جستجوی مقالات مرتبط با کلیدواژه « آبشش » در نشریات گروه « شیلات »

Cell lines provide an important biological tool for carrying out investigations into physiology, virology, pharmacology, toxicology, cancer which can be used as a biological substitute for living animals. Cell phenomena are studied in controlled conditions in cell culture. Establishment of cell cultures from endemic fish and endangered Such as the Caspian Sea salmon (Salmo caspius, Kessler, 1877). Production in vitro models of it can be of assistance to biological studies, immunology, toxicology, physiology. The purpose of this study is to produce primary cell cultures from the kidney and gill of Caspian salmon in order to create cell lines from these tissues in the next stages. In this study, 30 Caspian Sea salmon (Salmo caspius, Kessler, 1877) prepared and primary cell was produced from kidney and gill tissues through the explant culture method. Kidney and gill tissue pieces were cultured in 6-well plates with L-15 culture medium and 5%, 10% and 20% fetal bovine serum (FBS) at 15, 18° and 21C. The results showed that primary cells produced from Caspian Sea salmon are slow to grow and take a long time for cell migration from the tissue and doubling time. But they have a relatively good subculture and grow well up to passage 5 in L-15 culture medium with 10% fetal bovine serum. The morphological study of the produced cells showed that they are a mixture of fibroblast-like and epithelial-like cells. Investigating the process of cell growth at different temperatures showed that the optimal growth temperature for the cultivation of cells of this species is 18 C.

This study aimed to investigate the effect of salt (sodium chloride) supplementation in the diet on survival, biochemical indices, and tissue histology of juvenile wild common carp under salinity stress. Fish fry (approximately 1.1 g) were fed diets containing 0%, 5%, and 10% sodium chloride for 15 days, then directly transferred to brackish water (13 g/L) and sampled after 3 and 10 days. Diet or sampling time had no significant effect on survival and body moisture of fish. Sodium, glutathione reductase, and glutathione peroxidase levels in the body significantly increased three days after salinity stress, and returned to pre-stress levels after 10 days. Body moisture levels significantly decreased after salinity stress, but potassium and chloride levels in the body increased and remained significantly higher than pre-stress levels for up to 10 days. Prior to salinity stress, glutathione levels were higher in high salt treatment groups compared to control groups, and 10 days after salt stress, glutathione levels were higher in the 10% salt treatment group compared to the other two groups. Malondialdehyde in the body was significantly lower in sodium chloride treatments than the control. No significant and important histological lesions were found in the fish gill and kidney after salinity stress. This study suggests that wild carp fry can tolerate direct transfer to the Caspian Sea brackish water, without dietary sodium chloride supplementation. Dietary 10 g/kg salt supplementation decreases lipid peroxidation in the fish.

This study was conducted to investigate the effect of adding Bacillus subtilis (IS02) to the diet on survival, biochemical indices, and histological alternations of juvenile wild common carp, Cyprinus carpio, exposed to salinity stress. Juvenile common carp (about 1.1 g) were fed diets containing 0 (control), 2.5 × 108 (pro-8), and 2.5 × 109 (pro-9) cfu/g probiotic for 15 days and then transferred directly to brackish water (13 g/L) and sampled after 3 and 10 days. Diet and sampling time had no significant effect on fish survival, which was above 96% in all treatments. Body moisture and potassium were only affected by sampling time, with moisture decreasing significantly after salinity stress while potassium increased significantly. Whole body sodium in pro-8 treatment did not change significantly during salinity stress, and probiotic treatments had lower chloride levels than the control before and after salinity stress. Adding probiotic to the diet increased glutathione reductase, glutathione peroxidase activity, and reduced glutathione concentration, while decreasing malondialdehyde concentration. Probiotics caused white blood cells infiltration in the kidney tissue. No significant tissue damage was observed in the gill and kidney, compared to the control after salinity stress. This study shows that juvenile wild common carp can tolerate direct transfer to the Caspian Sea without dietary probiotic supplementation. However, probiotic stimulates the kidney immunity, enhances ionoregulation, and increase antioxidant capacity in fish, which can have beneficial effects under field conditions.

120 specimens of common carp were treated in salt water with 4ppt, 8ppt, 12ppt treatments and freshwater with three replications for 2 weeks. For histomorphology study in the end of the period  thickness of 4μ to 6μ were prepared. Also samples were collected for immunohistochemical and ultrastructural studies. Results showed that at the filament position, the highest and lowest number of chloride cells belonged to 8 ppt salinity and control treatment, respectively. Also at this position, the largest size of the cells belonged to the salinity of 12 ppt and the smallest size belonging to 4 ppt. At the lamellar site, the highest number of chloride cells belonged to 4 ppt salinity and the lowest number belonged to the control treatment without changing in the size. In immunohistochemical studies for Na⁺/K⁺-ATPase localization, it was found that chloride cells were high in filament epithelium and few in the lamellar epithelium in different salinities. These cells were present with intense immunofluorescence in the apex, base, and between inter lamellar filament. According to the electron microscopy studies, the membrane of the chloride cells of the gill of common carp showed that different apical morphologies as the deep hole, shallow basin and wavy convex. In general, range of tolerance and adaptation of common carp is high to salinity changes due to rapid changes in chloride cells in the direction of entering and leaving water and electrolytes. So that, this species was able to adapt to the changes in environmental different salinity and to survive.

According to inadequate information about parasitic fauna of Parishan Lake’s fish, six species of fish in Parishan Lake including B. luteus, Barbus grypus , Carassius carassius, Mastacembelus mastacembelus and Cyprinus carpio (Common carp and Mirror carp) were examined for parasitic infestation in faculty of veterinary medicine Islamic Azad university Kazeroon branch. Seven monogenean species or genus including Dactylogyrus extensus, D.anchoratus, D. pavlowsky, D. carassobarbi, D. barboides , Gyrodactylus sp. and Mastacembelus sp. and three protozoan genus including Ichthyophthrius sp., Trichodina sp. and Myxobolus sp. were detected and identified. The results showed that 75.7 % of 74 examined fish were infected however 24.3 % of them had no infection. Highest abundance of infection happened in summer by 88.5 % and the lowest frequency of infection occurred in autumn by 60%. Also the highest rate of infection caused by D. carassobarbi (25 %) and the lowest percentage of it was recorded by D. barboides , D. pavlowsky and D.anchoratus together (1.31 %).One way Anova showed that there was no significant statistics relation between rate of infection and season (P=0.132) and rang of infection between six under study species (P=0.12).

In this study, the concentrations of heavy metals Cu, Fe and Se in muscle, liver and gill tissues of S. guttatus were evaluated in Bushehr seaport during autumn 2016. S. guttatus samples were caught at random from Bushehr seaport (n=30). After biometric measurements the samples were taken from each tissues (muscles, liver and gills) and chemical digestion of the samples were carried out based on MOOPAM, then levels of heavy metals in tissues were measured by Graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrophotometer (Perkin Elmer 3030). Based on the results obtained the mean concentrations of heavy metals Cu, Fe and Se in muscles tissues of S. guttatus were 7.21, 3.07 and 0.094, in liver were 8.35, 3.02 and 0.107, and in gill were 9.87, 3.59 and 0.119 mg/kg dry weight respectively. Moreover, this results revealed that the Cu and Se concentration in muscles tissues of S. guttatus in Bushehr seaport were lower than the levels permitted within the standards of World Health Organization (WHO), Food and Agricultural Organization (FAO), National Health and Medical Research Council (Australia) (NHMRC), Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries UK (MAFF), But Fe concentration was higher than the level permitted within the standard of Food and Drug Administration (FDA).

In the present study, the effect of salinity was studied on the toxicity of cypermethrin. A. sophiae as euryhaline species is able to tolerate salinities from 0 to 14 ppt salinity. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of salinity on its vulnerability to agricultural pesticides. Specimens were exposed to a concentration 0.02 μg L-1 cypermethrin and two levels of salinity (0 and 14 ppt) for 14 days in laboratory conditions. The gill tissue was changed significantly with different levels of salinity. The most changes were as follow; hyperplasia of epithelial cells of secondary lamellae, hyperplasia of the mucous cell of primary lamellae, epithelial lifting, bending of secondary lamellae, scaling of epithelial secondary lamellae, pilar cell hypertrophy, fusion, shortening of the secondary lamellae and aneurism. The results showed that the sensitivity to cypermethrin decreased in lower level of salinity and its vulnerability to cypermethrin was different in various levels of salinity. Therefore, A. sophiae may not be a suitable indicator for measurement of the presence of cypermethrin in the environment.

The present study investigated effects of the pesticide Carbaryl on the liver and gill of Aphanius sophiae over 9 days and concentrations of 0.5, 1 and 1.5 mg L‑1. The tissues were sampled on days 1, 5 and 9 after the start of the experiment for histological studies. The symptoms found in the gill were: hyperplasia, necrosis, peeling of secondary lamella, hyperterophy and epithelial lifting of secondary lamella, curling, fusion, clubbing and destruction of secondary lamella. The symtopms found in the liver were: vacuolation and necrosis of hapatocytes, necrosis of nuleous, regeneration of hepatocytes and autropy. The present study indicated that histopathological changes of the gill intensified over time while those of the liver decreased.

The chronic effects of Neem Azal on growth parameters, survival and gill morphology of common carp (Cyprinus carpio) with average weight of 10.56 ± 0.12 g were determined. A total of 120 fish were distributed equally between three treatments and a control group, with three replicates each. To determine the chronic effect, sublethal concentration of poison, 0.12 (10% LC50), 0.24 (20% LC50), 0.36 ppm (30% LC50), was selected and fish were exposed to these doses for 28 days. Increasing doses of Neem Azal had a significant effect on growth parameters, as the growth declined significantly when poison dose increased (P0.05. Reactions such as irregular swimming, abnormal behavior, nervous reaction to external stimulator, increased opercular beating ​​and anorexia were observed during the test. Damage to the gill tissue also increased as the poison levels increased. Generally, the negative effects of Neem Azal on growth parameters and gill morphology of common carp were observed as biopestiside levels increased.

The effect of sublethal toxicity of cadmium ions on the liver and gill of Cyprinuscarpio was investigated under laboratory conditions. After placement of Cyprinuscarpio in the vicinity Density (0/1LC50) Cadmium sampling days 1, 3, 7 and 14 of the second arc of gills and liver were, And the histopathological lesions were examined. After reviewing the intensity and timing complications, it seems that In the early hours of exposure to inflammatory damage caused And more destructive damage occurs. It is important that has liver the ability to Cyprinuscarpio Some inflammatory damage (Hypertrophy of hepatocytes and nuclear hypertrophy) to control the So that on the third day This damage can be minimized, But inflammatory damage in the gills became more intense with increasing time of exposure. Injury destructive in any mitigation process Was found in the liver and gills With increasing exposure time increases the severity of injuries.

Protein compounds were extracted from the mucus of sea anemone, Stichodactyla haddoni, and their effects on the gills of rainbow trout, Oncorhynchus mykisswere examined. Sea anemone samples were collected from the intertidal zone of the eastern coast of Hormuz Islandand frozen samples were transported to the laboratory. Then the mucus was extracted using of the PBS solvent and doses of 5, 10 and 24 mg/dry weight of total protein was injected into the tail vein of the fish. Upon the inactivation of fish, histopathological changes were examined using of the classical histological method. Lethal signs were observed in the gills, including aneurysm, hypertrophy of epithelial cells, lamella clubbing and deformation, subepithelial edema, lamella congestion in the interlamellar region and necrosis. The damages were more serious with increasing doses. The results showed that protein compositions of the mucus can cause numerous lesions in the gill tissue of fish, which act as an excretory, respiratory and ionic regulation tissue, the failure of which can lead to failure of fish’s vital functions that can be one of the reasons for the death of the hunted fish.
The results showed that the protein compositions of mucus can cause numerous lesions in the gill tissue, as an excretory, respiratory and ionic regulation tissue lead to failure of it functions that itself can be one of the reasons hunted fish death.

Aquatic environments received huge amount of pollutants such as heavy metals, hydrocarbons, pesticides and organic materials every day. In this study, the effect of dissolved cadmium chloride on liver and gill in Chondrostoma regium was investigated. For this purpose, one hundred fishes were caught by sein net from one of the branches of Zayandeh Roud and transferred to the laboratory. The experiments consist of four treatments including: control group (without cadmium), 0.5, 2.5 and 7.5 µg/l cadmium concentrations. For histopathological studies liver and gill were performed at the end of experiment the samples were fixed in 10% formalin.The highest rate of cadmium concentration was observed in gill at 7.5 µg/l of cadmium equivalent. Hyperplasia, clubbing and fusion were the main gill histopathological changes. Congestion, nuclear psychosis and necrosis were the main liver histopathological signs. Intensity of gill and liver damages showed increased trend in a dose dependent manner.

The present study aims at investigating the Histopathological effects of nickel and copper on the gill of Kutum Rutilus kutum. To perform this study, 120 pcs kutum were caught from Syjval fish reproduction center (Bndar-turkmen) with average length of 25/0 ± 5/4°meters and average weight of 1 ± 1/1gram. After the compatibility of the sample with laboratory conditions, the experiment was conducted in 30 days at concentrations of (CuCl2 1.3 mg/L and NiCl2 3.9 mg/L) in the aquarium with the dimensions 65 × 30 × 40 cm. Heavy metal concentrations in water solution was renewed every 48 and the tissue samples were caught during three periods of 7, 15 and 30 days. Results indicate that with the increase of exposure time to copper, damage to gill tissue, such as hyper-emia and hemorrhage, fractures and connectivity of secondary lamella and secondary lamella shortening, blade gill, lamella of swollen multi-cellular were more severe. Regarding Ni, the increase in mucus secretion and hyperemia resulted in secondary lamella fusion and hypertrophy. In sum, The amount of damage gill tissue in different concentrations of Cu was more than Ni.

Nano-technology is an in-progress new technology which has many effects on environment and living organisms. The aim of the present study was to compare the effects of zinc heavy metal and its nanoparticles on the gill tissue of Capoeta capoeta gracilis. Seventy fishes were caught from Zarin-Gol River in Golestan province. After treatment, they were grouped into zinc sulfate and nano zinc under four concentrations (5, 20, 40 and 100 ppm) in fourteen days and one treatment was set as the control. Samples were prepared from gill tissue after fixation in formalin. The observed gill lesions were strong and mediate for zinc sulfate and nano-zinc oxide, respectively which included: hiperpelasia, hiperthrophy, nechrose and lamellar fussions. Results revealed that the gill tissues which were exposed to zinc sulfate showed strong histopathological effects to control treatment. More complications were observed with the increase in zinc concentration, but samples that were exposed to nano-zinc, showed gradual histopathological effects with increase in concentration. Moreover, the histopathological effects of the gills exposed to nano zinc were less than those to zinc sulfate. In general, the nanoparticles have fewer adverse effects and are recommended for use in aquatic ecosystems industry.

The effects of pyrene on gill, liver and kidney of common carp (Cyprinus carpio) were examined by exposing 30 fish (140 ±10 g to pyrene at sublethal concentrations of 10, 50 and 100 µg/l for 35 days. Samples were taken from the organs and fixed in bouin fixative; then, dehydrated, cleared, parafinated and cut by microtome according to the standard method. Afterwards, all sections were studied by light microscope. In gill tissue, lamella hyperemia, hyperplasia, S shaped, and clubbing were observed, while lamella fusion and necrosis were observed in higher concentration of pyrene. Hepatocytes vacculation, congestion of sinusoids, macrophages loaded with hemosiderin were seen in the liver, while in higher concentrations of pyrene, picnotic and kariolized nuclei, and tissue necrosis were seen. Tubule casts, hyperemia, degenerating tubules were seen in kidney exposed to lower concentrations of pyrene, while hemosiderin-laden macrophages, degenerating tubules with greater intensity as well as necrosis was observed in higher concentrations. The results indicated that pyrene may have negative effects on homeostasis, fish health and vital organs in short time exposure due to histological changes, while it could have greater impacts in long term exposure and higher concentrations.

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the ability of osmoregulation by mitochondria-rich cells in grouper fish with high tolerance of salinity variation levels. For this purpose, groupers were transferred from salt water with an average salinity of 40 ppt to the waters with 10 ppt, 20 ppt and 60 ppt rates of salinity. Changes in the number and area of chloride cells in the different treatments were observed during two months adjustment period. Experiment was carried out by sampling three fish from each tank within 8 phases at the moment of the transition, 12 hours, day 1, day 3, day 7, day 14, day 30 and day 60. Histomorphological and immunohistochemical observations were done after fixing in Bouin's solution for 24 hours. Samples were dehydrated with increasing series of ethanol, followed by paraffin, and cleared by xylene. Paraffin blocks were cut at 5 microns and stained by hematoxylin – eosin. Changes in the number and area of chloride cells in 5% level were very different at high and brackish salinity. So in the early hours of the transfer, number and area of chloride cells were low in the brackish water than to that in high salinity. From second week towards the end of period, number of chloride cells in 60 ppt was more than that in control treatment from seventh days towards the end of period, the area of chloride cells was more than that in control group. The high ability and adaptability of this species in response to different environmental salinities might be associated with changes in gill histological evaluation and model osmoregulation mechanisms at different salinities.

This study was conducted in sistan region from March till August 2010. In this study 60 fish cultured Schizothorax zarudnyi of pond zahak Reseaech center and 40 fish catching stations Chahnimeh Reservoir, back zahak Dam, Poozak Hamoon, saboory hamoon.Fish is after catching transported to zahak Research center Laboratory as alive, after Laboratory studing, recognized their parasites by creditable rcognition key. determine physical and chemical factor stations and pond such as, temperature, dissolved oxygen, pH, total dissolved solid.According to results 5 species and Genus of parasites recognized, including: two crustacae(Argulus.sp), (Learnaea.sp). and three protozoa (Ichthyophthirus multifilius) ,(Tricodina.sp),(Chilodonella.sp). Highest Percent abundant was in pond (90)percent and lake(47/5) percent relate to Lernea and highest mean intensity in pond(459) and lake(6) relate to Ichthyophthiriusmultifilius.this is the first report of the Argulus, Chilidonella parasites infecting in Schizothorax zarudnyi.

The sub-lethal effects of water-born Cadmium (Cd) on histopathological changes of gill tissues were investigated on Sterlet, Acipenser ruthenus. In this research, 60 fish (41.69 ± 0.95 g and 23.98 ± 0.14 cm) were randomly distributed in 4 experimental groups, each with 3 replicates. The fish were exposed to different concentrations of Cd for 21 days under semistatic experimental condition as: 0, 16, 32 and 64 μg/L Cd. At the end of the experiment, the gill tissues were fixed in Bouin's solution for histopathological studies. Qualitative and quantitative changes of the gill tissues were analyzed. Several qualitative changes including hyperplasia, hypertrophy of epithelial cells and epithelial edema as well as necrosis, rings and fusion of gill filaments and secondary lamellae were observed in all treated fish including control group. Quantitative analysis based on organ index (Iorg) showed significant increase in histopathological changes in the gill tissues coincided by elevation of Cd concentration in the water. However, there was no significant differences in the organ index between control and 16Cd group.The results of this study demonstrate severe histopathological changes in the gill tissues after exposing to sub-lethal concentration of water-born Cd under experimental condition. The results of this study might be used as a guildline for evaluation of histopahological changes being induced by heavy metals in natural or cultivated environment for sturgeon fish.