جستجوی مقالات مرتبط با کلیدواژه « knowledge » در نشریات گروه « علوم ترویج »

Adaptation to climate change requires appropriate knowledge. This study identifies extension programs effects and citrus farmers’ perception regarding adaptation to climate change on their knowledge. The research used a quantitative and explanatory perspective. The data were collected using interviews with a sample of 276 out of 99897 citrus farmers in the Mazandaran Province in 2021, selected by a multi-stage sampling technique. Farmers’ knowledge, perception, and access to extension programs were measured through ordinal-scaled questions. The questionnaire validity was evaluated by academic staff and researchers and its reliability was assessed using a pilot study with 30 farmers and the ordinal coefficient theta (θ = 0.92) for farmers’ knowledge. The data were analyzed using SPSSWin software and applying descriptive statistics, correlation coefficients, and ordinal regression. Results showed farmers perceived their citrus orchards’ high vulnerability to climate variability. Farmers' knowledge regarding long-term and short-term strategies to adapt to climate change was low and moderate respectively. Farmers had moderate access to extension agents and mass media and had poor access to group-based extension programs, but obtained low information on climate change from them. A significant correlation was between farmers’ communication and their information obtained. The odds ratios of the regression showed farmers' knowledge was explained by their perceptions of climate change vulnerability (R2Pseudo=2.394) and increased temperature (R2Pseudo=0.580), information obtains from researchers (R2Pseudo=1.473), and access to mass media (R2Pseudo=1.060). Policies are proposed to expand and strengthen the group-based and mass media extension programs, the interactions between researchers and farmers, and agricultural extension agents’ programs.

Today, engaging in conservation agriculture is an undeniable necessity, and the knowledge, attitudes and skills of farmers in this field can help to develop conservation agriculture. The purpose of this study was to investigate the knowledge, attitude and skills of farmers in Kermanshah Province in the field of conservation agriculture. Statistical population of this study was farmers in Kermanshah Province. The sample size was determined by Bartlett et al. (2001) (n= 370) and sampling was done in a multi-stage manner. The content validity of the questionnaire was confirmed by the panel of experts and the convergent validity was done through calculation (AVE), which was equal to 0.76. In order to measure the reliability of the questionnaire, the ordinal theta coefficient was used and an acceptable value was obtained. Findings showed that there is a positive and significant relationship between educational level, attending educational-extension courses, income, work experience, amount of owned lands, attitude towards conservation agriculture and knowledge of conservation agriculture with the use of conservation agricultural practices. The results also showed that the studied farmers have an appropriate and positive attitude towards conservation agriculture. Farmers' knowledge of conservation agriculture was also good, but their skills in conservation agriculture were assessed as low. Therefore, in order to develop conservation agriculture in Kermanshah province, it is suggested that agricultural extension planners make every effort to increase the skills of farmers in the field of conservation agriculture.

One of the primary and most important goals of the agricultural knowledge and information system is to focus on the welfare of stakeholders. This study investigates the factors affecting the agricultural knowledge and information system from the perspective of extension experts in Kohgiluyeh and Boyer-Ahmad Provinces. In terms of the purpose of applied research and based on the nature of the research data, it is descriptive-survey research. The study's statistical population was the extension experts of Kohgiluyeh and Boyer-Ahmad Agricultural Jihad Organization, which according to the report of this organization, is 260. Krejcie and Morgan's table was used to determine the sample size. Based on this table, the sample size was estimated at 152 people. The data collection tool was a questionnaire whose validity was confirmed by a panel of experts, and its reliability was estimated using Cronbach's alpha coefficient for different parts of the questionnaire. Data were analysed by SPSS21 and Smart PLS software and various statistical tests. The results showed that leadership and management with a standard operating load of 0.621, manpower with a standard operating load of 0.569, planning with a high standard load of 0.365, Structural factors with a standard factor load of 0.353 have the most significant impact on the agricultural knowledge and information system of Kohgiluyeh and Boyer-Ahmad provinces, respectively.

The evidences of fertilizers consumption in Hamedan show that farmers are applying fertilizers in a non-standard and excessive manner therefore, in long-term they will harm the environment and human health. Since,this farmers' behavior as chemical fertilizer users is influenced by various factors.The main purpose of this applied research was to investigate the effect of knowledge,attitude andbehavioral intentiononthe farmers' behaviorfertilizerapplication behavior in Hamadan.The statistical populationof the studyincluded14,200potato farmers working in the central district of Hamadan city which375farmers were determined by using Morgan's sampling table.To select samples,a random sampling method was used and the samples ofeachvillage selected in terms of proportional method.Thedata collectiontool was a questionnaire.Diagnostic validity method was used to assess the validityof the research questions thatshowed avalue higherthan0.5 (AVE≤0.5) and accept able for thevariables.In order tocalculatethereliability, thecomposite  reliabilitymethod  wasused,and it was higher than 0.75 (CR≥0.75)and acceptable for constructs.The datawere analyzed using structural equation modeling with partial least squares approach and softwareof SmartPLS version3.0.The results showed that knowledge withintermediate role of attitude and behavioral intention has a positiveand significant association with farmers'behavior.This indicates the farmers have adequate intention to obtain knowledge and information about the proper use of chemical fertilizers.The results also revealed that farmers 'attitudes have a positive and significant effecton farmers' behavior in using chemical fertilizers.Moreover,attitude with intermediate roleof behavioral intention has apositive and significant effect on behavior.Therefore,it can be concluded that there is a positive attitude about the use of chemical fertilizers among the farmers in the region.

The purpose of this study is to provide a model for creating entrepreneurial knowledge in large-scale cooperatives. This research has been done qualitatively and with the thematic analysis and has tried to understand and extract the dimensions and components needed to create entrepreneurial knowledge in large-scale cooperatives. The research population consisted of 18 experts in entrepreneurial knowledge in large-scale cooperatives who were selected from a series of purposive sampling methods. Thematic analysis method was used to analyze the data. Based on the findings of the study, the factors affecting the creation of entrepreneurial knowledge in this study from the perspective of the interviewees are: personal characteristics, infrastructure and organization, environment and support. From the interviewees' point of view, the sub-categories including general knowledge, finance and support, and rules and regulations also had the most repetition in the interviews. According to the results obtained from the research, it is suggested to the managers of large-scale cooperatives that the conditions for innovation, self-esteem, desire for success be provided as the main value in the organization. Design the structure of the organization in a way that is flexible and organic because it promotes creative ideas and thinking in the organization. Look for new opportunities in the market, and ultimately support and nurture entrepreneurial opportunities, while also identifying and developing the resources needed to take advantage of them.

Climate change has affected most countries in the world. This phenomenon has also had negative effects on Iran's agricultural sector. Certainly, the knowledge and perception of agricultural extension agents about climate change can be effective in farmers' resilience to this issue. Due to this issue, this descriptive-correlation study was conducted to investigate the knowledge and perception of agricultural extension agents toward climate change and the factors affecting it. The statistical population of the study was all agricultural extension agents in Kermanshah Township (N = 180) from which 118 people were randomly selected as a sample. The validity of the questionnaire was confirmed by panel of experts and Cronbach's alpha coefficient was used in order to assess the reliability of the research tool. Based on the results, the climate change knowledge of the extension agents was acceptable (mean 12.83 out of 20) and four variables of age, information sources, work experience and education had a positive and significant effect on their knowledge. Regression analysis showed that the effect of climate change knowledge on extension agents' perception is positive and significant. The results of this study can raise the sensitivity of agricultural extension planners to the issue of climate change and providing in-service training for agricultural extension agents in this field.

The purpose of this descriptive study was to analyzing relationship between ethics norms, knowledge and water conservation behavior. The statistical population consisted of farmers of Halil Rood watershed located at Jiroft county (N=2601) that 339 farmers were studied using Krejcie and Morgan and proportional stratified random sampling method. Face and content validity of questionnaire were confirmed a by panel of experts and its reliability was approved with calculating Cronbach's alpha coefficient (0.71-0.79). Descriptive statistics results showed that frequency distribution of the three studied variables (water conservation behavior, ethics norms, knowledge) were at medium level. Correlation analysis findings showed that variables such as: ethics norms, knowledge of storage and preservation and knowledge of reduce water evaporation had significant and positive correlation with water conservation behavior of farmers. Results of linear regression by stepwise method showed that ethics norms and knowledge of storage and preservation explained about 66 percent of the variability of water conservation behavior among farmers

The present study was conducted in 2018 to understand farmers’ attitude towards the effectiveness of water supply cooperative in sustainable water resources management in Dalahu County. The statistical population of the study was all farmers of six villages in the Zemakan dam basin in Gahwareh as a district of Dalahu County in Kermanshah province. Based on Krejcie and Morgan's table and using a systematic random sampling, 213 farmers were selected for the study. The results of the study indicated that there are significant correlations between age, education level, agricultural experience, land size, number of land parcels, attitude towards sustainable water management, knowledge about different aspects of water supply cooperatives, social norm, social cohesion and water conflict with farmers' attitude toward the effectiveness of water supply cooperatives in sustainable management of water resources. Also, the results of regression indicated that three variables of attitude towards sustainable management of water resources, social norms and knowledge about various aspects of water supply cooperatives have influence on the farmers' attitude toward the effectiveness of water supply cooperatives in sustainable water management and explain a part of variance of this variable. Based on the findings of the study, suggestions for planning and policy development to improve farmers' attitudes towards the aquarium cooperatives, such as the use of various informational tools to inform farmers about the need for sustainable water resources management and providing a framework for increasing their participation in decision making, were presented.

farming is a kind of sustainable agriculture aimed to provide integrated, systematic and human agricultural production system without any conflicts with economic and environmental benefits. Therefore, it is effective to implement educational classes and workshops in related with different techniques of organic farming in order to facilate the adoption process of this innovative method in agriculture. Need assessment is the first step of each program. So, the main objective of this research is assessing of the educational need of bushehr province farmers for adopting and developing organic farming. The statistical population of this research consists of three groups including farmers (24345 individuals), agricultural experts and managers of Jihad agriculture organization of Bushehr province (350 individuals) as well as the lecturers and faculties of agriculture college and research and education center for agricultural and natural resources of bushehr province (120 individuals). Based on statistical population and referring to Morgan table, 200 farmers, 90 agricultural experts and executive managers and 30 faulties were selected, randomly. Quantitative phase of the research was accomplished based on survey using questionnaires and the qualitative phase was conducted based on designing focus groups and content analysis. The face validity and reliability of the questionnaire were confirmed by a panel of agricultural specialists as well as conduction a pilot study, respectively. According to the findings of qualitative phase, 32 educational needs were extracted and ranked regarding organic farming. “Subjects importance”, “farmers’ Knowledge about the subjects” and “application of the subjects by farmers” were assessed in quantitative phase.

Investigating the knowledge of greenhouse owners about the different aspects of the management of greenhouse systems makes a base through which it is possible to discern the existing knowledge gaps together with implementing the respective educational measures to provide the desirable quantitative and qualitative levels of production. Due to this, the present study was aimed at investigating the existing and desirable knowledge of greenhouse owners in Yazd City in reference to the management of control and prevention, standardization and crop improvement. Using the proportional stratified sampling, 322 greenhouse units were selected and surveyed in light of a self-implemented questionnaire (N = 2073). In order to confirm the face validity of the questionnaire, two faculty members of the Agricultural Extension and Education Department and the Department of Sociology and Planning of Shiraz University reviewed, thus according to their comments, the necessary amendments were achievable. The reliability of the research indices was also measured by a Cronbach’s alpha coefficient test (θ = 0.74-0.87). The results of Wilcoxon signed-rank test (a non-parametric statistical hypothesis test) show that there is a significant difference between the mean rank of the existing and the desired knowledge of greenhouse owners, the effect size of 0.87 also confirms the considerable impact. In conclusion, practical suggestions for planning and implementing executive decisions in the field of greenhouse owners education were delivered to fill the knowledge gap.

Climate change adaptation is generally defined as adjustments in natural or human systems in response to actual or expected climate stimuli or their effects which moderated harm or exploit opportunities (IPCC, 2007: 869). Agricultural entrepreneurship is identification process of opportunities and threads of activity environment with new policies to create transformation in agriculture. Therefore, agricultural entrepreneurship can be as an adaptation policy with harmful effects of climate change. The purpose of paper is to study farmers’ attitudes towards agricultural entrepreneurship as an adaptation policy with harmful effects of climate change and to identify influencing factors on it. The statistical population of this study was 7861 villagers in Babolsar city. Using a multi-stage cluster sampling, 140 of them were selected as the statistical sample. The data collection tool was a questionnaire and reliability of data was more than 0/60. In the analysis section, descriptive statistics (mean, standard deviation) were used to describe the data and inferential statistics (regression analysis) were used to identify the effective factors. The findings of the research showed that   farmers’ attitudes towards agricultural entrepreneurship were positive.  Among influencing factors, normative pressure and belief in climate change were importance factors determining farmers’ tendency towards agricultural entrepreneurship. Using the capabilities and support of rural Islamic councils to inform farmers about farming entrepreneurship Increasing farmers' knowledge of the environment, Familiarity of farmers with entrepreneurship experts and their consulting services were suggestions of the promotion of agricultural entrepreneurship.

In the process of supplying agricultural products to the sale market (system of production to consumption), proper marketing operations are particular importance, so that successful marketing performance was considered as a goal of rural and agricultural development. On the other hand, knowledge management as one of the most important factors influencing the performance of companies and especially the marketing performance that has always been a concern of researchers. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of tacit knowledge exchange on marketing performance in agricultural production cooperatives in Isfahan province. This research was a descriptive-survey method. The statistical population of the research was the managers of agricultural cooperatives in Isfahan Province, which is 580 people. By simple random sampling, 230 people were selected as Krejcie Morgant Table. For data analysis, WarpPLS software was used. The results of the research showed that the exchange of tacit knowledge between different sectors of cooperative companies has a positive and significant effect on marketing performance of these companies. Also, the positive and significant impact of top manager support, trust among employees, social opportunities, coordination of functional sectors and the quality of inter-institutional communication on the tacit knowledge exchange in these companies was confirmed. According to the results of the research, the support of top managers and the quality of inter-sectoral communications with the path coefficients (0.42 and 0.19) respectively had the most and the least direct effect on the exchange of tacit knowledge in cooperative companies

Neglecting the activities regarding environment conservation has been criticized by many agricultural experts of Iran. Therefore, the crisis of agricultural development in the country was attributed to the conventional agricultural system and its related problems and a new pattern of agriculture has been emphasized in order to achieve sustainable development. Alternative agriculture has been presented as one the solutions toward sustainable development. Oraganic agriculture is highly recommended as an acceptable productive system of sustainable farming. Cureently, organic farming is defined as an art of green agriculture. According to the novelty of this kind of farming in agriculture sector of Iran, analysis of the farmers` knowledge regarding the principles of organic agriculture was the main aim of the study. This research was accomplished using survey and structured questionnaire in order to collect required data from a random sample of 168 of farmers of Bushehr province. Based of findings, educated farmers have more knowldege about organic farming, so this kind of agriculture has been use by more educated farmers, as well. There was a significant difference between different groups of farmers in terms of risk taking personality and organic technique use in agricultural activities. Risk taker farmers were used organic agriculture more than the others. TV programs, farmers` discussion groups and communication with Organization of Agriculture Jihad were the main applicable communicative mehods which have been used by farmers in order to get required knowledge about organic farming, respectively. At last, some applicale recommendations were presented to train farmers regarding organic agriculture as well as effective behavioral changes of them towards organic farming.

Rural women are directly connected to natural resources and environment and because of their livelihood
strategies, they have mutual impacts on those resources. Rural women's knowledge has significant contribution
to sustainable integrated watershed management. This research aims to understand rural women's information
needs for sustainable natural resources management. The study utilized a qualitative perspective through a case
study methodology using the Rapid Rural Appraisal techniques in the Ghezel Tapeh Watershed, Zanjan
province, Iran. Rural women contributed to their household livelihoods through both agricultural and nonagricultural
strategies. They needed to obtain information and enhance their awareness and know-how
knowledge or skills in subjects such as effective harvesting and processing of horticultural and dairy products,
new methods of carpet weaving with updated designs and maps, new non-agricultural job opportunities,
employment in new agricultural activities, natural resources and environment conservation techniques, and
functional literacy. They also needed to improve their environmental attitude and values regarding proper rural
waste management. There were no serious human physical and health defects among rural women and this
human capability can be utilized for building their other livelihood capacities. These needs imply the necessity
of improving rural women's know-what knowledge and providing required condition for enhancing their skills

Many scholars and experts have a special emphasis on an appropriate understanding of information resources as well as the suitable use of them which means having a desirable information seeking behavior due to the importance of the knowledge and information as the main effective factors of agricultural development. Investigating the information seeking behavior of the wheat farmers in order to determine its affecting factors was the main purpose of the study. All of the wheat farmers of central district of Zanjan township (N=5705) were the statistical population of the study in which 250 individuals were selected as a sample through multistage sampling method. Data were collected through a questionnaire. The content validity of the questionnaire was confirmed by a panel of experts. The reliability was also confirmed through a pretest which the Cronbach`s alpha of the variables were calculated in an acceptable level (0.784 to 0.888). The results showed that about 50 and 46 percent of the wheat farmers used the communication and information resources and channels at moderate and low levels, respectively; whereas, only 4 percent of them used the resources and channels at high level. Furthermore, the results revealed that among the interpersonal information sources, family members and local authorities; multimedia information sources, television and radio programs; electronic media, educational films and CDs; and printed information sources, scientific books and newsletters and research reports of organizations had the highest ranks in terms of application, respectively. The results of a regression analysis indicated that 65.7 percent of the variance of dependent, use of communication and information resources and channels, were explained by the six variables including access to the resources and channels, communication skills, information needs, trust to resources and channels, information seeking attitude and the wheat yield.

Sustainable natural resources management projects, including rangeland management, can have various impacts on the capacity building of natural resources beneficiarie's households. Whereas it is essential to know the importance of rangeland conservation, use and rehabilitation, it is necessary to understand the impact of rangeland management projects on the rural rangeland user's knowledge and attitudes. The aim of this research was to investigate the rangeland user's views regarding the impact of rangeland management projects on their knowledge about rangeland conservation activities through utilizing a cross-sectional survey. Data were collected through document analysis, focus groups, and semi-structured and structured interviews with 204 rural livestock holders in the Mahneshan Township, located in the Zanjan Province of Iran. Rangeland projects had been implemented or were in the process of implementation. According to the rangeland users’ view, these projects have led to increasing their knowledge regarding the importance and conservation methods of rangelands, such as biological techniques and grazing management. Their view towards the impact of the projects on their knowledge is explained directly and indirectly by their participation in rangeland conservation projects, information obtain from interpersonal and mass media, implementing rangeland rehabilitation activities and livelihood diversifying activities by livestock holders, farming land size, membership in community based organizations and age. It is expected to provide facilities and an appropriate environment for learning, knowledge improvement and action of rural rangeland users regarding sustainable rangeland management if the implementation of rangelands projects is integrated with extension services for information intervention through interpersonal and mass media as well as the active participation of rural communities in these projects.

This two-phase research was done to identify and prioritize mechanisms of academic entrepreneurship in agricultural higher education. According to the research purpose, criteria to select key expert participants were identified as: actual experience in academic entrepreneurship, managerial experience in policy making and institutional supporting for academic entrepreneurship, and professional experience as lecturer or researcher in academic entrepreneurship. A total of 24 experts participated in this Delphi technique. By a three-round Delphi study, the first phase was conducted in order to identify alternative mechanisms and criteria of academic entrepreneurship in higher agricultural education. As findings of the first phase, 5 alternatives and 7 criterion were extracted. Using Analytical Hierarchical Process (AHP), extracted alternative mechanisms and criteria of academic entrepreneurship were prioritized in the second phase. Required data was collected through pair-wise comparison and Expert Choice software used to analysis data. Finally, five methods of academic entrepreneurship ranked based on the seven criterion as: set up spin-off and start-up firms by agricultural faculty members for commercialization of research and supplying scientific services has the highest rank (relative weight of 0.242). Then set up a university academic cooperative, with relative weight of 0.242, licensing or selling patents, with relative weight of 0.213, contract research, with relative weight 0.182 and providing education and consulting services out of university, with relative weight of 0.099 got the next rank. Each mechanism of academic entrepreneurship has a different impact and specific implication.

Increasing of producers’ knowledge in any field requires a correct understanding of that field. The purpose of this descriptive correlation study was to identifying of these factors. The statistical population consist all 2462 grape growers in Takestan Township which 240 of them were selected based on Cochran sampling formula and applying randomized stratified sampling method. The validity of research tool was verified by a panel of related experts. A pilot study was conducted and calculated Cronbach alpha coefficient was at the appropriate level (higher than 0.7 for different composite indexes). The finding revealed that respondents had a mediocre and lower knowledge (M=0.49).they had good knowledge of before planting grapes (M = 0.72) and had the least knowledge about the packaging and storage of raisins (M = 0.38). The attitude of grape growers toward production and packaging of raisin was relatively neutral (M=3.02). The extent of using of extension and education services was moderate (M=2.51) and among 13 information resources which they were using, the expert grape grower of village ranked as first. There was a positive meaningful correlation between grape grower's knowledge and their work experience, the extent of using extension and education services and the extent of information channels.