جستجوی مقالات مرتبط با کلیدواژه « lysozyme » در نشریات گروه « شیلات »

The use of immune stimulants such as probiotics improves the physiological condition of fish. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of different levels of prebiotic fructooligosaccharides on the immune parameters of rainbow trout serum and mucus. For this purpose, a number of 120 tilapia fry for 42 days in 4 experimental groups (each group contains 10 fish) with 3 repetitions including: treatment (1) control, without fructolycosaccharide prebiotic, treatment (2) food containing 0.05 treatment ( 3) food containing 0.1% and treatment (4) food containing 0.2% prebiotic were divided. After the end of the feeding period, biochemical indices of fish serum and mucus were evaluated at different levels. The serum immune indices in the treatments fed with probiotics on day 40 were significantly different from the control group (P<0.05). The results of statistical analysis showed that the use of fructo-lycosaccharide had a positive effect on serum immunity indicators and among serum immunity indicators, AST enzyme level, albumin, glucose and total protein showed better effects. Experimental treatments had a significant effect on alkaline phosphatase, lysozyme enzyme, soluble protein and mucus immunoglobulin (p < 0.05), so that the amount of alkaline phosphatase, lysozyme enzyme and soluble mucus protein due to treatments fed with prebiotics and with increasing prebiotic concentration, It increased significantly, but the amount of mucus immunoglobulin decreased due to treatments fed with prebiotic and with increasing its concentration. The general conclusion of this study shows that the level of 0.2% fructolicosaccharide prebiotic on the 40th day can partially strengthen the skin mucus indices and the serum indices of rainbow trout and it was found that the addition of prebiotics to the diet It has a significant effect and strengthens the immune system.

In this study, the impact of marigold and spirulina, both in isolation and in conjunction with one another, was analyzed on several indicators relating to growth, immunity, survival, and levels of astaxanthin present in zebrafish tissue. 120 zebrafish were randomly allocated to 10 litre aquariums across four different treatment groups (with three replications in each group, each containing 30 fish). The control diet is based on the basic diet, the second treatment diet contains 25 g/kg of spirulina powder (SP) on the basic diet, the third treatment diet contains 25 g/kg of marigold powder (MG) on the basic diet, and the fourth treatment diet It also contains 25 grams of marigold powder (MG) and 25 grams of spirulina (SP+MG)/kg of the basic feed. At the end of the experiment, some immune indicators and astaxanthin were checked in the tissue. The results of this study show the significant effect of spirulina (SP), marigold powder (MG), and the combination of spirulina and marigold powder (SP+MG) on immunity, and astaxanthin. Especially the marigold and the combined treatment of spirulina and marigold showed better performance (P<0.05). respectively, SP+MG and MG treatment significantly increased total protein, lysozyme, and astaxanthin in fish tissue, and the highest amount of IgM was observed in MG treatment (P<0.05). However, no significant difference was observed in relation to growth and survival.

This study was conducted in order to investigate and compare the effect of cloves, propofol and electrical methods on the duration and recovery from anesthesia and their effects on some immune and physiological responses in beluga (Huso huso). The 270 beluga fish were randomly stored in 12 tanks. To induce anesthesia, a bath of 300 mg/L of clove powder, 5mg/L of propofol and an electroshock device were used as experimental treatments. In each treatment, immediately after the fish reached the stage of anesthesia, the duration of anesthesia and the recovery time were recorded separately and compared. The treatments were also evaluated for the anesthetic effects on the blood indices (red blood cell count, white blood cell count, hemoglobin concentration and hematocrit percentage), immune parameters (lysozyme and ACH50) and stress parameters (glucose and cortisol). In the examination of hematological indices, the highest level of hemoglobin was obtained in the electroshock treatment, which was significantly different from other treatments, and the lowest was related to clove powder treatment (P<0.05). The highest content of hematocrit was observed in the electroshock treatment and the lowest value was measured in the propofol and clove powder treatments (P<0.05). The results of immune parameters showed that the highest levels of lysozyme and ACH50 were in the electroshock treatment and the lowest values were in the clove powder treatment (P<0.05). Also, the results of stress indicators showed that the highest levels of glucose and cortisol were detected in the clove treatment and the lowest values were in the electroshock treatment. The results of this study revealed that the immune and stress indicators of the fish that underwent electrical anesthesia were better than the clove and propofol methods. Therefore, electrical anesthesia is a fast, cheap, eco-friendly method that can be a potential alternative to chemical anesthesia agents.

In this study, dry leaf powder of nettle and dwarf elder in two combinations and three treatments including treatment 1 (dwarf elder 50 g + nettle 60 g/ kg diet), treatment 2 (dwarf elder 50 g + nettle 120 g g/ kg diet) and control (normal diet) were used  and 180 carp (52.64 ± 2.74 g) were fed during 8 weeks. The blood samples were taken in the 4 and 8 week of the trial. At the end of week 8, the fish were challenged to Aeromonas hydrophila. The results showed that the final weight, body weight gain and specific growth rate in treatment 2 and the food conversion factor of this treatment significantly increased and decreased, respectively, compared to the control. The levels of MCV, MCH, MCHC, glucose, cholesterol, albumin, alanine aminotransferase and aspartate aminotransferase were not shown any significant difference between the treatments and the control. In the 4th and 8th week, the amount of red blood cells, hematocrit and hemoglobin of the treatments were significantly higher than the control. At the end of week 4, the amount of white blood cells was significantly different between treatment 2 and the control, but at the end of week 8, this index increased significantly in the treatments compared to the control. The percentage of neutrophil cells, total protein and total IgM in the treatments in weeks 4 and 8 were increased significantly compared to the control. The amount of triglycerides of the treatments in the 8th week had a significant decrease compared to the control. During the 4th and 8th week, the lysozyme activity of the treatments increased significantly compared to the control, and the highest activity was in treatment 2. In week 4, the oxygen free radical production of treatment 2 had a significant increase compared to the control, but in week 8, a significant increase were seen in the treatments compared to the control. The percentages of survival after challenging to Aeromonas hydrophila were 71.6%, 69.9% and 22.6% in the treatment 1, 2 and control, respectively. The results of this study showed that using the combination of nettle and dwarf elder in both treatments can improve the growth and safety of carp fish, but treatment 2 had better results.

The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of Caspian red algae (Laurencia caspica) as natural originated immunostimulant in common carp fry. Algae were collected from Caspian sea and supplemented to diet in different levels of 0, 1, 2, 3 and 4 percent for 60 days. Results of growth parameters indicated an increase in final weight, and specific growth rate in fish fed 2, 3 and 4% algae powder (AP) comparing to control (P<0.05). The numbers of white blood cells and red blood cells were higher in diet containing 3 and 4% AP than those of control and 1% AP. The highest levels of hemoglobin and hematocrit were found in fish fed diet containing 3 and 4% AP. Moreover, fish fed 2, 3 and 4% AP demonstrated lower cholesterol and higher total protein among groups. Hepatic enzymes such as aspartate transaminase, alanine transaminase and alkaline phosphatase displayed a decreasing trend by addition of AP. Alternative complement pathway improved by increasing AP level as the highest value observed in 3 and 4% AP. Also, diet containing 3% AP led to significantly increase lysozyme when compared to other diets. Fish bacterial challenging with A. hydrophila showed increasing survival (more than 40%) in fish received 2, 3 and 4% AP. Overall, administration of 3% L. caspica powder to diet of common carp fry is advised in order to improve growth performance, hematological and immune indices and resistance against A. hydrophila.
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The present study was designed to evaluate the effect of acetaminophen on hematologic and blood biochemistry of rainbow trout in a 4-day period. To that end, total 300 fingerlings with an average body weight of 12.5±2.5 g were randomly allocated into 15 polyethylene tanks (with 100L volume). Fingerlings were exposed to five concentrations of acetaminophen, namely, 0, 0.01, 0.1, 1. 10 mg/L for 4 days. Hematologic and Biochemical Parameters of Rainbow Trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) exposed to Acetaminophen were measured. According to the results, the number of white blood cells was significantly different compared to the control group and other treatments at concentration of 10 mg/l. The number of red blood cells, hemoglobin, mean hemoglobin volume (MCV) and hematocrit were higher in the control group and And the lowest amount was observed at a concentration of 10 mg/l and There was a significant difference between these parameters in different treatments. There wasn´t significant difference in mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration (MCH) between experimental treatments. There was a significant difference in serum lysozyme enzyme and complement (ACH50) activity in fingerling exposed to acetaminophen. There was a significant difference in cortisol and glucose levels in different treatments so that the most amount of cortisol and glucose showed in the control group and the less amount was observed in treatment 5.

Improving the efficiency of the fish's immune system is one of the most important ways to prevent disease and improve growth. Among the safety stimuli, natural types, especially plant stimulants, have recently received more attention due to less damage to fish and the environment. In this study, the effects of improving the growth and immune stimulation of graphite as a plant safety stimulant in rainbow trout with an average weight of 15.79±3.36 g for 60 days were investigated. After 2 weeks of adaptation, 0.5, 1.5 and 1.5 g of graphite powder were added to each kg of fish feed and a graphite-free diet was used as a control. Biometrics were recorded every 10 days and mortality was recorded daily and growth and survival indices were compared between different groups. In order to measure the amount of lysozyme, the tissues of liver, spleen and all fish were isolated and after homogenization and using turbidity method, the amount of lysozyme was determined. The results showed that the addition of graphite to the diet did not cause a significant change in any of the growth indices (P>0.05). In all groups that received graphite with food, the amount of lysozyme in different tissues was higher than the control group, but this difference was only in the amount of lysozyme in the tissue of all treatments of 1.5 and 1.5 g of graphite compared to the group. There was a significant difference between control and two treatments (P<0.05). According to the results of this study, the addition of graphite to the salmon diet improves the innate immunity of kidney tissue.

In the present study we investigated the effects of lysophospholipid (LPL) different levels on growth, hematological indices, hepatic enzymes and lysozyme activity in rainbow trout fed diets containing fat powder. Experimental diets were four different levels including 0, 3, 6 and 9 gkg-1 LPL and control diet (containing fish oil) each in triplicate. After 56 days of trial, measuring growth parameter suggested improvement of body weight increasing, specific growth rate and feed conversion ratio in LPL 9 compare to other diets containing fat powder, however, control diet owned the highest value (P<0.05). Also, inclusion of LPL caused an increasing in conditional factor of fish fed fat powder diets (P<0.05). According to the hematological indices, white blood cell highest value was observed in diets containing fat powder (P<0.05), while, red blood cell increased significantly by addition of 6 and 9 gkg-1 LPL to fat powder (P<0.05). Furthermore, administration of control and LPL 9 resulted in hematocrit enhancement among experimental diets (P<0.05). Enzyme evaluation revealed lower lysozyme activity in fat powder diets supplemented with 0 and 3 gkg-1 LPL compared other diets (P<0.05). Contrarily, hepatic enzymes elevated in fish fed fat powder diets (P<0.05). However, administration of 9 gkg-1 LPL led to decrease this value (P<0.05). Considering the results of the present study supplementation of 9 g LPL is suggested in rainbow trout diet containing ≈70% fat powder.

In the present study, the effect of the intraperitoneal injection of Carthamus tinctorius extract on non-specific immune system and some serological of Oncorhynchus mykiss has been investigated. To this end, the fish with average weight of 100±10 gr were intraperitoneally injected by different levels of safflower extract. In this regard, a negative control group (no injection), a positive control group (injection with 0.2 ml physiologic serum) and three treatment groups received injections of C. tinctorius extract with the concentration of 50, 100 and 200 (mg/kg weight in the volume of 0.2 ml) respectively. Blood sampling were taken On the third, seventh and tenth days after injection, and total serum protein, total immunoglobulin, lysozyme activity, complement and blood glucose levels determined. The results showed that safflower extract injection led to a significant decrease in the number of white blood cells on the third, seventh and tenth days after injection (sig< 0/05). Moreover, blood glucose, lysozyme activity, total immunoglobulin and total protein levels significantly decreased. There was no significant change in complement activity among all groups. Considering this results, the use of safflower extract in rainbow trout can reduce and non-specific immune system activities.

Toll-like receptors (TLRs) generally are involved in host immune responses against microbial invasions. Mono meric felagellin, the structure component of bacterial felagella is the agonist of TLR5m. After binding to felagellin, TLR5m initiates specific signal transduction pathways and triggers immune responses. Single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in this gene regulate inflammatory pathways and are associated with susceptibility/resistance to infection. In this study using polymerase chain reaction, sequencing and aligning the sequences, we investigated TLR5m gene of Rainbow Trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) and identified 6 polymorphisms consist in 3 SNPs: (2412, T/A), (2415,T/A) and (2385, G/A) and 3 insert/deletion: (inser/dele. C, C/T, 2091), (inser/dele. T, 2566) and (inser/dele. C, 2102). A bacterial challenge was performed to explore their association with humoral immune responses such as lysozym content and complement activity levels in serum. The results show that polymorphisms (inser/dele. C, C/T, 2091) and (inserldele. T, 2566) were significantly correlated with higher complement activity levels (p<0.05).These results suggested that these 2 polymorphisms could be potential markers applied in future selection of Rainbow Trout with enhanced resistance to Aeromonas hydrophila.

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of dietary supplements of Pediococcus acidilactici bacteria and Agaricus bisporus mushroom powder separate and combined (combined supplement) on the skin mucosal immune indices of common carp (Cyprinus carpio) in exposure to silver nano-particles. For this purpose, 180 fish with mean weight 29.6±0.4 g were fed in four treatments: bacteria (1 g/kg of diet), mushroom powder (10 g/kg of diet), combined bacteria and mushroom powder (1 and 10 g/kg of bacteria and mushroom) supplements and control (nutritionally non-supplemented) treatments and each treatment with 3 replicate (15 fish per replicate) for 60 days. After the end of the feeding period, the fish were exposed to sub-acute concentration of nano-silver (1 mg/l) for 14 days. Sampling of skin mucosa was performed to evaluate the immune-related parameters on days 1, 7 and 14 (5 sampling per replicate). Results showed that activity of lysozyme, alkaline phosphatase enzymes, soluble protein and total immunoglobulin in diets containing dietary supplements had a significant difference in nano exposed groups with control treatments (p

The present study investigated effects of starvation on growth, body chemical composition and non-specific immune parameters in yellow fin seabream. In this study, 120 fish with a mean length of 8.05± 0.98 cm and weight of 7.46± 1.07 g (was referred as size A) and 120 fish with a mean length of 11.05 ± 0.86 cm and weight of 18.01± 3.07 g (was referred size B) were used with each size was comprised of those fed and starved with three replicates (20 fish per replicate) in a 60- L plastic tanks. The specimens were sampled at 10, 20 and 30 days of food deprivation. The results showed that in starved group of size A, specific growth ratio (SGR), condition factor (CF), final weight, increased weight gain (IWG), hepatic- somatic index (HSI), decreased significantly (P