جستجوی مقالات مرتبط با کلیدواژه "growth" در نشریات گروه "منابع طبیعی"

Iodine is an essential micronutrient for human nutrition that has a unique role in regulating metabolic processes such as the synthesis of thyroid hormones, which are involved in the synthesis of sugars, nucleic acids, and proteins. The recommended dietary allowance for iodine is 90 mg for young children (1-8 years), 120 mg for older children (9-13 years), 150 mg for adults, and 220-270 mg for pregnant and lactating women. The low amount of iodine available in the soil is one of the main reasons for their insufficient transfer to the plant and as a result, the lack of accumulation of this element in plants. Their deficiency in food occurs in most human and farm animal populations worldwide. Biofortification of products with iodine is proposed as a new strategy to further enrich the human diet with a potentially affordable and readily available source of iodine. Understanding how iodine affects and functions in plants is critical to developing appropriate biofortification approaches. Considering the importance and high consumption of parsley, this study aimed to investigate the effects of applying different levels of iodine in the soil on the enrichment, growth, and physiological characteristics of parsley.

The research was carried out in the form of a completely randomized design with three replications in the conditions of the research greenhouse of the Department of Horticultural Sciences, Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources University of Khuzestan, in the cropping season of 2017-2018. The experimental treatments included five levels of potassium iodate (concentrations of zero, 12, 25, 50, 100, and 150 mgkg-1 soil), which were mixed with soil before filling the pots, and then each pot was filled with enriched soil corresponding to each treatment. At the end of the experiment, the fresh and dry weight of the shoot, amount of iodine, Ascorbic acid, soluble proteins, photosynthetic pigments, and content of soluble carbohydrates and total phenol in parsley were examined.

According to the obtained results, the highest amount of fresh and dry weight of parsley shoot was obtained in the treatments of 25 and 50 mg of iodine per kg of soil, and it showed a decreasing trend with the increase of iodine concentration of more than 50 mgkg-1 of soil. Iodine consumption up to 50 mgkg-1 of soil not only did not have a negative effect on the growth and development of parsley but also showed increasing effects. However, only the treatment of 150 mgkg-1 of soil had a statistically significant difference from the other treatments. Similarly, the levels of chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b, total chlorophyll, chlorophyll b ratio to total chlorophyll, chlorophyll b ratio to chlorophyll a, antioxidant capacity, ascorbic acid, and soluble proteins increased up to the treatment of 50 mg iodine per kilogram of soil. However, with further increases in iodine concentration in treatments of 100 and 150 mg iodine per kilogram of soil, these indicators showed a significant decrease. By increasing the amount of iodine consumed in the treatments, the content of soluble carbohydrates, the amount of total phenol, and iodine in shoot of parsley showed an increase. No significant difference was observed in any of the measured traits except the amount of iodine in shoot of parsley between the treatment of 50 mg and 25 mg of iodine per kg of soil. Overall, the results showed that parsley biofortification with amounts of 25 to 50 mg of iodine per kg of soil can improve the growth and biochemical indicators of the parsley plant and be used as a solution to meet human iodine needs.

In general, according to the results obtained in this research, the plants treated with low to medium concentrations of iodine had more soluble carbohydrates, soluble protein, ascorbic acid, antioxidant capacity, and photosynthetic pigments, which indicates a positive response to low to medium amounts of iodine in the root environment. Quantitative data obtained showed that a large amount of iodine is stored in the vegetative tissue. Based on the results of this research, it can be concluded that parsley will be a promising target plant for biofortification with iodine. That is by consuming 50 mg of iodine per kilogram of soil, the concentration of iodine in the aerial parts of parsley can be increased by one order, and by consuming 50 to 100 grams of fresh parsley, the daily iodine requirement for an adult person will be provided.

The purpose of this research was to investigate pistachio seed priming and seedling spraying using the organic amino compound "Cheshmgir" on the germination and growth characteristics of pistachio seedlings. The first experiment was to investigate the effect of seed priming treatment (organic amino compound 5 per thousand) on germination in laboratory conditions. In the second experiment, the effect of spraying organic amino compounds was investigated on 3 and 5-month-old seedlings. This experiment was conducted in a completely random statistical design with 6 treatments and 6 replications. In the third experiment, the combined effect of priming and spraying of this combination was evaluated on the growth traits of seedlings in hydroponic culture under greenhouse conditions. This experiment was conducted as a factorial in a completely randomized design with 6 treatments and 6 replications. In this experiment, the growth characteristics of seedlings were evaluated, The results of the first experiment showed that the highest germination speed and the length and weight vigour index of seed were in Qazvini seeds, which were increased by 10, 273 and 230%, respectively, in comparison with Badami-e-Zarand seeds. Seed priming with organic amino compound 5 per thousand significantly increased the average rate of germination (44.8%) and root growth (54.7%). The results of the second experiment showed that the concentration of 5 per thousand in 3-month-old seedlings had a significant effect on increasing the number of leaves (50.9%), increasing the root volume (3%) and reducing the number of damaged leaves (100%) compared to the control. The results of the third test based on the DOE experimental plan showed that the best level of response with the highest efficiency and efficiency was related to the application of 5 per thousand foliar spraying of amino organic compound (during 3 times with intervals of 25 days) along with seed priming.

In higher plants, chromium (Cr) is not essential to plant growth and function. Exposure to Cr may cause tissue necrosis and limit chlorophyll production. In particular, Cr is usually involved in electron transfer and induce production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) (e.g., hydroxyl radicals and superoxide radicals), resulting in oxidative stresses and damages to plant cells and tissues. Humic acid (HA) and fulvic acid (FA) are the major component of humic substances. FA has low molecular weight and contains more oxygen-rich and carbon-poor functional groups compared with HA. It has been reported that soil and foliar applied FA increased the intensification of seedling growth, seed germination energy, and root weight of wheat plants. However, the aim of this research was to investigate the effect of different chromium concentrations on growth and biochemical parameters and stress indices in lettuce fed with fulvic acid, as a stress modifier in hydroponic system.

In order to investigate effects of fulvic acid application on morphological and physiological and biochemical under chromium stress in red leaf lettuce (Lactuca sativa L.), a pot experiment was conducted as factorial based on completely randomized design with four replications under hydroponic culture in university of Mohaghegh Ardabili in 2021. Experimental treatments were consisted of chromium stress at three levels (0, 3 and 15 mg l-1) and fulvic acid application at two levels (0 and 50 mg l-1). In this research, morphological traits including, shoot and root fresh weight, root length, root to shoot ratio and physiological traits such as total chlorophyll and carotenoid, leaf chromium content, soluble protein, malondialdehyde, relative water content, catalase, hydrogen peroxide were evaluated. 

The results revealed that Application of fulvic acid in plants grown under chromium stress caused an increase in root length and soluble protein compared to plants grown under chromium stress alone. While the addition of fulvic acid to the nutrient solution in chromium stressed plants showed a significant decrease in leaf chromium content, membrane peroxidation and hydrogen peroxide compared with the plants grown under Cr stress. The application of chromium at a concentration of 15 mg L-1compared to the control treatment reduced the root and shoot fresh weight, total chlorophyll and carotenoid and catalase by 20.5, 21.7, 22.3, 19.5 and 26%, respectively. Plants fed with 50 mg L-1 fulvic acid compared to the control treatment, root and shoot fresh weight, root to shoot ratio, total chlorophyll and carotenoid water relative content increased by 16.5, 15.5, 103 and 37%, respectively.

The addition of fulvic acid improved morphology and physiological traits, and abiotic stress indicators in lettuce under Cr stress. Result showed that the alleviation of Cr toxicity might be associated with decreased Cr uptake in roots leading to reduced Cr translocation in the shoot. Further, fulvic acid addition decreased membrane stability and hydrogen peroxide in response to Cr stress.

Water scarcity is the most important factor limiting the production of horticultural products, especially in semi-arid countries such as Iran. Application of appropriate methods to increase growth and nutritional status of fruit trees is the most important factor for optimal fruit production. This study was carried out as a factorial randomized complete block design with three replications on Golabe-Kohanz apple cultivar grafted on M9 rootstock. Treatments consisted of tree bag placements (no bag, one bag and two bag) and irrigation (50, 75 and 100% of field capacity). Physiological, reproductive and nutritional characteristics of the trees were evaluated 24 months after planting. Results showed that the interaction effects of different levels of irrigation were significant on leaf fresh weight, leaf area, plant height, total chlorophyll and leaf nitrogen content (p≤%5) and the effects were significant on plant height, trunk diameter, leaf potassium, leaf number and flowers (at p≤%.). Plant height, trunk diameter, and leaf potassium increased significantly with 75% irrigation and two bags. In 75% irrigation and one bag Leaf nitrogen was 52.91% more than that of 75% irrigation without bag. Therefore, this system is recommended for cultivation of dwarf apples cultivars.

Boron (B) is an essential microelement in higher plants, but excessive amount of B in the soil or in irrigation water create serious problems on plant growth, production and human health. Salicylic Acid (SA) plays a key role in establishing and signaling a defence response against various environmental stresses. Exogenous application of SA may alleviate adverse effects of B toxicity in lettuce )Lactuca sativa L.( In this experiment, in order to evaluate effect of B and SA on morphological and biochemical traits of lettuce, an experiment was carried out as factorial based on completely randomized design with three replications in 2017. Experimental treatments included three levels of SA (0, 0.5 and 1 mM) and three levels of B (0.05, 0.5 and 1 mM). The results revealed that with increasing B concentration in nutrient solution decreased leaf fresh and dry weight, leaf area, and chlorophyll a, b, total and carotenoid contents. The highest contents of proline, soluble sugar, total phenol and electrolyte leakage were obtained in plants fed with concentration of 1 mM B and SA, and the lowest value in B and SA control treatments. The maximum of ascorbate peroxidase (APX) and peroxidase (POX) activity in the leaves was recorded at concentration of 0.5 and 1 mM B in solution, respectively. The increase in B concentration in the nutrient solution from 0.05 mM to 1 mM the leaf B content increased 9.3 times. The results this experiment showed that B excess significantly decreased growth and yield of lettuce and SA foliar application cannot alleviate B toxicity in lettuce.

Assessing the success of tree plantations created by executive agencies can be a valuable guide to draw a future path for restoration of forest lands. In order to evaluate the success and impact of pistachio and almond reforestation in the rehabilitation of forest lands in the south of Yazd province, a 157 -hectare area was selected and divided into sections based on planting method. In each section, survival and seedling dimensions were measured. The results of direct sowing and inverted potting methods as well as continuous irrigation and first year irrigation methods were compared by independent t-test. Direct sowing, inverted potting and seedling planting methods were also compared by analysis of variance. Transect method was used to study the richness of herbaceous plants. The results showed that in the first year irrigation section, the total survival rate was 77% and the inverted potting method was more successful than direct sowing. In the continuous irrigation section, the survival rate of pistachio by inverted potting method was 38.8%, direct sowing of almonds was 69.9%, inverse potting was 84.5% and seedling planting was 86.9%. There were a total of 35 plant species in the planting sector and 14 species in the grazing sector. Grass cover density in the planting area was 1.68 seedling.m-2 and cover was 32% vs 0.49 seedling.m-2 and the coverage was 3.91% in the area under grazing. According to the results, the rainfall of the region alone is sufficient for success in almond reforestation. Of course, almond seedling planting with irrigation has also had a significant survival. In general, for almond, seedling planting and inverted potting method are considered suitable but direct sowing has less viability. Also, pistachio reforestation without pioneer species is not recommended and preferably must be done after rehabilitation of nurse trees. Restoration of rangeland cover and the presence of natural regeneration of pioneer species between rows show a positive trend of land reclamation in the area.

 The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of cyproheptadine on dietary survival and growth in rainbow trout Oncorhynchus mykiss. In this study, 300 rainbow trout children were divided into four groups with initial mean weight of 4.87 g for two months with diet containing cyproheptadine including 0 (control), 2, 4, and 6 mg/kg. The results showed that cyprohep had no positive effect on the growth parameters including final weight, percentage of weight gain, specific growth, protein yield and average daily growth and most of the measured parameters had no significant difference (p> 0.05). Therefore, the results showed that the use of cyproheptadine in feed did not improve the growth and nutrition performance of rainbow trout and it is not recommended to improve rearing conditions.

In this study, the effects of different dietary levels of synthetic tryptophan on some growth parameters and carcass quality of rainbow trout was investigated. For this purpose, 120 fish (mean weight 6.5±0.4 g) were randomly distributed in three treatments with four replicates and fed with diets supplemented with 0 (control diet), 0.2%, and 0.4% tryptophan for 8 weeks. Results showed that addition of tryptophan at 0.2 and 0.4% levels significantly improved the weight gain, specific growth rate, daily growth rate, and survival compared to the control group (p<0.05). The lowest feed conversion ratio (1.01±0.04) and highest protein yield ratio (2.48±0.02) were observed in 0.4% tryptophan treatment (p<0.05). There was no significant difference in length gain and condition factor between treatments (p>0.05). The highest crude protein (61.62±1.21%) was observed in 0.4% tryptophan treatment, which was significantly different from those in control and 0.2% tryptophan treatments (p <0.05). There was no significant difference in moisture content between treatments (p> 0.05). Regarding the carcass amino acids profile, the highest amounts of methionine (1.59±0.02%), methionine + cysteine (2.15±0.03%), threonine (2.35±0.01%), isoleucine (2.37±0.04%), leucine (4.20±0.06%)و and valine (2.81±0.03%) were measured in 0.4% tryptophan treatment (p<0.05). In general, findings of the current research illustrated that most growth parameters of rainbow trout were improved by adding tryptophan to the control diet, although the fry carcass had higher amino acid and crud protein values by supplementing diet with 0.4% tryptophan.

In this study, different produced extruded commercial fish feeds in Chaharmahal-V- Bakhtiari Province investigated with the aim of determining growth indices and carcass composition of fingerlings rainbow trout. Total of 3600 rainbow trout Juveniles with initial average weight of 80±2.4 gr, were subjected in triplicate to four diets of 1, 2, 3 and 4 and in a completely randomized design for 130 days. At the end of experiment, 10 fish (294.77.3 g) from each tank were randomly sampled and chemical carcass composition (i.e. protein, lipid, ash and moisture) were measured. The highest body weight gain and daily weight gain were calculated in treatment 1 compared to others (p<0.05). Food conversion ratio (FCR) were lower in both 1 and 3 treatments than other groups (p<0.05). The maximum crude protein of fish fillet was obtained in treatment 1 and the lowest was measured in treatment 2 (p<0.05), but the fat content had not any significant differences among treatments (p>0.05). The highest and lowest fillet ash percent was seen in treatments 1 and 2, respectively (p<0.05). Treatments 1 and 2 were contained the highest and lowest amount of calcium and phosphorous, respectively (p<0.05). In conclusion, growth performances and carcass chemical composition of rainbow trout were not similar which could be related different levels of crude protein of commercial diets, which produced in Chaharmahal-V-Bakhtiari feed factories.

At present experiment, the effects of moist stratification duration (at 7+1 oC) on seed germination and early seedling growth of three genotype of wild almond (Prunus scoparia) from Khuzestan province (southwest of Iran) were investigated. The seeds of P. scoparia were selected from wild almond trees in Masjed Sloeyman, Izeh and Dezful regions. After tip pinching, seeds of each genotype were stratified for 0, 15, 30 and 45 days. Results of germination test showed that stratification for 45 days increased seed germination percentage, seed germination rate and early seedling growth of all three genotype. The highest germination percentage were 68, 69 and 71 for Masjed Sloeyman, Izeh and Dezful, respectively. Seedling growth indices of each genotype (vigor index, root and shoot length and seedling dry weight) were increased after stratification for 30 to 45 days and also differences among responses of genotypes were statistically significant. The lowest germination vigor (0 and 43.75, respectively) were observed in seeds of Masjed Sloeyman and Dezful without stratification after 15 days stratification and for seeds of Masjed Sloeyman (84.5) after 30 days. Overall, results indicated that the stratification for 45 days after removal of seed coat and origin of seed significantly affect the germination and early seedling growth of P. scoparia genotypes form Khuzestan.

In this research, the effects of dietary cinnamomum zelanicum (Cinnamomum zelanicum) on the chemical composition of Cyprinus carpio muscle were investigated. 240 specimens of common carp with initial average weight of 11.14 ± 1.2-12 g were seperate in four treatments of 0, 5, 10 and 15 g cinnamon powder per kg diet. Findings were done in three replicates for 60 days in 12 fiberglass tanks with capacity of 135 liters. At the beginning and the end of the experimnt, 10 specimens were selected for determination of growth indices (specific growth rate, relative growth rate, weight gain, length, feed conversion ratio, protein efficiency ratio) and chemical composition (moisture, protein, Fat, fiber and ash). Most of the growth indices including weight gain, length increase, relative growth rate, specific growth percent and protein yield ratio were significantly increased in fish fed with diet containing 10 g kg-1 of cinnamon powder (P<0.05). The survival rate of the fish was high and the highest survival rate of fish was in the treatment of 10 g kg-1 cinnamon powder. Analysis of chemical composition showed that the highest mean protein and moisture content of the treatments were in the treatment of 10 g kg-1 of cinnamon powder and the highest mean of muscle fat and carbohydrate in the control treatment. There was no significant difference between mean of fiber and ash content among treatments (P> 0.05). According to the present results, the addition of 10 gr cinnamon per kg diet is recommended for common carp.

Sucrose and boron as a source of carbohydrates and an effective factor in carbohydrate transport, respectively heve positive effects on seedlings’ growth. In this study, the effect of spraying sucrose and boric acid were evaluated on seedlings and fruits quality of tomato in the nursury and field, respectively. Tomato seeds (Var. SuprA) were planted in seedling tray. Seedlings were subdivided into two groups for foliar application: 1- were sprayed in the nursery, and 2- were sprayed after transplanting into the soil. Foliar application of each group was performed in three stages with concentrations of 0, 5 and 10% sucrose and 0, 0.1 and 0.2% boric acid. The results revealed that nutrition of sucrose and boric acid in nursery reduced seedlings’ height and leaf area upto 30 percent in comparison to the control, which might be desirable to tolerate the potential stress caused by transplanting process. Because of decreased shoot growth, the root to shoot ratio of seedlings increased by all treatments containing sucrose upto 35 percent compared to control. Spraying with 10 percent sucrose and 0.1 percent boric acid in nursery were significantly improved shoot dry weight to 0.04 g and carotenoid upto 0.214 mg/gFW. Also, tomato seedlings sprayed with sucrose and boric acid immediately after transplanting had positive effects on plants growth. The highest number of flowers (114.86) and the highest number of clusters with (19.7) were recorded for 0.2 percent boric acid treatment. Maximum number of fruits per plant (18.70) was recorded for spraying sucrose 5 percent plus boric acid 0.1 percent. For coclusion, increasing the carbohydrate content of transplant through sucrose foliar application is a key factor in plant establishment. It was also found that the boron element allows sucrose transfer into the plant. The simultaneous use of sucrose and boron improved sucrose absorption rates in the plants.

The aim of this study is to define some growth performances and survival rate of European whitefish larvae when they were fed with three different feeding regimes until fingerlings stage. One hundred and fifty newly hatched white fish fry (40.01 mm initial total length) randomly stocked into nine rearing net cages in a natural pond of Khojir research center, and nourished for 90 days with three kinds of food including rotifer (Brachionus plicatilis), rainbow trout commercial diet and a compound of rainbow trout commercial diet with live feed in a mixture of 50% of each. First month of rearing revealed that different feeding regimes cause significant differences between all groups (p<0.05). The highest body gain (48.000.231 %), length gain (23.650.116 mm), specific growth rate (5.360.002%) and feed efficiency (63.480.539%) was obtain in the fish fed with live food in the first month of trial (p<0.05). Also the same trend was observed in the second month of growing. However, in the third month of growing all growth indices except survival rate are improved in commercial diet in comparison to other groups (p<0.05). According to results, whitefish larvae fed with rotifers as a live feed is recommended up to two months of rearing

In this survey, effect of Probiotic Bactocell (Consist of Pediococcus acidilactici MA 18/5M) was examined on feeding, growth performance and survival rate of grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idella) fry. 300 fish were prepared and fed by special diet made according to American Soybean Association International Marketing (ASA-IM) principle. Four different treatments (control group with no probiotic, treatments 1, 2 and 3 each containing 0.1, 0.2 and 0.3 g probiotic Kg-1 of basal diet, respectively) were designed in triplicates. Results showed that Bactocell has no significant effect on feeding and growth parameters, but treatments 1 and 3 had the best performance. Although there weren’t any significant differences between fishes treated by 0.1 and 0.2 g Kg-1 Bactocell, most of the growth factors including body weight increase, percentage of body weight increase, specific growth rate and protein efficiency rate were better in fishes fed by the diet supplemented with 0.1g Kg-1 Bactocell.

The aim of present study was to evaluate the effects of different levels of dietary Phytogenic combination (Biomin PEP 1000) on nutrition and growth performance and survival rate of grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idella) fry which has done for 56 days. The experiment was completely randomized design consisting four levels 0 (Control group), 1, 2, and 3 g of Biomin PEP 1000 kg-1 diet in four treatments with three replications. Twenty five specimens of grass carps fry with initial mean weight 0.51 ±0.02 g were distributed in 12 small tanks with 100 liters volumes filled with 80 liters water and fed up to satisfy. Growth parameters such as final weight, body weight increase, specific growth rate, daily food intake, feed conversion ratio and protein efficiency ratio were measured. The results were analyzed by one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) and Duncan test. According to the results, phytogenic combination (Biomin PEP 1000) addition had no significant effect in Feeding, growth performance and survival rate in any experimental levels (P>0.05).

The effect of seed Provenance on the rate of seed germination and some quantitative characteristics of Cappadocian Maple seedling were investigated in this study. To achieve this goal seeds from the two seed Provenances were collected from Pahne kola (250 m) and Lajym (900 m). These Seeds were planted in the form of a completely randomized block design in nursery in Mazandaran pulp and paper company. then, after eight months of planting, percent age of seed survival, diameter and height growth, leaf number, stem on root ratio and root, stem and leaf biomass were measured. The results showed that the two source parameters studied were %99 significantly different and seedlings of seeds from Lajym source showed more favorable conditions.