attention to this issue is important in selecting insects for different experiments. It can play a significant role in reducing experimental errors.

The cowpea weevil is one of the most important pests of legumes in the farm and warehouse, which causes a lot of damage. Plant essential oils are an excellent alternative to many pesticides to control pests. In this study, the behavioral response of newly emerged cowpea weevil was compared against the fumigant toxicity of two essential oils of mint and rosemary, and then the differences in their mode of action were examined according to the constituents. Insects behavioral changes under the influence of essential oil treatment were investigated, and the mortality of insects was recorded up to 24 hours after treatment, every two hours, without opening the Petri dish lid. The results showed that the toxicity of both essential oils was statistically similar, but the type of insect behavior before death was different in the mint and rosemary essential oils. Unlike the mint essential oil, insects exposed to rosemary essential oil showed signs of overstimulation, the opening of the upper and lower wings, tremors, and death-related seizures. According to the research results, both essential oils had strong insecticidal properties on the cowpea weevil, but according to the symptoms of death, it seems that rosemary essential oil can affect GABAergic receptors on the one hand and acetylcholinesterase enzyme inhibition on the other hand and affects the nervous system and causes insect death, but under the influence of mint essential oil insect death occurred without specific symptoms, requiring further research about the mode of action of the essential oil in this insect.

 Callosobruchus maculatus and Sitophilus granarius are two of the most important pests of stored products and cause heavy damage. Due to economic importance of stored product pests and resistance potential of them to conventional fumigants, it is necessary to replace these insect control agents with novel and safe compounds. Modified atmosphere is a valuable method to control some stored product pests. In this research effect of this method based on the use of carbon dioxide and ammonia was evaluated against adult stages of C. maculatus and S. granarius alone and in combination with each other in glass anaerobic jars. Mortality was recorded after 24 h. The LC50 values of carbon dioxide for C. maculatus and S. granarius were estimated 1322.53 and 1283.96 ppm, respectively. The LC50 values of ammonia for these pests were estimated 250.24 and 366.79 ppm, respectively.The mixture of carbon dioxide and ammonia (in LC25 values) caused a mortality rate of 86.67 and 93.33 % on the adults of C. maculatus and S. granarius respectively. The effects of carbon dioxide and ammonia were also evaluated against germination rate of cowpea and wheat seeds at 2238.72, 3630.78 and 426.58, 549.55 ppm, respectively. Germination rate was up to 98 percent.

In this study, the fumigant toxicity of four essential oils, including eucalyptus leaf, eucalyptus flower, rosemary leaf, and mint leaf, was determined on the eggs (with less than 24 h) and the life span of the cowpea weevil (Callosobruchus maculatus). The results showed fumigant toxicity of these essential oils on the eggs in a dose-dependent manner showing the higher embryo mortality and the lesser hatching rate. Mint essential oil had the highest toxicity against the eggs with the 3.3% of eggs hatchability. Mint essential oil also increased the larval duration from 23.6 days in control to 27 days; however, the essential oils of eucalyptus leaf, eucalyptus flower, and rosemary showed no significant change in the larval duration as the survived embryos could complete larval stages in the equal time (statistically) with control. The use of herbal essential oils, especially mint essential oil, is very effective in controlling the cowpea weevil at the egg stage, and those may be a good substitute for common pesticides in warehouses.

The cowpea seed beetle, Callosobruchus maculatus is one of the most destructive pests of pulses including chickpea. In this research, the effect of chickpea landraces including Abgoshtiriz bokan, Etiopi, Khardar bokan, Zard kordestan, Siah alashtar, Lablaboei arzhantin, Lablaboei bokan, Lablaboei canadaei and Lablaboei hendi, and Abijam Kermanshah cultivar were studied on population parameters of C. maculatus under laboratory conditions (28±2°C temperature, 65±5% RH, and a photoperiod of 14 L: 10 D h). Moreover, some physical and biochemical characteristics of chickpea seeds were measured and any possible correlations between them and life table parameters were investigated. According to the results, the longest larval and pupal periods and total development time of C.maculatus were on Siah alashtar landrace and the shortest one was on Lablaboei bokan landrace. The higher and lower values of net reproductive rate (R0) were observed on Lablaboei hendi (30.33 ± 3.51 offspring/individual) and Siah alashtar landraces (19.28 ± 2.71 offspring/individual), respectively. The lowest value of intrinsic rate of increase (r) of C.maculatus was observed on Siah alashtar landrace (0.079 ± 0.040 day-1) and the highest was on Lablaboei bokan landrace (0.110 ± 0.044 day-1). The highest grain hardiness index and protein content were on Siah alashtar landrace, whereas the lowest these characteristics were on Lablaboei bokan and Abijam Kermanshah. Significant correlations were observed between life history parameters and physical and biochemical traits of chickpea landraces. Our findings showed that Siah alashtar is a relatively unsuitable and Lablaboei bokan is a suitable and relatively sensitive host for feeding of C.maculatus.

Nowadays, nanoemulsions are considered by many researchers because of their unique physiochemical properties such as small particle size, long-term physical stability and transparency. In this research, fumigant toxicity of Mentha longifolia L. essential oil and its nanoemulsion against Callosobruchus maculatus (Fabricius) has been studied. The experiments were conducted at laboratory conditions at 27±2°C temperature, 65±5% relative humidity and darkness. Essential oil of M. longifolia had higher fumigant toxicity than nanoemulsion, during early hours after treatment. The LC50 values of oil and nanoemulsion for the adults of the pest were 10.1 and 16.1 µl/l, respectively. The values of LC50 were 4.9 and 9.4 µl/l for oil and nanoemulsion during incubation period, respectively. In concentration of 25 µl/l, LT50 of M. longifolia essential oil and nanoemulsion were 2.2 and 11.1 days, respectively. In concentration of 10.1 µl/l, essential oil did not have durability, but this parameter of nanoemulsion is good (LT50= 9.04 days). At 9 µl/l of essential oil, the average time for the mortality of 50% eggs was 4.7 days. The LT50 of nanoemulsion at this concentration was 17.09 days. At 4.9 µl/l of nanoemulsion, the LT50 was 12.8 days, while essential oil did not have durability. The average diameter of nanoemulsion particles has been estimated about 10-36 nm by using transmission electron microscope (TEM). By using laser light scattering (SEMATech), this value was 234 nm. Considering obtained results, using nanoemulsion form of M. longifolia essential oil increase its fumigant toxicity and durability.

Cowpea seed beetle Callosobruchus maculatus is one of the most important pests of storage products around the world and Iran which causes heavy damage due to feeding beans. The aim of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of MZ isolate of Beauveria bassiana in control of Callosobruchus maculatus and selecting the most appropriate concentration of pathogenic fungus in the biological control of Callosobruchus maculatus in laboratory condition. For this purpose conidia suspension from fungi with treatments at a concentration of 104 , 106, 107 conidia/ml with distilled water containing tartine 0.5 % prepared. All treatments were carried out in 4 replications and in the completely randomized block design by spraying method were performed. For evaluation of mold mortality rates, 4 days after spraying, the mortality rates of all concentrations was determined and mortality in control was corrected with using of Abbott formula. . Data were analyzed with SAS program and the meanings were grouped by Duncan method .The amount of lethal concentration or (LC90) and (LC50) was calculated.Based on the statistical analysis, there is a significant difference between treatments at 1% and 5% levels respectively. The concentration of 107 with 91% mortality was the deadliest and control treatment (distilled water and tween) and 104concentrations with 4 and 28%, were the lowest mortality, respectively. LC50 and LC90 of B.bassiana were 5/4888×104 and 5/493071×106 spore/ml respectively

The cowpea weevil, Callosobruchus maculatus is an important pest of pulses seed, with ample distribution in tropical and subtropical regions. In this research, the effect of temperature and host plants on population growth of this pest was investigated. Effect of five host pulse including pea, cowpea, lentil, vetch and broad bean on development time of cowpea weevil was studied at seven constant temperatures: 18, 21, 24, 27, 30, 33 and 36 (±1 °C). Population growth parameters of C. maculatus were measured on five host species at 27 °C and at seven constant temperatures on cowpea. Some physical and biochemical characteristics of pulse seeds were measured and the correlation between them and some life history parameters of C. maculatus was examined. Our research showed that the shortest development time was on cowpea at 33 °C and the longest one was on broad bean at 18 °C. The highest and lowest rm values were observed on cowpea and broad bean, respectively at 27 °C. A significant difference was observed in grain humidity, hardiness index, protein and starch content of various pulse seeds. The life cycle of C. maculatus was greatly affected by quality of host plant. Differences over the development time may be due to nutritional content in pulses seeds. The grain humidity was another factor affecting seed quality and feeding of this pest. The highest longevity at low temperatures could be associated with lower metabolic processes. The thermal characteristics of C. maculatus were relatively influenced by different host plant seeds

This study was conducted to evaluate the compatibility of some plant essential oils in combination with entomopathogenic fungus, Beauveria bassiana against Callosobruchus maculatus. Lethal effects of three essential oils including Petroselinum sativum, Satureja sahendica and Heracleum persicum against the adults of C. maculatus were studied. The biological activity of two fungal isolates, IS-1 and IS-75, as alone and in combination with the essential oils for insect pest control was evaluated. Results showed that S. sahendica essential oil was the most toxic agent on adults than other oils, and IS-75 isolate showed more virulence against the pest compared to IS-1 when applied alone. Results of percent inhibition of sporulation and mycelial growth of the fungus showed P. sativum essential oil with 100 percent inhibition completely inhibited fungal growth and sporulation and S. sahendica essential oil with 24 percent inhibition had more compatibility compared to two other essential oils. Combined application of three essential oils and IS-75 isolate of the fungus in lethal and sublethal concentrations showed that H. persicum essential oil has the least LT50 value in combination with the fungus.Essential oil-pathogen interactions of sublethal concentrations of plant essential oils and IS-75 fungal isolate revealed that the synergistic effects on percent adults’ mortality only belongs to the combination of LC25 concentrations of each of the agents, and other sublethal combinations had additive and antagonistic effects.

To search for re-cycleable and environment-friendly pesticides the ovicidal and larvicidal effects of nine botanical powders includingChamomile(Chamaemelum nobilis L.),Yarrow(Achillea millefolium L.),Breckland wild thyme(Thymus serpyllum L.), Squaw mint (Mentha pulegium L.), Ferulago angulata (schlechat.) Boiss,Dill(Anethum graveolens L.),True cinnamon(Cinnamomum zeylanicum L.),Sweet basil (Ocimum basilicum L.)andginger(Zingiber officinal R.)were tested againstCallosobruchus maculates (Fabricius). The experiments were conducted in a completely randomized design at 30±2 °C and 60±5% relative humidity(RH) under dark conditions. Results showed that all tested plant powders had ovicidal and larvicidal effect on C.maculatus. Based on the results in the concentration of 1 g/100g, plant powders of Z. officinal, O. basilicum, T. serpyllum, C. zeylanicum,M. pulegium and A. millefolium caused 88, 87.55, 86, 84, 82 and 80% egg mortalities, respectively. The results showed that in the concentration of 1 g/100g M. pulegium powder represented the most potent efficient larvicidal agent (95.77%) followed by O. basilicum (90%), C. zeylanicum (90%), T. serpyllum (86%) and A. millefolium (84%). Also results indicated thatpowders of Z. officinal (LC50 = 0.36 g/100g) and M. pulegium (LC50 = 0.30 g/100g) had the highest larvicidal and ovicidal activity against C. maculatus, respectively. It was found that these botanical powders can be used as a cheap and safe pesticide to control storage pests in rural areas.

Utilization of chemical pesticides has caused several problems such as raising serious concerns for human health and environmental hazards. Essential oils of aromatic plants have been proposed as safe and natural insecticides for control of insect pests. In this study, toxicity of essential oils of dill, celery and wild mint was tested against C. maculatus adults and E. kuehniella and P. interpunctella larvae. Based on chemical analysis by GC-Mass, ()-carvone (48.81%), apiol (22.58%) and limonene (12.61%) in dill. apiol (21.82%), D-limonene (21.21%) and 3-caren (11.80%) in celery and myristicin (13.35%), 3-terpinolenone (13.33%) and 2-isopropylidene cyclohexanone (9.23%) in wild mint essential oils were identified as main components. The essential oils indicated strong fumigant toxicity against all tested insect species. The LC50 values of wild mint, dill and celery essential oils against C. maculatus were 58.958, 67.769 and 94.888 μl/l, respectively. P. interpunctella larvae were more susceptible than E. kuehniella larvae and C. maculatus adults to dill essential oil. The essential oil of wild mint showed more fumigant toxicity than dill and celery essential oils against E. kuehniella larvae. P. interpunctella larvae were also more susceptible than C. maculatus adults to mint essential oil. According to the results of present study, essential oils of dill, celery and mint have good potential to be utilized as natural insecticides in management of C. maculatus, E.kuehniella and P. interpunctella.

Callosobruchus maculatus is an important cowpea pest in stored condition. The longer effects, safeness of gamma radiation doses are less hazardous for both human and environment. Effects of different gamma radiation (Co60) doses on amount of nitrogen, protein, pest damage, life cycle, fecundity were evaluated under laboratory conditions. Results of gamma radiation doses increased found ineffectual on cowpea nitrogen and protein contents. Insect larvae damage on cowpea in comparison to controlled treatment at different interval and during 21 days sampling period observed significant (f=17.89, df=5, 2) P=0.0001). Max. (29.8%) and Min. (2.46%) larvae damages recorded at 1st and 21st days after hatching. Effects of different gamma radiation doses (5to 50 Gy) on viability of 100 eggs in each treatment showed that significant (f=7.57, df=4, 8) P=0.0001). While least effects recorded for 5 and 10 Gy, hatchability reduced to 57% and 56% for influence of 20 and 25 Gy radiation, with increasing more gamma radiation complete eggs mortality recorded. Results of 20 to 80 Gy radiation on cohort population of adults found significant (f=5.27, df=6, 7) P=0.0001). Min. control recorded for 20 Gy in group a of Duncan method and with increasing gamma doses radiation, reduction on rate of insect fecundity observed and maximum 44.68% recorded for 70 and 80 Gy doses in comparison to control treatment. The positive controlof gamma radiations doses on cowpea seed beetle developmental stages seems to be a safe protective technique against this store insect pest.

The insecticidal efficacy of three Iranian diatomaceous earth (DE) deposits obtained from Maragheh, Mamaghan, Khorasan Jonoobi mines and a commercial formulation, Sayan®, was assessed against adults of Callosobruchus maculatus F. (Coleoptera: Bruchidae). Cowpea grains were treated with four concentrations including 200, 600, 1000 and 1500 mg/kg and each concentration replicated four times. Experiments were carried out at 28±1˚C and 55±5% R.H. in continuous darkness. The mortality was counted after 2, 5, and 10 days of exposure. After 10 days, all adults were removed from vials, and the vials were left at the same conditions for an additional 35 days, to evaluate the progeny production. The mortality percent increased with increasing concentration level and time exposed to each concentration. Mamaghan, Khorasan Jonoobi and Maragheh DE deposits have the most insecticidal toxicity against adults after 10 days of exposure, respectively. The concentration 1000 mg/kg of these DEs was sufficient enough to suppress C. maculatus progeny production. Therefore, Iranian DE deposits may be applied as a suitable tool in stored products pest management programs.

Searching for less hazardous compounds for human and invironment the fumigative toxicity of five terpenoid compounds including carvacrol, myrtol, menthol, camphen and a-pinene were investigated on Callosobruchus maculatus (F.) as one of the most important stored product pests. Experiment was carried out at 30 ± 2 ˚C and 60 ± 5% relative humidity (R.H.) under dark condition. Each compound were tested with six concentrations and four replications including control. According to the trial experiments the fumigant toxicity of the studied essential oils differed significantly , distinct concentrations of each compound used. The results showed that all compounds studied had significant mortality on the pest. Among them, Myrtol showed the highest fumigative toxicity on C. maculatus. The value of LC50 of Myrtol was 47.05µl/lair while LC50 of Carvacrol, Menthol, Camphen and α-pinene were respectively 51.53, 107.39, 61.35 and 57.41 µl/lair. It is concluded that the terpenoid compounds may be used in the pests of post-harvested products in stores.

Population density, sampling program and spatial distribution pattern of the eggs and larvae of Callosobruchus maculatus on cowpea (var. Parastoo) were determined in Tehran region. Bean pod was selected as a sample unit and the reliable sample size with maximum relative variation of 20% was obtained 50. Taylor's power law and Iwao's patchiness regression, Index of dispersion and Lloyd's mean crowding methods were used for determining the spatial distribution pattern of eggs and larvae of the pest. The relationship between length and diameter of pods with number of laid eggs was determined using linear regression. There was significant positive relationship between number of eggs and the length of pods. The relationship between number of eggs and diameter of pods was also significantly positive. There was no significant relationship between number of larvae and length/diameter of bean pods. Moreover, the spatial distribution pattern of immature stages of pest using Taylor's method, index of dispersion and Lloyd's mean crowding was aggregated. Occurrence of the pest in field was observed early summer and irregular population fluctuation was recorded during growing season.