جستجوی مقالات مرتبط با کلیدواژه "پرورش در قفس" در نشریات گروه "شیلات"

In the present study, the nutritional value of Asian seabass grown in cages was evaluated based on the measurement of proximate compounds and minerals according to AOAC standard method and UV-Vis spectroscopy, respectively, and protein quality indicators were evaluated based on the amino acid analysis using acid hydrolysis and chromatography. According to the results, the levels of moisture, protein, fat, and ash were determined as 77.78, 17.36, 3.21 and 1.56%, respectively, and the energy content was 98.33 kcal/100 g. The results of minerals indicated a high content of sodium and potassium at 371.41±50.98 and 230.26±40.23 mg/100 g and manganese had the lowest level at 0.29±0.11 mg/kg. A total of 18 amino acids were identified, of which 9 were identified as essential amino acids. Glutamic, aspartic, and lysine amino acids were dominant in this profile. The values ​​of protein quality indices including essential amino acids index, biological value, nutritional index, and protein efficiency ratio in this species were obtained as 58.955, 52.53, 10.23, and 2.90, respectively.

The aim of the present study is to investigate the growth performance and sexual maturation process of female rainbow trout reared in a cage in the Caspian Sea (Mazandaran- Nowshahr). Rainbow trout with an average weight of 122± 5 g were stocked into a cage located in Caspian Sea. Fish were fed daily and random sampling was done monthly (January 2015) to May 2016. Weight and length of thirty fish were measured; their gonad and liver were weighted; total length, total weight, liver and gonad weight, condition factor, GSI and HSI and oocyte diameter were calculated; their blood samples were collected and the levels of 17 beta estradiol, testosterone, progesterone and the vitellogenin were measured; also gonad tissue samples were prepared and examined using a light microscope. The results showed optimal somatic and gonadal growth of fish caged in the Caspian Sea. Sex hormones and vitellogenin levels increased significantly (P<0.01) during the study period. The levels of 17 beta estradiol, testosterone and progesterone in January were 0.56± 0.05 ngml-1, 0.50± 0.05 ngml-1and 0.14± 0.01 ngml-1 respectively and reach to 1.63± 0.13 ngml-1, 0.80± 0.01 ngml-1 and 0.28± 0.03 ngml-1 in May, respectively. Vitellogenin levels increased from 382.40± 55.26 ngml-1 in January to 651.40± 86.34 ngml-1 in May. The gonads developed to stage 4 and the oocyte diameter increased significantly (P<0.01) during the study period. The findings of present study show that female rainbow trout are able to have appropriate somatic growth in the brackish water of the Caspian Sea like fresh water, and the natural process of sexual maturation won’t be disturbed.

This study was designed to determine the effect of rainbow trout culture in floating cage on the distribution and structure of Phytoplankton community in the Abbas Abad area, southern basin of the Caspian Sea. For this purpose, water and phytoplankton samples were collected by a distances of 5, 50, 100 and 1000 m from the cage culture during December 2014 (pre cage), March and April (production period) and August 2015 (post cage). The results of physicochemical factors of water showed that most of the measured parameters had significant differences only among different sampling periods (P<0.05). In this study, 42 taxa of phytoplankton belonging to five phyla (with the dominance of Bacillariophyta) were identified. The results showed that the abundance of most dominant phytoplankton samples had a significant difference during different periods (P<0.05), but this significant difference between different stations was observed for few species studied only. Also, the results of determining the effect of environmental factors using CCA test on the Bacillariophyta abundance showed a minor impact and a positive correlation with turbidity and total nitrogen, While the effect of temperature and ammonium on its abundance was negative. It seems that the rainbow trout cage culture in the Abbas Abad region had a minor impact on water quality factors and nutrients concentration probably due to short duration of cage culture activity and high velocity currents, but no remarkable effect on phytoplankton structure in the vicinity of fish cages, so that the observed changes were more associated with seasonal fluctuant.

The present study aimed to identify, introduce and compare pseudoparasites in wild fish (Rutilus kutum and Mugilidae) and cage culture rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) in the southern coast of the Caspian Sea. Wild fish specimens were collected from four stations in Anzali, Kiashahr, Chalus, Mahmoudabad and rainbow trout in three cages of Kiashahr, Abbas‌‌‌‌abad and Si-Sangan. After transferring the specimens to the laboratory, they were bioassayed and parasitological examination was performed on all internal and external organs. Free-living nematodes, pine pollen, pollen grain, protozoa, fungal spores, plant seeds, and filaments were isolated from fish as pseudoparasites. The highest percentage of pseudoparasites belonged to Pine pollen and was found in almost all fish organs. Free-living nematodes were isolated from the stomach, intestine, gills and Pollen grain from the liver, spleen, and kidneys of fish. Pseudoparasites are widespread in addition to they may be transmitted by food or randomly to fish. Pseudoparasites do not cause infection and disease in their host. Investigating and understanding them because of their importance in the parasitology can be useful for parasitologists and fish farmers to avoid the futile consumption of pharmaceuticals.

This study was carried out to determine the effect of raibow trout cage culture on the abiotic factors of water in the Abbas Abad area, southern basin of the Caspian Sea. For this purpose, water samples were collected at distances of 5, 50, 100 and 1000 m from the cage culture during December 2014 to August 2015. Based on the results, it was shown that the mean value of water temperature for surface layer varied between 12.2 and 30.16 °C from December to August. The highest and lowest mean value of salinity obtained in August (11.26 g/l) and April (10.66 g/l) respectively. The range of pH value changes (8.36-8.83) was as small as the rate of electro conductivity variations (18.11-19.07 µs/cm). The highest concentration of dissolved oxygen was observed in December at 1000 m station (9.23 mg/l) and the lowest was seen in April at 5 m station (7.27 mg/l). Also the mean values of Total Dissolved Solids, Turbidity, Nitrite, Nitrate, ammonium, Total Nitrogen, Phosphate and Total Phosphorus was obtained 9.59 (g/l), 5.55 (NTU), 3.67, 133.45, 92.6, 929.72, 21.63, 37.73 (µg/l) respectively. The results of abiotic factors of water showed that most of the measured parameters had significant differences only among different sampling periods (p<0.05) whilst, for some factors such as dissolved oxygen, ion ammonium and phosphate, there were significant differences between different stations (The effect of distance from the cage) at each sampling period as well as (p<0.05). It seems that the cage culture of rainbow trout in the Abbas Abad area had only a minor impact on measured factors probably due to low stocking density, short-term of fish farm and high current velocity.

One of the necessities for aquaculture development is approaching to cultivation of new species. Among new species, marine fishes have high importance due to advantages like high growth rate and viability for cage culture. Cobia (Rachycentrom conadum) is one of the endemic marine fish in southern Iran. Cobia has a high potential for aquaculture due to its characteristics such as rapid growth, lower puberty age, delicious taste and high market value. This species is cultivating in different countries around the world, specially southeast Asia since the 90s, but there is no significant experience on commercial rearing of this valuable species in Iran so far. There are considerable stocks of cobia in southern Iran, specially in the Persian Gulf which eases access to its eggs and fries. Development in aquaculture of cobia depends on access to sufficient information about propagation and rearing of this valuable species. Therefore, the present paper evaluated practical manual for propagation and rearing of cobia.

The use of chemicals in aquaculture to treat parasitic diseases of cultured fish is widespread. In cage culture of marine fish, ornamental fish is used as a biological controller of exotic parasites however, the existing reports about the impossibility of mass production of cleaner fish by artificial reproduction and also their sensitivity to some farmed fish parasites and diseases, has caused to shift to use of cleaner shrimps that can be easily reproduced and mass-produced under artificial conditions and they do not have a common disease with farmed fish. The effect of cleaner shrimp in reducing parasites in farmed fish remains undiscovered. The use of biological control against parasites in aquaculture may reduce the use of chemical interventions. Therefore, investigating the issue of ornamental shrimp (cleaner) culture, due to marine fish culture development, especially in cage culture system is necessary. According to this, research on selection of the appropriate species and providing broodstocks as a priority is suggested to research centers, academic and executive. In addition to provide required shrimp for the marine fish aquaculture sector, this activity should be introduced as a new job in the ornamental aquatics and aquarium market by promoting biotechnology to the people.

This study was designed to determine the effect of rainbow trout cage culture on the chlorophyll-a content and trophic index value in the Abbas Abad area, southern Caspian Sea. For this purpose, water samples were collected by a distances of 5, 50, 100 and 1000 m from the cages during December 2014 (before rearing period), March and April (during rearing) and August 2015 (post rearing period). In this study, a totalof 42 species of phytoplankton belonging to five phyla (with the dominance of Bacillariophyta) were identified. Chlorophyll-a content varied significantly in different periods and stations (P<0.05). The highest and lowest chlorophyll-a content was recorded in March and station 5 m (2.13 μg/l) and May and station 1000 m (0.44 μg / l) away from cages, respectively. The Trophy State Index (TSI) was significantly different between the sampling periods (P<0.05). The highest TSI (42.18) was observed in March and then in August (40.47) and this differences were significant between different periods (P<0.05), whereas, it was not affected by the distance from the cages (P<0.05). It seems that the rainbow trout cage culture in the Abbas Abad region no remarkable effect on Chlorophyll-a and trophic index in the vicinity of fish cages due to the small scale and short duration of cage culture activity and strong water currents, so that observed changes were more associated with seasonal fluctuant.

Microbial contaminants entering the aquatic environments can endanger the health of swimmers, sailors, tourists, fishermen, fish cage culture personnel, as well as the production and quality of aquatic food. In the present study, some bacterial contamination characteristics of Hassanlu Reservoir Lake were investigated for fish cage culture monthly at different sites (stations 1, 2 and 3: the south shore of the lake / the villages adjacent to Hasanlu; station 4: the dam’s exit; stations 5, 6 and 7: the north shore of the lake / the Mahabad-Urmia road; station 8: the middle of the lake where cage culture of rainbow trout were installed; and station 9: the mouth of the Godar River) during April 2017 to March 2018. The results showed an increase in total and fecal coliforms as well as E. coli contamination in seasons with higher temperature. The amount of microbial load in the upstream station – station 9- (river inlets) and also the station 1 (rural area) were greater than the middle and crown stations of the Hasanlu reservoir lake. The microbial indices of Hassanlou lake indicated that if other biological and non-biological factors are in the range of bio-economic life of cultured fish, it would be suitable for fisheries exploitation such as catching and culturing of narrow-clawed crayfish (Astacus leptodactylus), however, caution should be exercised about culturing of edible oysters and aquatic life and cage culture. Therefore, it is suggested that management and monitoring programs be adopted with the cooperation of all relevant agencies to prevent or reduce the entry of various pollutants into these water bodies so that in the future the potential of Hasanlu Lake to develop other aquaculture production, and to reduce fishing pressure in water bodies as well as to help sustainable production and job creation in the region.

This study carried out to investigate the fluctuation of benthic population in cages of rearing trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss, Walbaum, 1792) in depths of 30-25m of southern part of Caspian Sea at Nashtaroud region of Mazandaran province, This study was performed 150 days with measuring and evaluating physico-chmical factors of water during 5 phases up to the end of rearing period .Samples collected by Ekman Grab was 3 replicates in and out of cages, monthly. In order to investigate population of benthic, some indices such as Shanon-wiver,Simpson and Margalof are used to determine diversity dominance and enriching of species. Totally, 200 specimen of invertebrates (g/m2) belonging to 3 families Bivalvia Molluscas, polychaeta worms and Crustacea collected. The maximum and minimum biomass belongs to Abra ovata 49.2 gm-2 and species like Nereis diversicolor, Balanus improvises and Mytilaster lineatus 1gm-2 respectively. The results of study on organic material showed significant differences in the stations, so that highest was seen in west of cages and the lowest seen inside the cages (P<0.05). There is significant correlation between density and biomass of benthic and percent of mud in the bottom (P<0.05). The results showed positive correlation between Shannon diversity index and biomass of benthic (p=0.001; r= 0.684). Results showed that although after the introduction of salmon cage rearing larvae statistically significant difference was observed in the diversity and density benthoses (P<0.05),but the changes in the diversity of macrobenthose have been very little and partial in the established rearing cages. According to ecological of Classification was done educational platforms studied were placed in stressful and polluted.

Vibrio harveyi is one of the opportunistic marine environment bacteria that are considered as one of the main causes of Asian seabass vibriosis diseases in many marine cage farms in the world. The aims of this study were isolation and identification of these bacteria in cultured Asian seabass in farms, located southern provinces of IRAN (Khuzestan, Bushehr and Hormozgan). In this study, a total number of 110 Asian seabass (80, with clinical sings of disease and 30, apparently healthy fish) with different body weight ranging 50-700g were sampled. Isolation was done from internal organs (kidney, heart, spleen and liver) in common method of bacterial isolation and isolates subjected to phenotypic and molecular characteristics using duplex PCR amplification of the 16SrDNA & vhh genes respectively genus & species-specific gene. The results of PCR showed that of the 95 phenotypically identified isolates, only 65 isolates belong to the genus vibrio and 46 (70.76%) of them were identified as Vibrio harveyi. These results indicate a high present of Vibrio harveyi in cultured Asian seabass in studied farms. Results of the biochemical characteristics of the isolates confirmed with PCR, showed isolates have different reaction in several biochemical tests. Accordingly, the duplex PCR method presented in this study was introduce as an accurate and rapid method for diagnosis of V. harveyi.

Mariculture of trout fish in cage, which is a new approach of Iranian fisheries organization was followed by the last decade draining years and estimation limitation of fresh water fish production in Iran, harvested more than 2700 MT. of trout fish which is the successful choice of cage cultured fish species in three northern provinces - Caspian Sea. Final costs of fish production affected by different financial parameters such as fixed and current investments, in cage condition determined using industrial cost accounting or final production cost. In order to obtain final costs of each kg trout fish cultured in cages of Mazandaran coastal water, questionnaire from 5 trout fish cages were gathered during 2016 in that province. All data and costs are based on a cage with 15 MT capacities. Overall, initial fish biomass for releasing to the cage with the highest costs(41%) of total costs, followed by feed 37%, maintenance and 5 years amortization fixed investment (10%), Insurance(5%) and labor costs(0.018%) are the main factors final costs of the cage fish production. In this study this final production cost of one Kg fish cultured in cages system of Mazandaran province was calculated 129764 , which is 10 % lower than the price of fish cultured in raceway system(142740 Rials).

According to the climatic, ecological and hydrological conditions in the Caspian Sea and according to the Caspian Sea is an enclosed inland body of water and habitats for many valuable aquatic species and endangered sturgeons, it is necessary that comprehensive studies are conducted before any development on fish culture in the sea. This project was financially supported by the Fisheries Organization of Guilan Province and was conducted in the International Sturgeon Research Institute in order to investigate abiotic factors for sturgeon cage culture in Jafroud region of Anzali Port (depth of 50 m) for one year. Physico-chemical factors were investigated monthly. The investigations were carried out in four stations in cage and one station outside the cage (20 m in the opposite direction of water flow in the west). The abiotic conditions for fish cage culture including physico-chemical factors (temperature, dissolved oxygen concentration, pH, salinity as well as nitrite, nitrate, orthophosphate, electric conductivity and total Suspended Solids (TSS) were measured monthly. physico-chemical factors in rearing cage significantly did not affected (p<0.05) growth rate of Huso huso. Also results obtained from this study revealed that there were no significant differences between parameters inside and outside of the cage (p<0.05). However, significant effects of variations in TSS, Total Organic Matter (TOM) and grain sediments factors levels were observed in inside and outside of the cage (p<0.01).The results of abiotic factors found around the stations are in the range of the allowable concentrations of theses parameters for culture. Considering to the environmental findings, the results of this study provides the useful information for fish culture to manage well based on the water quality and hydrological foreseen. The results from this study can enable managers to obtain necessary data to evaluate the rearing capacity of fish in marine cage to issue the permits for sturgeon culturists.

Cage culture is a system in which fish, enclosed in a cage, are raised in aquatic resources. Factors such as increasing aquatic animals consumption among the population and reducing the natural reserves of some species, shortages and resource constraints, and reducing the income and economic value of production in ponds have led growers to recover traditional practices and have a strong motivation in manufacturers to produce fish in cages. One of the fish major problem in in cage culture is infectious diseases and easy transmission of these. Yearly damage to the fish industry comes from a variety of diseases, and manufacturers have taken antibiotics to fight diseases. Using long-term antibiotics in aquaculture, in addition to creating enormous environmental problems, can lead to antibiotic resistance in the bacterial flora of water resources and further damage to aquaculture. Therefore, the methods that were based on the prevention of the disease became more noticeable. One of the ways to prevent diseases is vaccination. The purpose of this study is to summarize important pathogens in cage culture and develop vaccines as an alternative to antibiotics to protect them.

This study was designed to determine the effect of rainbow trout cage culture on the distribution and structure of zooplankton community in the Abbas Abad area, southern basin of the Caspian Sea. For this purpose, water samples, sediment and zooplankton fauna were collected by a distances of 5, 50, 100 and 1000 m from the cage culture during December 2014 (pre cage), March and April (production period) and August 2015 (post cage). In this study, 10 taxa of zooplanktons includes 1 species belonging to the order of Copepoda, 1 species of Cirripedia, 1 species of Cladocera, 1 species of Rotifera, 1 species of Ciliata, 1 species of Foraminifera, 1 species of Aciculata, 1 Sedentaria and 2 species of larvae Lamellibranchiata and Medus were identified overally. Acartia tonsa species of copepod as dominant taxa was more abundant (%76.19) than the other taxonomic groups. The results showed that the physicochemical characteristic of water and abundance of zooplanktons had a significant differences during different periods (P<0.05), while the effect of distance from the cage was not significant (P>0.05). The results showed that environmental factors slightly affected the zooplankton abundance using CCA and there was found a negative correlation between more species of zooplankton and nitrogen compounds especially nitrates, so that the lowest abundance of zooplankton community in March with the highest total nitrogen was obtained. It seems that the rainbow trout cage culture in the Abbas Abad region had a minor impact on water quality factors and nutrients concentration due to water movements and currents, but no remarkable effect on zooplankton structure in the vicinity of fish cages, so that more zooplankton changes were associated with seasonal fluctuant.

Selecting suitable sites for the establishment of cage based aquaculture has a very important role in aquaculture development and investment success. In Iran, there is a growing tendency for seawater aquaculture development due to the limited resources of freshwater. In the present study, the effective biotic and abiotic factors in cage culture that were collected through the hydrological and hydrobiological studies from 1387 to 1389 were analyzed. Iranian waters of the Caspian Sea from shoreline to the depth of 100 meters were investigated with the use of Geographic Information Systems (GIS). Analysis was carried out based on the site selection criteria including the minimum depth of 20 m, short distance from the beach, no interference with other maritime activities, being at least 5 km far from the river mouth and the most suitable environmental parameters. Results indicated that Iranian waters of the Caspian Sea were appropriate for cage culture in which, central region between the cities of Kheshtsar to Kiashahr with an approximate length of 245 km was the first priority and the western and eastern regions were the second and the third priorities for aquaculture development, respectively. In central region, the match compliance criteria for the establishment of floating cages were 80 to 97.5 percent and the suitability of the environmental conditions were increased from the east to the west. Fourteen sites out of the fifteen suitable sites, which had the most appropriate conditions for the establishment of floating cages, were in a region between Chaboksar and the western part of Sepidroud River and the remaining site was in Tonekabon region.

In result of Fresh water crisis and water depletion on the world, attention to marine aquaculture has been most in last decades.so many country in the world try to developed marine cage aquaculture but many diseases and mortality as well as economic losses of producers reports indicated that disease as important challenges of this sector in the future. The incidence of diseases in cage culture systems could be genetically, nutritionaly,environmentaly(Physico_ chemical parameter of water and industrial water pollution), Mechanical damage and infectious disease(parasite, bacteria, fungi and virus). Among bacteria vibrio harveyi, Tenacibaculum maritimum and streptoccosiss inai are the most important with significant economic losses. As well iridovirus and betanodavirus are two high potential disease incidence in marine fish aquaculture. Asian sea bass iridovirus disease is scale drop syndrome (SDS) and betanodavirus is viral nerves necrosis(VNN) are two important disease of Asian sea bass aquaculture. Given that in aquaculture, health management and diseases prevention are superior to treatment so in marine aquaculture especially in cage system, stocking of SPF Fry& Fingerling, vaccination or vaccine therapy, using probiotic& prebiotic instate of antibiotic therapy and chemical drug are mentioned.